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在气候干旱的苏联东南部,包括盐渍土广泛分布的北高加索地区,高粱是有前途的饲料作物之一。多年来,我们研究了在育种工作中实际应用的测验法,于器官发生的早期阶段选择抗氯化物和硫酸盐高粱材料的可能性。该测验法的根据是植株形态生理性状间的数量相关关系。以70个粒用、糖用及饲用高粱品种样本(品种、杂交种、自交系及不育系)作研究材料,用营养法进行抗盐性鉴定。 相似文献
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高粱体细胞培养中不同基因型和外植体的反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高粱体细胞培养中不同基因型和外植体的反应石太渊，杨立国，张华，支萍（辽宁省农科院高粱所１１０１６１）自从Ｍａｓｔｅｌｌｅｔ于１９７０年首次成功地从高粱芽原基诱导愈伤组织并再生植株以来，各种基因型和外植体已先后通过细胞培养获得了再生植株。关于基因型对高... 相似文献
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The effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and exogenous application of compatible solutes on seed germination and root concentrations of sodium and potassium of two wheat varieties (Triticum durum L.) were evaluated under saline stress. In this experiment, Azotobacter vinelandii strain DSM85, glycine betaine and proline were used. Inoculated seeds for each variety were placed on Whatman paper in 9 cm Petri dishes containing 15 mL of distilled water or NaCl solutions at various concentrations (control, 100, 200, 300 mM) supplemented with or without glycine betaine (GB) or proline at 5 mM. The results indicated that addition of proline (5 mM) stimulated the production of indol acetic acid and the growth of A. vinelandii at 200 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The germination rate index and the germination final percentage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing salinity level. The germination was significantly diminished at 300 mM with significant variation among varieties and Waha variety had higher germination percentage than Bousselam variety. Inoculation of seeds by A. vinelandii and exogenous application of proline had significantly positive effect on the germination at this concentration of NaCl. The rate of accumulation of Na+ in roots was important at 100 mM and increased at 200 mM. The concentration of K+ decreased when salinity increased. The effect of inoculation or inoculation with proline decreased the accumulation of Na' and reduced the loss of K+ under salt stress. From the present study we can conclude that the use of A. vinelandii strain DSM85 and external application of low concentrations of proline on seeds might be considered as a strategy for the protection of plants under saline stress. 相似文献
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To obtain structurally novel and bioactive natural compounds from marine-derived microorganisms, the effect of high salt stress on secondary metabolite production in the marine-derived fungal strain, Spicaria elegans KLA-03, was investigated. The organism, which was isolated from marine sediment, produced different secondary metabolites when cultured in 3% and 10% saline conditions. Four characteristic metabolites, only produced in the 10% salinity culture, were isolated, and their structures were identified as (2E,2'Z)-3,3'-(6,6'-dihydroxybiphenyl-3,3'-diyl)diacrylic acid (1), aspulvinone E (2), aspochalasin E (3) and trichodermamide B (6), according to their 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 1 is a new compound. High salt stress may therefore be a promising means to induce the production of new and chlorinated compounds in halotolerant fungi. Compound 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.038 and 0.767 mM, respectively. 相似文献
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随着土壤盐碱地面积不断扩大,盐碱胁迫成为影响花生萌发的重要因素之一。为探究花生品种耐盐碱特性,筛选耐盐碱花生品种,以发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和盐害率为指标,益花1号、花育25号、花育39号、汾花1号、豫花37号为试验材料,分析NaCl、NaHCO3和NaCl+NaHCO3（1∶1）3种盐碱类型,4种胁迫浓度（0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%）对花生种子萌发的影响,对比分析各指标间的差异,并进行耐盐碱能力评价。研究结果表明,盐碱胁迫抑制种子萌发,随着盐碱溶液浓度增加发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均呈下降趋势,盐害率呈上升趋势,且NaCl+NaHCO3（1∶1）胁迫程度大于NaCl和NaHCO3,0.9%和1.2%浓度下种子不萌发。盐害等级划分结果与隶属函数综合评价结果显示,益花1号在3种盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱水平均较高,花育39号在各盐碱胁迫下耐盐碱性最差;益花1号为盐碱胁迫下的优势品种;新疆盐碱土壤类型主要为混合盐碱,综合各指标考虑,0.6%的胁迫浓度可作为评价各品种的耐盐碱性强弱的参考浓度。 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,39(2):231-245
Baking performance for bread and puff pastry was tested for Six European and two Canadian wheat cultivars and related to the rheological and fracture properties in uniaxial extension of optimally mixed flour–water doughs and doughs to which a mix of bakery additives was added. Extensive baking tests were performed as a function of water addition for puff pastry and as a function of water addition and mixing time for bread. For optimum baking performance, puff pastry doughs required lower water additions than bread doughs. Baking performance of the flours differed for the two products. For puff pastry, higher volumes were obtained per gram of flour than for bread. Puff pastry volume was positively correlated with optimum bread dough mixing time, while bread volume was not. Instead, bread volume was positively correlated with gluten protein content.All doughs exhibited strain hardening, a more than proportional increase of the stress with the strain. For all doughs fracture, stress and strain increased with increasing displacement speed of the hook and decreasing temperature. Large differences were observed between the cultivars regarding stress, strain hardening, strain rate-dependency of the stress, fracture stress and fracture strain. At both 25 and 45 °C, addition of a mix of bakery additives resulted in a decrease of the stress at relatively small strains and a significant increase of the strain hardening coefficient. Fracture strains remained the same or increased as a result of addition of the mix. Differences between flours regarding the strain rate and temperature-dependency of the fracture strain remained. The weaker the dough, the stronger the strain rate and temperature-dependency of the fracture strain.Puff pastry volume was positively correlated with strain hardening and negatively with the strain rate-dependency of the stress. In short, the stronger the dough, the higher the puff pastry volume. For bread, it were not the strongest doughs that gave the highest loaf volumes, but those with intermediate dough strength. Low volumes for puff pastry and bread were found for doughs having a low fracture stress and low strain hardening coefficients. Loaf volumes of flours with high dough strength (i.e. high stress-level and high strain hardening) gave intermediate loaf volumes. We concluded that a high stress can hamper the extensibility of dough films between gas cells, thus limiting the expansion of gas cells during fermentation and baking and hence the loaf volume that can be obtained. 相似文献
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苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻净光合速率日变化及其与影响因子的关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究了苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻剑叶净光合速率日变化及其与影响因子的相互关系,探讨了各因子对剑叶净光合速率的影响。非盐碱和盐碱胁迫下水稻剑叶净光合速率日变化均呈明显双峰曲线,第1次峰值分别出现在上午9：00~10：00和上午9：00,第2次峰值均在下午14：00,中午均出现光合的“午睡”现象,但盐碱胁迫显著降低一天中的净光合速率。相关分析和通径分析表明,9：00~13：00时非盐碱和盐碱胁迫下的水稻剑叶净光合速率与各影响因子的相关性质和相关程度有所不同;在非盐碱胁迫下,对净光合速率影响最大的是气孔导度,其次是气孔限制值,气孔因素是影响净光合速率变化的主要因子;在盐碱胁迫下,对净光合速率影响最大的因子是光强,其次是空气温度,非气孔因素占主导地位。 相似文献
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Abiotic stress confers serious damage to the photosynthetic machinery, often resulting in plant growth inhibition. Hypothetical chloroplast open reading frame 3 (Ycf3)-interacting protein 1 (Y3IP1) is a nucleus-encoded thylakoid protein and plays an essential role in the assembly of photosystem I. The full-length cDNA over-expresser (FOX) gene-hunting system is an approach using systemically generated gain-of-function mutants. Among the FOX-rice lines, a line CE175 overexpressing rice Y3IP1 gene (OsY3IP1) displayed less inhibition of root growth under saline (NaCl) stress. The expression of OsY3IP1 was up-regulated under saline and alkaline (Na2CO3) stresses in the rice variety Kitaake. After saline and alkaline treatments, transgenic Kitaake overexpressing OsY3IP1-GFP (OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit) displayed higher levels of chlorophyll content compared to Kitaake. Under the stress conditions, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry levels was higher in OsY3IP1-GFPox/Kit than in Kitaake. The increased tolerance conferred by OsY3IP1 overexpression correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species accumulation. Our data provide new insights into the possible role of OsY3IP1 in the pathway suppressing photooxidative damage under stress conditions. These features can be further exploited to improve saline and alkaline tolerances of rice plants in future. 相似文献
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根系内生细菌资源的开发与利用是绿色农业发展的研究重点，而盐碱地大豆根内生细菌的分离与鉴定鲜有报道。本文以大庆盐碱地大豆根系为材料，分离纯化大豆内生细菌，采用平板对峙法和比色法测定内生细菌的抑菌能力和分泌IAA能力，选取抑菌谱广且分泌IAA能力强的株菌，通过检测形态学特征、生理生化性质、结构基因和功能基因序列的系统发育分析，明确细菌的分类地位。结果表明从大庆盐碱地大豆根内分离获得的一株内生细菌DCX，对10种植物病原真菌均具有拮抗作用，其中，对玉米新月弯孢菌、大豆菌核病菌、稻瘟病菌、禾谷镰刀菌的抑菌率分别为50.00%、78.12%、56.25%、43.75%，分泌IAA的能力为2.56±0.41μg·mL-1（n=6）。经形态学、生理生化试验及系统进化分析鉴定，DCX菌株属于解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillus amyloliquefaciens），该菌株在pH11、NaCl浓度 10%的NA培养基中生长良好，可为盐碱地的作物病害防治提供资源。 相似文献
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以解淀粉芽胞杆菌NECC10723(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NECC10723,Bam723)和阿耶波多氏芽胞杆菌NECC10295(Bacillus aryabhattai NECC10295,Bar295)为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,探究接种不同芽胞杆菌对于玉米幼苗的生长指标、土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,盐碱胁迫下接种不同芽胞杆菌均对玉米幼苗起到不同程度的促生作用,Bam723和Bar295均在1×107cfu/mL浓度下促生效果最为显著,提高盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部及地下部干重和根冠比。土壤中施加Bam723可显著提升盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗种植土壤中的酶活和土壤养分含量,与对照处理相比,土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性分别提高19.31%、31.77%和45.78%;土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高137.54%、295.49%和3.19%,增加幅度均大于Bar295处理。 相似文献
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Effects of Soil Salinity and Alkalinity on Grain Quality of Tolerant,Semi-Tolerant and Sensitive Rice Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Soil salinity and alkalinity adversely affects the productivity and grain quality of rice.The grain quality of 19 rice genotypes characterized as salt tolerant (T),semi-tolerant (ST) and sensitive (S) was assessed in lysimeters containing saline and highly alkaline soils.Head rice recovery was reduced by salinity stress whereas it was not affected by alkalinity stress.The ratio of length to width (grain dimensions) was significantly reduced in the T genotype even at low electrical conductivity (EC,4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5),whereas in the ST genotype,it was significantly reduced at high salinity (EC 8 mS/cm).There was no significant effect of any levels of salinity or alkalinity on grain dimensions in the S genotype.Amylose content was significantly reduced in T and ST groups even at low EC (4 mS/cm) and alkalinity (pH 9.5) and the effect in the S genotype was only at high salinity.Starch content showed significant reduction at high salinity and alkalinity (EC 8 mS/cm and pH 9.8) in the T and ST genotypes and no significant effect was observed in the S genotype.The effect of both levels of salinity (EC 4 and 8 mS/cm) and high alkalinity (pH 9.8) on gel consistency was observed only in the S genotype.The tolerant genotypes IR36 under high salinity,and CSR10 and CSR11 under alkali stress showed less reduction in amylose content.The T genotype BR4-10,and ST genotypes CSR30,CSR29 and CSR13 showed better gel consistency under saline and alkali stress.Amylose content was affected even at low salinity stress and thus important to be considered in breeding rice for salt tolerance.Overall,the grain quality of T and ST genotypes was less affected by saline and alkali stress compared to S ones. 相似文献
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混合盐碱胁迫对高粱幼苗的影响 总被引：46，自引：0，他引：46
用50，100，200，300mmol/L含有不同比例NaCl,Na2SO4,NaHCO3和Na2CO3的混合盐溶液对高粱（Sorghum bicolor L.）幼苗进行混合盐碱胁迫处理。测定高粱幼苗存活率、相对生长率、相对含水量、相对根系活力以及电解质外渗率等胁变指标。结果表明：上述各项胁变反应均随盐浓度和碱性盐比例增加而加剧，由碱性盐造成的高pH所致的胁变效应与盐浓度之间相关：即低盐度时pH作用较小，随盐度增大其作用加剧。在碱胁迫较弱时胁变主要受盐度影响，随碱胁迫增大pH成为影响胁变的主要因素。在高盐高碱条件下，盐胁迫与碱胁迫间具有协同作用。 相似文献