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1.
积灰和光照强度对光伏组件输出功率的影响 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
针对农业光伏设备积灰严重导致发电量降低的问题,该文采用人工布灰的室内试验方式,利用太阳能全自动模拟跟踪装置,研究灰尘粒径、积灰密度和光照强度对光伏组件输出功率的影响规律,建立了输出功率减小率预测模型,并在室外自然光照下进行模型验证。结果表明:光伏组件输出功率减少率随积灰密度的增大而增大,但增长速度逐渐变缓;当积灰密度相同时,光伏组件输出功率减小率随灰尘粒径的增大而减小,当光照强度为18 300 lux、积灰密度为10 g/m2时,0～38、38～75、75～110和110～150μm粒径组对应输出功率减小率分别为15.96%、12.51%、8.16%和5.39%。双因素方差分析结果表明,灰尘粒径、积灰密度及两者交互作用对输出功率减小率影响显著,光照强度对输出功率减小率影响不显著。通过理论分析,提出了基于遮挡效果相同的不同颗粒级配灰尘的等效粒径的概念和计算公式,进一步利用多项式拟合,建立了光伏组件输出功率减小率随积灰密度和等效粒径变化的计算模型(R2=0.986)。利用太阳能水肥一体化装置对计算模型进行验证,误差绝对值均小于1.5%,表明模型具有很好的实际应用价值。该模型可为光伏农业设备中供电系统的优化配置提供设计依据。 相似文献
2.
荒漠环境中电池板表面灰尘颗粒力学模型建立 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
高海拔荒漠地区电池板表面积灰严重制约着光伏发电效率和光伏组件寿命。该文在分析表面能的基础上,假设接触不变形条件下,依据宏观分子间作用理论分析提出了电池板表面灰尘颗粒粘附受力模型。结合青海共和地区电池板表面灰尘主要成分和粒径组成,给出了灰尘受力参数;计算了灰尘颗粒所受的范德华力、静电力及重力,给出由参数改变引起的灰尘受力的变化规律。结果表明：当灰尘颗粒半径较小时,颗粒与电池板间的主要粘附力为范德华力,当灰尘颗粒半径较大时,重力分量则成为主导粘附力,粘附合力取值范围为10-10～10-8 N;Lifshitz常数和分子间平均间距主要影响的是范德华力;灰尘颗粒总的静电力随灰尘颗粒半径的增大而增大,静电力的取值小于范德华力和重力分量。对灰尘粘附受力大小及其规律的研究,为高海拔荒漠地区光伏除尘提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
作为模拟双吸离心泵内固液两相流的一种常用方法,欧拉-欧拉法中的泥沙扩散系数常通过多种模型进行计算。为选择适宜的泥沙扩散系数模型进而提高固液两相流数值计算的精度,该研究采用3种常见泥沙扩散系数模型Non-diffusion coefficient model（NON-DC）;Diffusion-in-volume of fluid model（Diffusion-in-VOF）;Diffusion coefficient affected by particle diameter and particle concentration model （DC-PDPC）,在25、100和200 μm 3种含沙粒径和不同流量(0.6和1.0倍额定流量)条件下,对双吸离心泵内固液两相流场进行数值模拟,分析其对泵内固相浓度和固相速度的定常和非定常结果的影响。结果表明：1）当颗粒粒径不大于100 μm时,3种模型计算得到的双吸离心泵内固液两相流的固相浓度和速度定常结果基本相同;当颗粒粒径大于100 μm时,定常结果有所差异,随着颗粒粒径的增大,差异逐渐增大,差别最大可达60%。2）在不同颗粒粒径的条件下,采用3种模型得到的固液两相流场的固相浓度和速度非定常结果差异较大,且随着颗粒粒径的增大,差异逐渐增大,差别最大可达30%。含沙颗粒粒径不大于100 μm时,3种模型得到的定常结果基本相同;而大于100 μm时,定常结果差异较大;同样地,在不同含沙粒径条件下的非定常计算结果也差异较大,需要选择合适的泥沙扩散系数模型。3）定常计算时,当颗粒粒径不大于100 μm时,推荐NON-DC模型;随着颗粒粒径的增大,推荐使用DC-PDPC模型;当非定常计算时,推荐使用DC-PDPC模型。研究为准确地进行离心泵内固液两相流数值计算提供参考。 相似文献
4.
土壤是由不同粒径颗粒组成的,各粒径颗粒的性质差异大、在土壤中的空间位置不同。为了研究它们各自碳的变化差异,评估这些颗粒在土壤有机碳稳定和周转中的作用。选择亚热带阔叶林土壤,采用物理分组的方法,获得不同粒径土壤颗粒（>2 000、2 000~250、250~53、<53、53~20、20~2、<2μm）,与全土等重量开展矿化试验,研究碳矿化量差异、主要碳形态变化及其相互关系,反向探究不同粒径颗粒在全土壤中的作用。结果表明,不同粒径颗粒按照质量比例作为权重计算的CO2累积排放量、全碳、C/N、芳香性指数、游离氧化铁含量占全土的95.0%~101.8%。<2 μm和20~2 μm土壤颗粒CO2累积排放量显著高于其他颗粒和全土。全土及各颗粒土壤CO2累积排放量与比表面积、总孔隙体积、全碳、土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC, Dissolved organic carbon）、 土壤微生物生物量碳 (Soil microbial biomass carbon, MBC)、易氧化碳、游离氧化铁呈正相关性,而与C/N呈负相关性。通过对不同粒径颗粒16个指标降维分析,综合特征指数显示<2 μm和20~2 μm颗粒最高,即它们的综合作用最大。因此,全土壤的碳变化可追溯到土壤不同粒径颗粒碳的不同变化及关系,且土壤小粒径的团聚或被大粒径颗粒包闭可能是降低全土碳矿化的机理之一,有利于维持全土壤碳的稳定或增加保存。 相似文献
5.
离心泵仿生减阻增效涂层的涂覆工艺参数优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
仿生减阻功能表面应用于离心式水泵关键零部件的过流部位,可显著提升水泵效率。仿生减阻增效功能表面以海豚皮肤为仿生原形,包含刚性基底和涂层2部分,一般由高黏性聚氨酯在刚性基底表面浇注生成功能表面涂层。涂层厚度对泵效率影响最为显著,由于聚氨酯高黏性特征和传统涂覆工艺技术的限制,很难在叶轮复杂流道表面实现高效、高质的涂覆。针对上述难题,该文利用自制旋转涂覆设备,通过对聚氨酯材料的浇注温度、设备旋转速度、涂覆持续时间的优化控制涂层厚度,建立拟合方程并进行试验验证。试验结果表明,以200QJ50-26水泵叶轮为载体,影响功能表面涂层厚度的主次因素依次为设备旋转速度、浇注温度、涂覆持续时间。通过拟合方程预测出叶轮流道内表面涂层厚度为0.5 mm时的最佳涂覆参数组合:涂覆时间53.7 s、旋转速度401 rad/min、浇注温度90.1℃。涂覆试验检验结果表明,利用上述优化工艺参数控制的功能表面涂层厚度与拟合方程计算厚度相比,误差小于5%,计算结果可靠。研究结果可为离心泵仿生减阻增效功能表面面层材料涂覆的工程化施工提供参考。 相似文献
6.
为解决发动机排气管在排气温度较低时出现的尿素结晶问题,该研究从改进尿素水溶液（Urea Water Solution,UWS）雾化效果角度进行分析,搭建UWS喷射雾化试验台架,利用智能温控仪提供恒温壁面,利用高速摄像机记录UWS碰撞不同温度壁面的过程,采用激光粒度仪探究UWS以30°入射角分别碰撞常温（20 ℃）、100、150和200 ℃温度壁面后,近壁面处液滴粒径随时间的变化趋势。结果表明：不同壁面温度条件下,液滴的索特平均直径（Sauter Mean Diameter,SMD）大小呈''M''形分布,测试空间内的SMD整体变化趋势一致,随着壁面温度的升高,SMD逐渐减小。UWS与不同温度壁面碰撞的初期,常温（20 ℃）壁面的主射区液滴粒径在120～180 μm,反射区液滴粒径在100～120 μm;壁面温度为100 ℃时,主射区液滴粒径在120～140 μm,反射区液滴粒径在90～110 μm;壁面温度为150 ℃时,主射区液滴粒径在100～120 μm,反射区液滴粒径在80～100 μm,壁面温度为200 ℃时,主射区液滴粒径集中在50～70 μm,反射区液滴粒径在30～50 μm,随着时间的延长,液滴粒径逐渐减小,最后保持稳定。随着壁面温度的升高,测试空间内液滴粒径随时间延长而减小的速度增加,雾化效果更好,壁面残留物经历了由尿素水溶液到尿素晶体、再到熔融态尿素晶体、最后为少量白色粉尘（氰酸聚合物）4个阶段。UWS形成的壁面液膜随着壁面温度的升高逐渐减小,当壁面温度较高时则不会有液膜形成。研究结果可为解决排气管内尿素结晶问题提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
咸阳市区街道灰尘粒度特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2008年4月咸阳市区采集的街道灰尘样品进行了粒度分析.结果表明,咸阳市街道灰尘粒度呈双峰分布特征,第一众数为35～75μm,第二众数为280～500μm,平均粒径为80μm;峰态较宽而且比较对称,分选性较好,与黄土和现代尘暴降尘的粒度分布模式相似.街道灰尘样品粒度由北西至南东无明显规律变化.街道灰尘沉积是由于大气环流对远、近不同距离粗细颗粒物的混合搬运的结果,应是风积作用的继续.在适当的大气动力条件下,咸阳市街道灰尘颗粒大约有56.7%可以进入大气悬浮搬运. 相似文献
8.
为提高农机装备传动齿轮于润滑条件恶劣、变速、重载工况下的抗胶合承载性能,该研究将表面涂层强化技术应用于啮合齿面。首先,基于齿轮啮合原理、摩擦学、热力学等理论,建立涂层与齿轮接触特性、胶合承载能力关系数学模型,分析不同膜基弹性模量比下系统应力场的分布特点,阐明齿面摩擦系数对油膜厚度、瞬时接触温度的影响规律,为择取齿面抗胶合涂层提供理论参考。由此进一步对标准钢球表面分别沉积含钨ta-C和a-C:H碳膜,通过四球法评价涂层材料摩擦学性能,并在FZG(Forschungsstelle für Zahnr?der und Getriebesysteme)传动试验台上对两种涂层齿轮进行耐胶合试验。结果表明：与无涂层齿轮相比,碳膜摩擦副跑合性更好,其中a-C:H涂层的sp2 C-C键含量高于ta-C,具有更低的摩擦系数(0.055～0.058);ta-C涂层齿轮抗胶合承载能力提高了2个FZG载荷级,a-C:H涂层齿轮至少提升了4个载荷级;ta-C齿面展现为涂层剥落后的磨粒磨损和黏着磨损;且无涂层齿面与ta-C齿面均显示出热胶合与微点蚀损伤竞争性关系,并兼存齿面塑性变形;而a-C... 相似文献
9.
为了将纳米纤维素优良的阻隔性能在食品包装材料上进行应用研究,该试验通过将纳米纤维素(cellulose nanocrystals,CNs)涂层在4种软包装基材上进行涂覆并对其性能进行评价。研究结果表明,纳米纤维素均匀的涂覆在4种基材表面,且与原始基材相比,带涂层材料表面的摩擦系数显著降低,隔氧能力得到了显著的提升,但是CNs涂覆方式并未能很好的改善复合膜的光学性能。试验结果表明带CNs涂层的取向聚酰胺薄膜(oriented polyamide,OPA)制得的复合膜隔氧效果最好,其隔氧系数为0.003 cm3·μm/(m2·24h·k Pa),相比于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜(poly ethylene terephthalate),PET),赛璐玢薄膜(cellophane,CELL),定向聚丙烯薄膜(oriented polypropylene,OPP)3种基材,其隔氧系数显著降低。应用隔氧系数最高的取向聚酰胺薄膜(oriented polyamide,OPA)制作的隔氧膜对鲜切苹果进行包装保鲜,在温度为3~5℃条件下贮藏4 d,与对照组相比,以OPA为基底的隔氧复合膜在第4 d时的亮度值提高了11.7%,且其营养成分指标可滴定酸、维生素C含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提高了1.05倍、42.6%和36.2%。本研究制得的复合膜隔氧性能优异,可以较为显著的增强原始基材的隔氧效果进而延长了对氧气较为敏感食品的货架期。 相似文献
10.
为探究微塑料对土壤持水性能的影响,选用粒径为1 mm和25 μm的聚乙烯微塑料（PE—MPs）颗粒进行土培处理后,采用高速离心机法测得不同处理下的土壤水分特征曲线,并使用Gardner模型进行拟合分析。结果表明：（1）土壤中累积少量的PE—MPs （0~5.00 g/kg）能增强土壤持水性,但当累积量超过一定阈值（5.00~50.00 g/kg）会导致土壤持水能力显著降低。（2）1 mm大粒径PE—MPs大量积累对土壤持水性的降低效应更显著;25 μm小粒径PE—MPs少量积累对土壤持水性的提升效应更显著。（3）1 mm大粒径PE—MPs进入土壤后主要影响大孔隙与有效孔隙,对土壤有效含水率的影响较大;25 μm小粒径PE—MPs进入土壤后主要影响微小孔隙,对萎焉系数影响较大。该研究可为高农膜残留地区水分迁移模拟和农业生态风险评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献