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1.
谷子摩擦特性试验及其影响因素分析   总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3  
为了给谷子机械化播种、收获、加工、储运等作业装备设计及相关技术应用提供摩擦特性参数,该文运用自制的小籽粒休止角测定装置、摩擦系数仪、直剪仪等试验设备,测定了含水率分别为10.7%、13.7%、16.0%、19.8%的谷子的形态尺寸和休止角、滑动摩擦系数、内摩擦系数等摩擦特性参数。分别分析了含水率对谷子各摩擦力学特性参数的影响规律,不同接触材料对谷子滑动摩擦系数的影响,以及剪切速度和垂直应力对谷子内摩擦系数的影响规律。试验结果表明：含水率的变化对谷子形态尺寸的影响不显著（P>0.05）;谷子休止角随含水率增加而线性增大（R2=0.9875）;谷子与钢板、铁板、亚克力板间的动、静滑动摩擦系数均随含水率的增加而线性增大（R2≥0.9795）,与钢板间的滑动摩擦系数最小,亚克力板次之,铁板最高;谷子内摩擦系数受剪切速度的影响并不显著（P>0.05）,随着含水率的增加而线性增大（R2≥0.908）,随着垂直应力的增大而减小。研究结果可为谷子机械化装备的研发与设计提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
谷子籽粒压缩力学性质及损伤裂纹形成机理   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  
在谷子联合收获机及谷子加工机械装备设计研制中需要掌握谷子籽粒的基本物性参数和力学性质,以及受压致谷子谷壳与米粒损伤及裂纹形成过程,从而确定和优化工作参数.为此该文测定了不同含水率下(25.1％,20.9％,17.5％,15.2％)4种优质谷子品种(晋谷21,张杂10号,吨谷,长谷)籽粒的基本物性参数,包括千粒质量、三轴尺寸等,并研究了不同含水率、品种和压缩方位(长度、宽度和高度方向的压缩方位)对谷子籽粒的压缩力学性质的影响,对试验数据进行了多响应完全随机区组分析.结果表明:同一品种谷子籽粒的长、宽、高、千粒质量、算数平均径、几何平均径均随含水率的降低而减小,不同品种间的物性参数差异显著(P＜0.001);影响屈服载荷、变形量、破坏能以及表观弹性模量的主要因子依次是压缩方位、含水率、品种.对于同一种谷子,籽粒的长度、宽度和高度方位压缩时的屈服载荷和表观弹性模量都随着含水率的升高而减小,压缩变形量和破坏能随着含水率的降低呈先减小后增大的趋势.长度、宽度和高度方位压缩时,损伤裂纹的形成过程及发生机理、扩展形态和部位均不同,分别是:从籽粒的尖冠处沿着胚和胚乳连接处扩展,形成几乎贯穿籽粒长度方向的裂纹:从上下两接触点处由应力集中形成的贯穿籽粒宽度方向的裂纹;从腹面的种脐处沿胚乳抗压性最弱的部位延伸且贯穿籽粒一半的裂纹.研究结果为谷子播种,联合收获机及相关加工机械的设计、参数优化提供依据.  相似文献   

3.
不同含水率对谷子籽粒压缩力学性质与摩擦特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：7，他引：2  
为了探明不同含水率谷子籽粒的物理机械性质,减少谷子籽粒在播种、碾米加工及储运等过程中受到压缩载荷及摩擦而产生的机械损伤,该文针对不同含水率的谷子籽粒进行压缩力学性质与摩擦特性试验。研究了谷子籽粒的挤压破碎过程,获得不同含水率谷子籽粒的力-位移（变形）曲线,破坏力、变形量及破坏能。随着含水率升高,破坏力减小,变形量和破坏能呈现先降低后升高的变化规律。同时采用赫兹接触理论,得到谷子籽粒单向表观弹性模量和许用挤压应力,结果表明二者都随含水率升高线性降低。分别测定了谷子籽粒与钢板和铝板间的滑动摩擦系数,随含水率升高,谷子与该2种材料的摩擦系数均增大,且与铝板的摩擦系数要高于钢板。根据试验结果,分别拟合得到了压缩和摩擦力学性能指标与谷子含水率的关系方程,为谷子播种、仓储、加工等装备设计及参数优化提供了基础依据。  相似文献   

4.
不同温度及含水率稻米籽粒加工过程破裂载荷分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
稻米籽粒在收获后干燥、仓储和碾米加工过程中受到不同程度压缩载荷,过大压缩载荷将造成籽粒发生破裂(爆腰),从而降低稻米整米率和经济价值。籽粒压缩破裂载荷是稻谷加工1个重要物性参数,该文从统计学角度对稻米籽粒压缩破裂载荷进行试验研究。通过机械压缩测量试验及大样本分析,得到稻米籽粒在同一温度、含水率下,其压缩破裂载荷存在统计分布特性。定义并采用稻米籽粒中值F50和大端破裂载荷F90表征稻米压缩破裂载荷;在低温低含水率(16℃,14%)时,稻米籽粒的中值F50为63 N,F90为80 N。研究了稻米加工过程两大重要工艺参数-温度和含水率对籽粒破裂载荷的影响,发现破裂载荷随温度升高而下降,随含水率下降而增大;相比温度,含水率对破裂载荷影响更大。当稻米从高温高含水率(60℃,21%)到低温低含水率(16℃,14%)时,其由橡胶态转变为玻璃态,相应地破裂载荷从35增加到80 N。统计学意义下稻米压缩破裂载荷数值接近生产实际,更能精确指导稻米加工过程优化和产品品质提高。  相似文献   

5.
土壤容重和含水率对紫色土坡耕地耕层抗剪强度的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  
土壤抗剪强度既可评价土壤侵蚀敏感性,也是反映耕层土壤耕作性能的重要参数。不同剪切方式下土壤抗剪强度指标存在一定差异,以紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤为研究对象,采用室内重塑土三轴及直剪试验方法,研究容重和含水率对紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤抗剪强度的影响,并分析了2种试验方法的差异性。结果表明:(1)紫色土坡耕地耕层土壤黏聚力(c)总体随容重(ρd)增大而增加,随含水率(w)增加而减小,三轴及直剪试验条件下黏聚力最大值均出现在容重1.4 g/cm^3、含水率10%水平下,分别为32.33,21.78 kPa。耕层土壤内摩擦角(φ)随容重增加而增大,随含水率增大而减小,三轴及直剪试验条件下内摩擦角最大值均出现在容重1.4 g/cm^3、含水率10%水平下,分别为22.67°,29.11°。(2)在同一围压下,耕层土壤最大主应力差随容重增加而增大,随含水率增加而减小;在同一容重和含水率水平下,耕层土壤的最大主应力差随着围压升高而增大。(3)耕层土壤容重、含水率的交互作用对黏聚力和内摩擦角影响显著(P<0.05),对坡耕地耕层土壤抗剪强度抵抗侵蚀作用的最优土壤容重-含水率条件为1.4 g/cm^3—10%。(4)不同剪切方式影响了土体抗剪强度指标,耕层土壤黏聚力在三轴试验条件下大于或接近直剪试验结果,而土壤内摩擦角则明显小于直剪试验结果,这主要与两种剪切试验原理差异有关。  相似文献   

6.
玉米种子的跌落式冲击试验   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  
为降低玉米种子脱粒过程中的机械损伤,掌握玉米籽粒冲击破碎机理,在跌落式冲击试验台上,对不同品种的玉米籽粒进行了冲击破碎试验,分析了在不同籽粒含水率、不同冲击位置下玉米种子籽粒的力学性质。试验结果表明：籽粒破碎的最大冲击力随籽粒含水率的增加而降低;玉米籽粒在不同冲击面下所能承受的最大冲击力有显著差异,在同一籽粒含水率下,腹面承受的最大冲击力最大,侧面次之,顶面最小;在同一冲击面下,不同品种玉米籽粒抵抗冲击破裂的能力不同,其原因与籽粒的内部结构、形状等因素有关。研究成果对进一步研究玉米种子的力学性质、损伤机理、开发有序脱粒工艺具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

7.
容重变化与土壤水分特征的依赖关系研究   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5  
通过石蜡固定容积方法,用离心机测定黄土高原典型两种扰动土壤不同压实容重下的水分特征曲线,采用Brooks-Corey模型对实验数据进行拟合.分析容重对模型参数和土壤持水性能的依赖关系.结果表明:随着土壤容重的增大,同一吸力下的有效饱和度增大,土壤水分特征曲线坡度越平缓.Brooks-Corey模型参数λ随容重的增大而减小,参数α随容重的增大而减小.且容重与参数α,λ可用幂函数和线性关系来描述.随着压实程度的增加,土壤的最大有效水含量却明显减少.因此,土壤压实使得其对水分的调节能力下降·降低土壤的水分存储能力,不利于植物生长.  相似文献   

8.
冰草种子物性参数测定与离散元仿真参数标定   总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2  
为了提高冰草种子丸化包衣过程离散元仿真模拟试验所用参数的准确度，该研究通过物理试验和仿真试验相结合的方法对仿真参数进行标定。首先，采用物理试验的方法测定冰草种子的基本物性参数（外形尺寸、千粒重、密度、含水率、泊松比、弹性模量和剪切模量）和接触参数（静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数和碰撞恢复系数），参考物理试验测定结果选择仿真试验参数取值范围，采用Plackett-Burman试验对仿真参数进行显著性筛选，筛选试验结果表明：冰草种子-冰草种子静摩擦系数、滚动摩擦系数、碰撞恢复系数对仿真试验休止角有显著性影响。进一步通过最陡爬坡试验确定3个显著性参数最优取值范围，并根据Box-Behnken设计试验得到显著性参数与休止角的二阶回归模型，以物理试验实测的休止角30.54°为优化目标值获得最优参数组合：冰草种子-冰草种子静摩擦系数为0.57、冰草种子-冰草种子滚动摩擦系数为0.74、冰草种子-冰草种子碰撞恢复系数为0.54。最后对物理试验休止角和仿真试验休止角进行双样本T检验得出P>0.05，结果表明仿真得到的休止角与物理试验值无显著性差异，且最优参数组合下仿真试验休止角结果30.86°与物理试验休止角结果30.54°的相对误差为1.037%，进一步验证了仿真试验的可靠性。研究结果表明标定所得的最优参数可用于冰草种子丸化包衣过程的离散元仿真试验。  相似文献   

9.
品种及含水率对谷子籽粒力学性质的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
谷子籽粒群是具有黏弹性性质的生物材料,谷子加工储藏和机械收获等作业环节需考虑其黏弹性,该文研究了不同品种、不同含水率对谷子籽粒群黏弹性力学指标的影响。该试验以不同品种、不同含水率为试验因素,以谷子籽粒群的瞬时弹性模量、迟滞弹性模量、松弛时间和黏度系数为试验指标进行蠕变试验,并对试验结果进行方差分析。结果表明:谷子籽粒群的蠕变特性可由四元件Burgers模型描述,不同含水率、不同品种谷子籽粒群的蠕变参数各异。品种对谷子籽粒群的迟滞弹性模量影响显著,晋谷21号谷子籽粒群的迟滞弹性模量均值为0.609 3 MPa,显著高于张杂10号的0.522 2 MPa。含水率对谷子籽粒群的瞬时弹性模量、迟滞弹性模量和黏度系数影响均显著,均呈随含水率升高而降低的趋势,含水率为12.10%的谷子籽粒群的瞬时弹性模量0.752 6 MPa显著高于含水率为16.05%的0.613 6 MPa和20.00%的0.569 7 MPa,含水率为12.10%、16.05%、20.00%的谷子籽粒群的迟滞弹性模量分别为0.706 4、0.583 5、0.407 5 MPa,含水率为12.10%的谷子籽粒群的黏度系数1 234.7 MPa·s显著高于20.00%的796.8 MPa·s,含水率对谷子籽粒群的松弛时间影响不显著。该文通过试验研究了不同品种和不同含水率的谷子籽粒群的蠕变特性,为谷子低损收获、加工储藏及参数优化提供了理论支持。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]探究边坡土壤的含水率和干容重对土壤抗剪强度的影响,建立经验公式,为提高边坡稳定性提供理论依据。[方法]以浙江省凤阳山国家级自然保护区内黄棕壤地带3种植被类型(常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、灌草林地)边坡土壤为对象,进行重塑土直剪试验,分析不同含水率分级(25%,27%,29%,31%,33%)和干容重分级(0.8,0.9,1.0,1.1,1.2g/cm3)对抗剪强度指标(内摩擦角φ和黏聚力c)的影响规律。[结果](1)黏聚力和干容重呈显著正相关,和含水率(mc)呈显著负相关。内摩擦角和干容重(ρd)呈显著正相关。(2)土壤黏聚力随含水率的增加而减小,随干容重的增加而增加;随着干容重的增加,内摩擦角有明显增加的趋势,总是在高密实度的情况下,内摩擦角较大。相对于黏聚力,内摩擦角受含水率的影响较小,随含水率的增大,在灌草林地和针阔混交林表现出非线性减小的特征,在常绿阔叶林则呈现先增大后减小的趋势,考虑出现最优含水率。(3)在同一含水率下,干容重对土壤黏聚力具有增强作用,黏聚力的对数和干容重呈线性正相关。考虑含水率和干容重的综合影响,加入影响系数β,建立了经验公式。[结论]黏聚力的对数与含水率呈显著负相关,与干容重呈显著正相关。土壤干容重对土壤内摩擦角影响显著,呈显著正相关。含水率对内摩擦角影响不明显。  相似文献   

11.
This study compared the differences of two types of buckwheat sprouts, namely, common buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.), in general composition, functional components, and antioxidant capacity. The ethanol extracts of tartary buckwheat sprouts (TBS) had higher reducing power, free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion scavenging activity than those of common buckwheat sprouts (CBS). As for chelating effects on ferrous ions, CBS had higher values than TBS. Rutin was the major flavonoid found in these two types of buckwheat sprouts, and TBS was 5 fold higher in rutin than CBS. The antioxidant effects of buckwheat sprouts on human hepatoma HepG2 cells revealed that both of TBS and CBS could decrease the production of intracellular peroxide and remove the intracellular superoxide anions in HepG2 cells, but TBS reduced the cellular oxidative stress more effectively than CBS, possibly because of its higher rutin (and quercetin) content.  相似文献   

12.
Fagopyritols are mono-, di-, and trigalactosyl derivatives of D-chiro-inositol that accumulate in seeds of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and may be important for seed maturation and as a dietary supplement. Fagopyritols and other soluble carbohydrates were assayed in mature groats and 11 milling fractions of common buckwheat seed. Because fagopyritols are in embryo and aleurone tissues, differences in fagopyritol concentrations reflect varying proportions of these tissues in each milling fraction. Bran milling fractions contained 6.4 g of total soluble carbohydrates per 100 g of dry weight, 55% of which was sucrose and 40% fagopyritols. Flour milling fractions had reduced fagopyritol concentration [0.7 g/100 g of dry weight total fagopyritols in the dark (Supreme) flour and 0.3 g/100 g in the light (Fancy) flours]. Fagopyritol B1 was 70% of total fagopyritols in all milling fractions. Fagopyritols were 40% of total soluble carbohydrates in groats of two cultivars of common buckwheat but 21% in groats of tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.], probably a reflection of environment and genetics. A rhamnoglucoside present in tartary buckwheat was not detected in common buckwheat.  相似文献   

13.
Two samples of tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) from China and one from Luxembourg were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal the possibilities of growing tartary buckwheat herb as a possible source of rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin. The content of rutin was determined as up to 3% dry weight (DW) in tartary buckwheat herb. Quercitrin values were in the range of 0.01-0.05% DW. Only traces of quercetin were detected in just some of the samples. Tartary buckwheat seeds contained more rutin (about 0.8-1.7% DW) than common buckwheat seeds (0.01% DW). Rutin and quercetin content in seeds depends on variety and growing conditions. Tartary buckwheat seeds contained traces of quercitrin and quercetin, which were not found in common buckwheat seeds.  相似文献   

14.
黑苦荞米黄酮提取工艺优化及其降血糖活性研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  
为了获得合适的黑苦荞米黄酮提取工艺,该文采用单因素试验和响应面设计,选择乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取温度4个因素,优化黑苦荞米黄酮提取工艺。试验结果表明,黑苦荞米黄酮的最佳提取条件是:乙醇体积分数54%,料液比1:24 g/m L,提取时间62 min,提取温度71℃。在此条件下,理论黄酮得率为2.21%,实际黄酮得率为2.20%,相对误差为0.45%。在此基础上进一步研究了黑苦荞米黄酮的α-淀粉酶抑制活性,结果表明7.5 mg/m L的黑苦荞米黄酮对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制率为54.05%,与二甲双胍(5 mg/m L)效果相当;此外,与空白对照相比,50μg/m L黑苦荞米黄酮能显著(P0.05)提高肝脏细胞Hep G2的葡萄糖消耗量(48.73%),并促进肝脏细胞糖原的合成。研究结果表明,黑苦荞米黄酮具有较好的辅助降血糖功效。  相似文献   

15.
Tartary buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaench] is rich in rutin and D- chiro-inositol (DCI), which have beneficial effects in the treatment of hemorrhagic diseases and insulin-resistant diseases, respectively. The current methods of extraction and detection of rutin and DCI are complex and time-consuming; a simple way of analyzing these compounds in the native matrix would be desirable. In this work, near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was applied to determine the contents of rutin and DCI in tartary buckwheat. The spectral data were compared with those determined from high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. Models for predicting rutin and DCI contents in buckwheat were developed using a partial least-squares algorithm. Cross-validation procedures indicated good correlations between HPLC data and NIRS predictions (R2 = 0.76 for rutin and R2 = 0.86 for DCI). The rutin content ranged from 0.998 to 1.75%, while the DCI content covered 0.179-0.200%. The results showed that NIRS, a well-established and widely applied technique, could be applied to determine rutin and DCI in tartary buckwheat rapidly and nondestructively.  相似文献   

16.
A simple method for rapid determination of d- chiro-inositol (DCI) (a potent mediator of insulin metabolism) contained in tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum L. Gaench) was developed on the basis of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). DCI was separated from an extract of tartary buckwheat on an Alltech Prevail Carbohydrates ES 5 mum column. During postcolumn detection, DCI was detected by ELSD. The detection limit was 100 ng. This method was sensitive enough for determining DCI in tartary buckwheat and its related products.  相似文献   

17.
cDNA of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was isolated from immature seeds harvested 14 days after pollination. Two genes, designated FA02 and FA18, were found to encode legumin-like proteins and were expressed during seed development. The deduced amino acid sequence of FA02 was identical to the N-terminal amino acid domain of BW24KD, which was believed to be a major buckwheat allergen (Urisu, A.; Kondo, Y.; Morita, Y.; Yagi, E.; Tsuruta, M.; Yasaki, T.; Yamada, K.; Kuzuya, H.; Suzuki, M.; Titani, K.; Kurosawa, K. Isolation and characterization of a major allergen in buckwheat seeds. In Current Advances in Buckwheat Research; Shinshu University Press: Matsumoto, Japan, 1995; pp 965--974). It was predicted that FA02 would be cleaved to generate two separate components, a 41.3 kDa alpha-subunit and a 21 kDa beta-subunit. Antiserum was raised against the deduced FA02 beta-subunit, and immunoblotting of total protein from buckwheat seeds (F. esculentum M. and Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaertn.) revealed that several groups of proteins reacted with the antiserum. Polypeptides in the 23--25 kDa range displayed the greatest reactivity.  相似文献   

18.
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) was grown in trace element water (TEW) (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm) and deionized water (DIW) to evaluate whether the beneficial effects of trace elements on the antioxidant activity could be accomplished with the supplement of TEW. At 300 ppm, TEW significantly increased the Cu, Zn, Mn, and Fe contents in buckwheat sprout but not the Se content. However, the levels of rutin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin did not differ between buckwheat sprouts grown in TEW and DIW. The ethanolic extract from buckwheat sprout grown in 300 ppm of TEW showed higher ferrous ion chelating activity and inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation than that grown in DIW. The extract in the TEW group also enhanced intracellular superoxide dismutase activity and lowered reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion in the human Hep G2 cell. It was concluded that TEW could increase the antioxidant activities of buckwheat sprouts.  相似文献   

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