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<正>1清醒地认识几个问题1.1禁抗限抗减抗,大势所趋,大局已定2018年4月27日,农业农村部兽医局冯忠武局长表示,药物饲料添加剂将于2020年全部退出。农业农村部确定了各地2018年兽用抗菌药使用减量化行动试点养殖场数量。明确了养殖端减抗和限抗的时间表。以上说明,我国正在加速饲料中无抗化、养殖端减抗和限抗化的进程。绿色养殖不仅是大势所趋,而且已经大局 相似文献
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禁抗减抗限抗,中国家兔饲料何去何从 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国养兔杂志》2019,(1)
本文针对目前我国饲料端禁抗、养殖端减抗和限抗的严峻形势,就家兔养殖特别是中国家兔饲料产业如何应对提出建议。首先,要清醒地认识到,国家对于抗生素的限制使用、减少使用,甚至禁止使用的文件已经发布,兔业养殖人员,必须要有不使用抗生素也可以养好兔子的信心,同时,要将禁抗减抗限抗作为兔业人员共同的责任。其次,要清楚发展中国家兔饲料存在的问题,并采取积极的措施,提高兔饲料的质量。第三,养兔是一项系统工程,需要人员、环境、饲料、技术、药物的相互配合方能发展的越来越好。 相似文献
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北京玖鹤生物科技有限公司 《北方牧业》2021,(8)
为了减少抗生素滥用,维护公共卫生安全,绿色健康畜产品是现代养殖业发展趋势.研究减抗、替抗饲料,符合国家对饲料和饲料添加剂的政策要求,从根本上解决抗菌药物滥用.研究选用中草药做替抗饲料.
随着人们生活水平提高,人们不仅对畜禽产品的需求量迅速上升,对其质量和安全性的要求也越来越高,加上我国禁抗的法规文件的相继出台,这些都标志着我国对食品安全问题的重视程度已经到了一个新的高度,未来的畜牧业必将踏上可持续发展之路.在这样的大环境驱使下,饲料、养殖行业未来实现全面限抗、禁抗将是大势所趋. 相似文献
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在畜牧业发展的早期,由于技术水平和养殖条件的限制,动物生产性能较低,发病率和死亡率偏高,影响了畜牧业的发展。Moore等在1946年首次报道了在饲料中添加抗生素,能明显提高肉鸡的日增重,随后,1950年美国食品与药品管理局（FDA）首次批准抗生素用作饲料添加剂,我国原农业部于1994年首次发布了饲料药物添加剂允许使用品种目录。抗生素作为猪只的促生长添加剂在国内外被广泛应用,先后经历了人畜共用、人畜分开和饲用抗生素3个发展阶段,实践证明,其抗菌、促生长效果显著,为养猪业的发展做出了巨大贡献。然而,在抗生素的长期使用过程中,由于一些猪场不严格遵守停药期,发生了抗生素超量添加、滥用等现象,引发的问题越来越严重,如耐药性、畜产品中抗生素残留和环境污染等。因此,不同国家相继出台法令,限制和禁止抗生素促生长药物添加剂在饲料中使用（见图1）,我国也于2020年7月1日实施饲料“禁抗”条例。从国外禁抗后的养猪实践说明,猪的肠道健康和免疫力的提升是替抗的关键,必须采取综合的替抗措施,才能保持猪只的生产性能。人们要关注猪只的精准营养需要,并适当优化饲料的营养结构、优化原料和添加剂选择、优化组合与加工,提升饲养管理水平,改善饲养条件,保障生物安全等多措并举,现在欧洲各国的养猪业的效益已重回世界巅峰。文章主要就无抗饲料的营养与饲料关键技术进行阐述,旨在为处于“禁抗”时代的我国猪场提供养殖建议。 相似文献
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在畜禽养殖减抗、禁抗的背景下,替抗产品的开发和应用似乎非中草药莫属,实践证明中草药饲料添加剂代替抗生素作动物抑菌促生长剂是可行的,不仅可以获得良好的防病抗病和促生长效果,而且也解决了抗药性和药残问题。但是中草药由于种类繁多、成分复杂,栽培、加工、运输、保存、环节多,作用机理不明,以及质量控制标准不完善等,将中草药替代抗生素用于畜禽养殖前路慢慢且千沟万壑。 相似文献
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随着现代社会的发展,集约化养殖成为主流趋势,抗生素的缺失往往会给养殖者带来巨大损失。但是,长期以来,抗生素滥用导致的细菌耐药性和药物残留问题日益严峻。随着我国2020年饲料添加剂类的抗生素的禁用,寻找高速、有效的抗生素替代品成为养殖业急需解决的重要问题。近年来,涌现出的各种饲料添加剂,如酸化剂、微生态制剂、酶制剂、植物提取物、抗菌肽等均表现出良好的杀菌、抑菌、促进动物生长、提高免疫力的效果,为抗生素替代提供了解决思路。文章对近年来一些抗生素替代品在生猪养殖方面的研究应用情况进行了综述,为替抗用饲料添加剂使用提供参考。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2015,(3)
Use of feed antibiotics as growth promoters for control of pathogens associated with monogastric food animal morbidity and mortality has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has now become a threat to public health on a global scale. Presently, a number of alternative feed additives have been developed and are divided into two major categories, including 1) the ones that are supposed to directly and indirectly control pathogenic bacterial proliferation; and 2) the other ones that are intended to up-regulate host gut mucosal trophic growth, whole body growth performance and active immunity. A thorough review of literature reports reveal that efficacy responses of current alternative feed additives in replacing feed antibiotics to improve performances and gut health are generally inconsistent dependent upon experimental conditions. Current alternative feed additives typically have no direct detoxification effects on endotoxin lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and this is likely the major reason that their effects are limited. It is now understood that pathogenic bacteria mediate their negative effects largely through LPS interactions with toll-like receptor 4, causing immune responses and infectious diseases. Therefore, disruptive biological strategies and a novel and new generation of feed additives need to be developed to replace feed antibiotic growth promoters and to directly and effectively detoxify the endotoxin LPS and improve gut health and performance in monogastric food animals. 相似文献
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替代抗生素饲料添加剂研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(3):39-42
抗生素作为主要的饲料添加剂在几十年的广泛应用过程中造成了致病菌耐药性增强、动物免疫力降低、影响动物疫苗的效价、通过食物链影响人体健康等亟待解决的问题。我国农业农村部已发布公告,自2020年起我国饲料全面禁止添加使用抗生素类添加剂,饲料行业正式进入“无抗时代”。长期以来,研究人员积极寻求研发各种抗生素替代品及绿色无害的饲料添加剂,以消除或减轻禁用抗生素带来的一系列影响。就目前主要抗生素替代品的抗菌特点及抗菌机理进行综述,旨在为“禁抗”后抗菌性添加剂在饲料中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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饲料“禁抗”势在必行，行业如何应对？ 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
抗生素自问世以来,在防治动物疾病、促进畜禽健康生长,提高养殖效益方面发挥了重要作用。但随着抗生素的不规范使用甚至滥用,药物残留和动物源细菌耐药性等问题逐渐浮出水面,给动物源性食品安全和公共卫生安全带来风险隐患。对此,农业农村部发布公告,实施促生长类药物饲料添加剂退出行动(简称饲料"禁抗")。从长期发展来看,饲料"禁抗"对行业可持续发展有积极正向作用,但短期对饲料养殖行业会带来一定的冲击。饲料"禁抗"是提高动物源性食品安全和公共卫生安全水平,促进畜牧业持续健康发展的必然要求,无论是饲料企业,还是养殖场户,应以冷静积极的心态面对,积极找寻饲用抗生素减量替代方案,并加速推广应用,以助力养殖业绿色健康发展,满足人们对安全优质动物源性食品的需求。 相似文献
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《动物营养（英文）》2021,7(3):896-904
In the last few years, feed additives have been used in animal nutrition to improve nutrient utilization, health parameters and animal performance. However, the use of antibiotics as feed additives has allowed the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which can bring as a consequence, an increase in the morbidity and mortality of diseases that were previously treatable with antibiotics. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have appeared as a promising strategy because they have multiple biological activities and represent a powerful strategy to prevent the development of resistant microorganisms. Despite the small number of studies applied in vivo, AMP appear as a potent alternative to the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition, due to an increase in feed efficiency and the prevention/treatment of some animal diseases. This review discusses the problems associated with antimicrobial resistance and the use of AMP as a strong candidate to replace conventional antibiotics, mainly in the animal industry. 相似文献
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R. Ferrando 《Livestock Production Science》1979,6(1):67-92
Animal feed additives have been used for many years. They have played a part in meeting the increasing demand for animal products due to industrialization and urbanization while the useful agricultural areas and the number of agricultural workers were decreasing.The biological and economic advantages of feed additives are well known. They allow the sanitary drawbacks of great overcrowding of animals to be palliated. Those advantages exist in spite of improvements in the quality of the diet and in the environment. They have been diminishing but remain real. They save feed, protein, time and worry for the farmer.However, several objections have been raised against the use of feed additives. They are more theoretical than actual. The problem of residues is discussed. It appears without foundation when the watchfulness of the national and international organizations controlling the use of feed additives is taken into consideration. The problem of transferable drug resistance through the plasmids, especially in Enterobacteria, is more relevant to microbial ecology than to the utilization of antibiotics or even of copper salts.All things considered, the balance is in favour of the use of feed additives. 相似文献