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牛病毒性腹泻病毒致病机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
牛病毒性腹泻（bovine viral diarrhea,BVD）和黏膜病（mucosal disease,MD）均是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）感染引发的传染病,严重威胁世界养牛业的发展。文章概述了BVDV分型及其分子生物学特征,并从急性感染、经胎盘或子宫感染、持续性感染和黏膜病4个方面总结了近期国内外BVDV致病机制的研究进展。根据序列保守性及是否致细胞病变可将BVDV分为两种基因型和两种生物型,其中,新发现的"HoBi"株归类为瘟病毒属。BVDV基因进化很快,基因组编码4种结构蛋白和8种非结构蛋白,编码蛋白在病毒的复制、翻译及在宿主致病过程中发挥重要作用。BVDV致病机制复杂,急性感染会造成病毒血症、繁殖障碍、免疫抑制等,急性感染牛发生腹泻的原因与BVDV感染胃肠道的肌层、黏膜下层并干扰肠道神经的正常功能相关,非致细胞病变型（NCP）BVDV是造成急性感染的病因。胚胎感染BVDV取决于病毒首次侵袭时胎儿在子宫内的生长阶段。NCP型BVDV具有抑制胎儿体内产生Ⅰ型干扰素的能力,致使该病毒在宿主中得以生存并形成持续性感染牛,当持续性感染牛再次感染与NCP型BVDV高度同源的致细胞病变型（CP）毒株时直接诱发黏膜病。两种生物型的产生是发生持续性感染和黏膜病的重要因素,NCP型可向CP型BVDV进行转化。本综述有助于发现控制BVD-MD传播的新途径,为消灭该病和新型疫苗的研制提供参考。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒致病机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
牛病毒性腹泻(bovine viral diarrhea,BVD)和黏膜病(mucosal disease,MD)均是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染引发的传染病,严重威胁世界养牛业的发展。文章概述了BVDV分型及其分子生物学特征,并从急性感染、经胎盘或子宫感染、持续性感染和黏膜病4个方面总结了近期国内外BVDV致病机制的研究进展。根据序列保守性及是否致细胞病变可将BVDV分为两种基因型和两种生物型,其中,新发现的"HoBi"株归类为瘟病毒属。BVDV基因进化很快,基因组编码4种结构蛋白和8种非结构蛋白,编码蛋白在病毒的复制、翻译及在宿主致病过程中发挥重要作用。BVDV致病机制复杂,急性感染会造成病毒血症、繁殖障碍、免疫抑制等,急性感染牛发生腹泻的原因与BVDV感染胃肠道的肌层、黏膜下层并干扰肠道神经的正常功能相关,非致细胞病变型(NCP)BVDV是造成急性感染的病因。胚胎感染BVDV取决于病毒首次侵袭时胎儿在子宫内的生长阶段。NCP型BVDV具有抑制胎儿体内产生Ⅰ型干扰素的能力,致使该病毒在宿主中得以生存并形成持续性感染牛,当持续性感染牛再次感染与NCP型BVDV高度同源的致细胞病变型(CP)毒株时直接诱发黏膜病。两种生物型的产生是发生持续性感染和黏膜病的重要因素,NCP型可向CP型BVDV进行转化。本综述有助于发现控制BVD-MD传播的新途径,为消灭该病和新型疫苗的研制提供参考。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒的分子生物学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
牛病毒性腹泻病(Bovine Viral Diarrhea,BVD)是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)引起的,主要侵害牛的一种重要传染病,临床主要表现为发热、黏膜糜烂、溃疡、白细胞减少、持续感染(Persistently Infected,PI)、咳嗽及怀孕母牛流产或产生畸形胎儿等等。羊、猪、鹿和多种野生动物等也能感染和传播。该病呈世界性分布,从世界范围内讲已有60多年的历史,在我国也已存在20多年之久,给各国畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失,但目前为止,还没有有效的预防和控制BVDV的措施。本文阐述了BVDV的基因组结构、编码的蛋白质、分子流行病学、生物型及生物型之间转化机制以及国外BVDV新型疫苗研制等方面的进展情况,以便人们进一步了解该病分子生物学方面的信息。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）是导致牛腹泻的重要致病病毒之一,BVDV感染不仅能造成严重的临床症状,且可导致患畜的免疫力降低从而感染其他病原,致使患病动物的发病率和死亡率大大增加,给养牛业造成重大的损失。随着近年来分子生物学相关理论及技术不断发展,对于BVDV的研究逐渐深入,人们对该病毒的分子生物学方面有了一些新的了解,作者主要从BVDV的病毒粒子结构组成及功能、国内外的流行情况和BVDV基因的遗传与变异情况3个方面阐述近几年BVDV的分子生物学研究进展。 相似文献
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猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒JLS-01株的分离鉴定及致病性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解猪源牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)的分子特征及致病性,本研究利用RT-PCR从吉林省某猪场出现严重腹泻症状的仔猪病料中检测到BVDV核酸阳性,将处理后的BVDV阳性样品接种于MDBK细胞,分离到1株病毒,命名为BVDV JLS-01。通过免疫荧光检测、5′UTR与Npro RT-PCR扩增对其分子进化特征进行分析。结果显示,该分离毒株在MDBK细胞上盲传至8代未出现细胞病变,在免疫荧光试验中呈阳性荧光信号。RT-PCR扩增获得大小分别为280和735bp的5′UTR和Npro片段。BVDV JLS-01株5′UTR与Npro序列遗传进化分析表明,其与LN-1和ZM-95亲缘性最近,与牛源毒株LN-1基因同源性达99.3%,提示该毒株可能来源于牛源毒株。将BVDV JLS-01株F8代细胞培养液人工感染BVDV和猪瘟病毒(CSFV)抗体阴性猪,感染猪未表现出明显的体温升高,但白细胞数量下降,并在感染猪的白细胞提取物中分离到该毒株,表明该毒株具有一定的致病性。该毒株的成功分离对进一步开展BVDV流行病学调查及致病机理等方面的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)是引起牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病(BVD-MD)的病原,感染后可造成牛腹泻、流产、繁殖障碍、持续感染等症状,且急性BVD致死率较高,对我国乃至世界养牛业造成了严重影响。目前,国内外对BVDV的研究主要聚焦在其结构蛋白方面,对于在BVDV复制、转录、翻译中起重要作用的非结构蛋白的研究较少,缺乏对BVDV非结构蛋白的功能进行系统的总结。论文对BVDV非结构蛋白功能方面近年来的研究进展进行了汇总,以期对今后牛病毒性腹泻黏膜病的致病机制、诊断及预防提供参考。 相似文献
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为了解宁夏地区牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的分子流行病学现状及其Npro基因的遗传变异情况,从宁夏某牛场疑似感染BVDV的9份牛血清中分离到1株可导致细胞发生病变的BVDV毒株,命名为BVDV NX-01,通过测定病毒滴度、电镜观察、病毒Npro基因扩增及测序、绘制进化树、序列一致性比对等方法,对分离株进行鉴定及遗传进化分析。结果：该分离株接种MDBK细胞培养可产生明显的细胞病变,培养48 h病毒滴度达107.0 TCID50/0.1 mL,病毒粒子呈有囊膜的球形,直径40～60 nm;进化分析结果表明,BVDV NX-01与GS2018株有较近的亲缘关系,同属于BVDV-2a基因亚型;序列一致性比对发现,BVDV NX-01与进化树中处于同一分支的GS2018株Npro基因一致性高达98.9%,进一步说明分离株BVDV NX-01属于BVDV-2a亚型。本研究结果不仅丰富了宁夏地区BVDV的分子流行病学数据,也为从分子水平研究BVDV的致病机理提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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试验选用1岁青年母牛18头，BVDV（牛病毒性腹写病毒）血清检测阴性，BVDV分离阴性。同条件饲养，随机抽取12头母牛注射BVDV1型减毒活病毒疫苗（含致细胞病变株），在怀孕7O～75天，鼻腔接种1型BVDV，试验组所有牛均做抗体检测，同时对流产胎儿做感染情况的检测。结果表明：BVDV1型致细胞病变株的减毒活病毒疫苗能够保护母牛及其胎儿抵抗异源性BVDV1型病毒的感染。预防和控制中BVDV感染的关键是消灭持续感染的牛。检测并淘汰持续感染的的牛，使用疫苗防止胎儿感染，是一项有效的控制措施。怀孕125天前的胎儿在子宫中感染非致细胞病的BVDV将造成胎儿的持续感染，BVDV经胎盘的的感染机理尚不清楚。血液中少量的该病毒将足以造成胎儿的免疫耐受，为了遏止子宫感染和持续感染造成的恶性循环，采用的基本方法是注射疫苗保护胎儿。许多试验已通过了疫苗对胎儿抵抗自然感染和人工感染BVDV的保护试验。大多数灭活苗无法给胎儿供有效的保护。本项研究报道是关于减毒活病毒疫苗对胎儿可提供有效的保护，但对照组并没有对怀孕母牛做有价值的攻毒试验。当前，美国准许使用的疫苗并不要求对胎儿提供保护。本项研究的目的是确定BVDV减毒活病疫苗对胎儿感染非致细胞病变的1型BWDV提供的免疫保护。 相似文献
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猪瘟病毒（HCV）是研究和了解最为透彻的一种猪的病原,这是一种黄病毒科瘟疫病毒属成员。然而,猪可能感染的其它瘟疫病毒还包括：牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）和边界病病毒（BDV）。瘟疫病毒成员之间的抗原相关性的发现（Dar-byshire,1961）,促进了对猪自然感染和实验感染BVDV和BDV的深入研究。猪自然感染BVDV首次报道于1964年的澳大利亚,但是直到1973年才从自然感染猪体内分离到BVDV（Fernelius等,1973）。 相似文献
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牛病毒性腹泻在中国的流行现状分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
牛病毒性腹泻是由牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）引起的,主要侵害牛、羊、鹿、牦牛等反刍动物及猪的一种重要传染病。该病对畜牧业危害巨大,欧美等国家已经开始实施BVDV根除计划。该病在中国广泛流行,本文就BVDV在中国的流行状况进行分析和概述。 相似文献
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Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important pathogenic viruses which mainly causes bovine viral diarrhea disease (BVD). BVDV can not only cause serious clinical symptoms, but also lead to decrease of immunity of livestock and infect other pathogens, resulting in significant increase of morbidity and mortality of sick animals, and causes significant losses to the cattle industry. With the development of molecular biology theory and technology in recent years, the research on BVDV has been deepening, and some new understandings have been made to the molecular biology of the virus. In this paper, the progress of molecular biology of BVDV in recent years is described from three aspects of the composition and function of virus, the epidemic situation of BVDV gene and the genetic and mutation of BVDV gene. 相似文献
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Paul H. Walz Manuel F. Chamorro Shollie M. Falkenberg Thomas Passler Frank van der Meer Amelia R. Woolums 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(5):1690-1706
Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations across most of the world has remained elusive in spite of advances in knowledge about this viral pathogen. A central feature of virus perseverance in cattle herds is the unique mechanism of persistent infection. Managing BVDV infection in herds involves controlling persistently infected carrier animals using a multidimensional approach of vaccination, biosecurity, and identification of BVDV reservoirs. A decade has passed since the original American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement on BVDV. While much has remained the same with respect to clinical signs of disease, pathogenesis of infection including persistent infection, and diagnosis, scientific articles published since 2010 have led to a greater understanding of difficulties associated with control of BVDV. This consensus statement update on BVDV presents greater focus on topics currently relevant to the biology and control of this viral pathogen of cattle, including changes in virus subpopulations, infection in heterologous hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination. 相似文献
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A W McClurkin S R Bolin M F Coria 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1985,186(6):568-569
Both cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were isolated from 16 of 17 bovine spleens representing 11 herds that had experienced acute BVD and from 12 of 21 bovine spleens from 1 herd affected with chronic BVD. It was concluded that isolation of cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV from the same spleen probably indicates that an animal with a persistent, noncytopathic BVDV infection was superinfected with a cytopathic BVDV. The prevalence (greater than 70%) of 2 viruses in the spleen of cattle with acute or chronic BVD suggested that persistent infection with noncytopathic BVDV may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of BVD. 相似文献
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引起牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(bovine viral diarrhea—mucosal disease,BVD—MD)的病原为牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV),牛感染后会出现与其他腹泻病相似的症状,仅通过临床表现和病理观察很难做出准确鉴别;其次持续感染(PI)牛是该病主要传染源,如何鉴别、净化牛场中PI牛十分重要。为了检测BVDV病原和净化PI牛,选择一种最佳的检测方法非常重要。文章对目前常用的不同BVDV检测方法进行了比较分析。不同检测方法在敏感性、特异性等方面均存在差异。实际应用时应根据检测目的综合考虑,选择适宜的检测方法。 相似文献
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Cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV): emerging pestiviruses doomed to extinction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ernst Peterhans Claudia Bachofen Hanspeter Stalder Matthias Schweizer 《Veterinary research》2010,41(6)
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a Flaviviridae pestivirus, is arguably one of the most widespread cattle pathogens worldwide. Each of its two genotypes has two biotypes, non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). Only the ncp biotype of BVDV may establish persistent infection in the fetus when infecting a dam early in gestation, a time point which predates maturity of the adaptive immune system. Such fetuses may develop and be born healthy but remain infected for life. Due to this early initiation of fetal infection and to the expression of interferon antagonistic proteins, persistently infected (PI) animals remain immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. Although only accounting for some 1% of all animals in regions where BVDV is endemic, PI animals ensure the viral persistence in the host population. These animals may, however, develop the fatal mucosal disease, which is characterized by widespread lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Cp BVD virus, in addition to the persisting ncp biotype, can be isolated from such animals. The cp viruses are characterized by unrestrained genome replication, and their emergence from the persisting ncp ones is due to mutations that are unique in each virus analyzed. They include recombinations with host cell mRNA, gene translocations and duplications, and point mutations. Cytopathic BVD viruses fail to establish chains of infection and are unable to cause persistent infection. Hence, these viruses illustrate a case of “viral emergence to extinction” – irrelevant for BVDV evolution, but fatal for the PI host. 相似文献
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P H Walz J C Baker T P Mullaney J B Kaneene R K Maes 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1999,63(2):119-123
Some isolates of type II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are capable of causing severe clinical disease in cattle. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infection has been reported in pigs, but the ability of these more virulent isolates of type II BVDV to induce severe clinical disease in pigs is unknown. It was our objective to compare clinical, virologic, and pathologic findings between type I and type II BVDV infection in pigs. Noninfected control and BVDV-infected 2-month-old pigs were used. A noncytopathic type I and a noncytopathic type II BVDV isolate were chosen for evaluation in feeder age swine based upon preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments. A dose titration study was performed using 4 groups of 4 pigs for each viral isolate. The groups were inoculated intranasally with either sham (control), 10(3), 10(5), or 10(7) TCID50 of virus. The pigs were examined daily and clinical findings were recorded. Antemortem and postmortem samples were collected for virus isolation. Neither the type I nor type II BVDV isolates resulted in clinical signs of disease in pigs. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from antemortem and postmortem samples from groups of pigs receiving the 10(5) and the 10(7) TCID50 dose of the type I BVDV isolate. In contrast, BVDV was only isolated from postmortem samples in the group of pigs receiving the 10(7) TCID50 dose of the type II BVDV isolate. Type I BVDV was able to establish infection in pigs at lower doses by intranasal instillation than type II BVDV. Infection of pigs with a type II isolate of BVDV known to cause severe disease in calves did not result in clinically apparent disease in pigs. 相似文献