共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
为鉴定小麦光温敏雄性不育系穗发芽抗性,筛选有效鉴定穗发芽的分子标记,进一步挖掘抗穗发芽种质资源,测定了88份小麦不育系的整穗发芽率(SGR),利用 Vp1B3、 Xwmc468、 TaSdr-B1、 TaPHS1-646、 TaPHS1-666和 TaMFT-721J共计6个标记对供试材料进行了基因型检测。结果表明,88份小麦雄性不育系的SGR存在不同程度差异,SGR值变化范围为3.75%～93.23%,平均为45.49%,其中有10个品系的SGR值小于10%。基因型与SGR的相关性分析表明, Vp1B3和 Xwmc468的D片段类型与SGR显著相关（P<0.05）; TaSdr-B1和 TaMFT-721J与SGR相关性不显著; TaPHS1-646与SGR显著相关（P<0.05）; TaPHS1-666的NW97S186单倍型与SGR显著相关（P<0.01）。说明 Vp1B3、 Xwmc468和 TaPHS1-646可作为小麦光温敏雄性不育系穗发芽抗性鉴定的分子标记; TaPHS1-666可作为小麦光温敏雄性不育系穗发芽抗性分子鉴定的参考标记。综合SGR和分子标记检测结果,筛选出6份具有较低SGR值的不育系种质资源,分别为BS212、BS143、BS206、BS129、BS117和BS237。 相似文献
2.
为鉴定宁夏小麦种质资源的穗发芽抗性,挖掘抗穗发芽种质资源,筛选在宁夏引黄灌区生态条件下能有效鉴定小麦穗发芽抗性的分子标记,测定了185份小麦种质资源的发芽指数（GI）、整穗发芽率（SGR）,并利用5个穗发芽相关基因的KASP标记 Phs646、 Phs666、TaMFT、TaDAR和 Vp1B1-83对参试材料进行基因型检测,分析基因型与GI、SGR的相关性。结果表明,185份小麦种质资源GI的平均值为 16.74%,变化范围为0～77.35%;SGR的平均值为40.84％,变化范围为0.38%～99.69%;有22份种质资源的GI和SGR均小于5.0％。5个分子标记中, Phs646、 Phs666与GI和SGR显著相关（P＜0.01）;标记 Vp1B1-83与SGR显著相关（P＜0.01）,与GI相关不显著;TaMFT和TaDAR与GI和SGR都不相关。表明分子标记 Phs646、 Phs666可用于宁夏引黄灌区小麦穗发芽抗性的分子鉴定, Vp1B1-83可作为该地区穗发芽抗性分子鉴定的参考标记。结合穗发芽抗性鉴定和分子标记检测结果,筛选出冬育5号、宁春22号、Bastian、毛火麦、山麦、白秃子、白毛火麦共7份具有低GI和SGR值及较高穗发芽抗性基因频率的种质资源。 相似文献
3.
为了解江苏淮北地区小麦品种穗发芽抗性以及相关基因的分布,以该地区近20年通过审定的44份小麦品种作为材料,采用整穗发芽和籽粒发芽两种方法鉴定其穗发芽抗性;利用分子标记对主要穗发芽抗性相关基因TaVp-1B、TaMFT-3A、TaMKK3-A、TaPM19-A1、Tamyb10-D1和TaDFR-B进行检测,并结合其表型分析不同抗性基因的效应。结果显示,44份品种的SGR（整穗发芽率）均值为52.5%,变化范围为10.5%~88.8%;GI（发芽指数）均值为53.9%,变化范围为12.4%~96.7%;有7份品种的SGR和GI值达到了中抗水平,可以作为抗穗发芽种质资源;未发现高抗品种。在6个与穗发芽抗性相关的基因中,TaDFR-Bb分布频率最高,达到95.5%,其余基因依次为TaMFT-3Aa（68.2%）、TaVp-1Bc（50.0%）、TaMKK3-Ac（25.0%）、TaPM19-A1a（13.6%）、Tamyb10-D1b（0）。与表型结合分析发现,只有TaMFT-3Aa和TaMKK3-Ac与穗发芽抗性显著相关,TaVp-1Bc和TaPM19-A1a与表型相关性不显著。因此,在抗穗发芽育种过程中,可以结合分子标记对TaMFT-3Aa和TaMKK3-Ac基因进行筛选并加以利用。 相似文献
4.
白粒小麦品种(系)穗发芽抗性机制分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解小麦穗发芽抗性机制,应用与抗穗发芽有关的功能标记 Vp1B3、 Vp1b2和 Dorm1并结合整穗发芽、籽粒发芽、籽粒+芒、籽粒+穗轴、籽粒+颖壳和籽粒+芒+穗轴+颖壳共6种发芽试验处理,分析了11个小麦品种（系）的穗发芽抗性机制。结果表明,红粒抗穗发芽对照京9428和京冬8号的抗性受粒色、Vp1Bc、颖壳或颖壳抑制物控制;9个白粒品种(系)穗发芽抗性均不同程度的受芒和颖壳或它们的抑制物控制;强抗穗发芽品系CA0431的抗性与 Vp1B3、 Dorm1和粒色无关,而与其他遗传因素有关;强抗穗发芽品系山东046432属于由Vp1Bc和Dorm1控制的基因型;中抗穗发芽品种矮抗58的抗性与穗轴有关;Vp1Bb基因对CA95502的穗发芽作用有待进一步证实;芒和颖壳或它们的抑制物对白粒中感穗发芽品系CA9640、CA0459、CA0493和白粒高感穗发芽品系山东928802和CA0306的穗发芽均有一定的抑制作用,但 Vp1Bb基因型与山东928802和Vp1Bc基因型与CA0306的穗发芽并无相关。 相似文献
5.
为给宁夏优质小麦育种和推广提供依据,本研究以180份宁夏小麦品种（系）为材料,利用分子标记检测脂肪氧化酶（LOX）基因在QLpx.caas-1AL和TaLOX-B1位点的组成情况,分析其分布特点。结果表明,不同等位变异及其组合类型的分布比例不同。在QLpx.caas-1AL位点,除了原有的3种等位变异Xwmc312-227、Xwmc312-235和Xwmc312-247外,还发现了2种新的等位变异。经测序分析,两种新变异条带大小分别为199 bp和223 bp,暂命名为Xwmc312-199和Xwmc312-223。该位点5种等位变异的分布比例分别为46.11%、32.78%、18.89%、1.11%和1.11%。在TaLOX-B1位点存在2种等位变异,即TaLOX-B1a和TaLOX-B1b,分别占15.56%和84.44%。宁夏小麦LOX基因位点存在8种等位变异组合类型,其中Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b组合类型比例（40.56%）最高,Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-B1b次之（27.78%）,Xwmc312-199/TaLOX-B1b和Xwmc312-223/TaLOX-B1b最低（均为1.11%）。同时,在不同地区和相同地区不同来源品种（系）间,LOX基因的分布也存在差异。总体来看,宁夏小麦低活性LOX基因等位变异类型（Xwmc312-227/TaLOX-B1b）所占的比例明显高于高活性类型（Xwmc312-235/TaLOX-Ba1）。 相似文献
6.
为明确小麦材料中抗旱相关基因的组成,利用已报道的29个标记（11个新转化的KASP标记以及已报道的18个KASP 标记）,对16份抗旱小麦品种和15份高产小麦品种进行KASP检测。结果表明,多数基因位点在抗旱小麦品种和高产小麦品种间的优异等位基因数目无明显差别;TaPYL1-1B、Wcor14-2B、TaSRL1-4A、TaSnRK2.3-1A、QTDW.caas-6BL位点的优异等位基因在旱地品种中占比较高,而TaWRKY51-2B和TaSnRK2.4-3A位点的优异等位基因仅存在于抗旱品种中,前者的供体材料为晋麦47、晋麦92和晋麦101,后者的供体材料为济麦379。 相似文献
7.
为了探讨冬小麦穗发芽敏感性的遗传特点，并为小麦的抗穗发芽育种提供科学依据，对穗发芽敏感性不同的4个红皮和3个白皮小麦品种进行完全双列杂交，并对杂交材料进行配合力分析。结果表明，小麦收获前穗发芽性受加性效应、非加性效应和细胞质效应的共同影响，说明小麦的穗发芽抗性能够稳定地遗传给后代；小麦穗发芽敏感性的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力都比较高，说明小麦的穗发芽性主要受遗传因素决定。所以在穗发芽抗性育种中，早代选择是有效的。 相似文献
8.
株高和穗长是影响小麦高产稳产的重要农艺性状。为进一步发掘控制株高和穗长的主效QTL,以硬粒小麦矮兰麦和野生二粒小麦LM001构建的F8代重组自交系（RIL）群体为材料,基于小麦55K SNP芯片构建的遗传连锁图谱,并结合5年8个生态环境的株高和穗长表型数据,进行QTL定位和遗传解析。结果表明,在RIL群体中,株高和穗长均呈现正态分布,符合数量性状遗传特征。共检测到24个QTL,其中7个与株高相关,分布在2A、2B、4B、5A、6A和7A染色体上,可解释7.46%~20.03%的表型变异;17个与穗长相关,分布在2A、2B、3A、4A、4B、5A和6B染色体上,可解释6.52%~17.10%的表型变异。控制株高的 QPh.sicau-AM-4B和 QPh.sicau-AM-7A以及控制穗长的 QSl.sicau-AM-2B.2和 QSl.sicau-AM-4B.4能够同时在单环境和多环境分析中检测到,为稳定的主效QTL,分别解释了9.17%~20.03%、10.44%~ 14.48%、10.41%~16.29%和7.54%~11.70%的表型变异。此外,在RIL群体子代中存在超亲分离现象,进一步的QTL聚合效应分析表明,株高位点 QPh.sicau-AM-4B和 QPh.sicau-AM-7A的聚合或者穗长位点 QSl.sicau-AM-2B.2和 QSl.sicau-AM-4B.4的聚合均能极显著地提高株高和穗长表型,表明鉴定到的控制株高和穗长的QTL位点具有累加效应。 相似文献
9.
为了解青海高原地区春小麦品种中粒重基因的分布情况,采用KASP标记检测3个粒重基因（ TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A）等位变异在青海高原地区主栽的49个小麦品种中的分布,并结合千粒重表型,分析不同等位变异组合对小麦粒重的影响,探索最优基因型。结果显示,49个品种的千粒重在不同年度均存在显著差异; TaCwi-A1位点存在 TaCwi-A1a和 TaCwi-A1b两种等位变异,分布频率分别为69.39%和30.61%; TaGW2-6A位点存在 Hap-6A-A和 Hap-6A-B两种等位变异,分布频率分别为46.94%和53.06%; TaTGW6-4A位点存在 TaTGW6-4Aa和 TaTGW6-4Ab两种等位变异,分布频率分别为97.96%和2.04%。 TaCwi-A1、 TaGW2-6A和 TaTGW6-4A位点的不同等位变异均会导致小麦千粒重发生显著变化,其中, TaCwi-A1位点的等位变异对小麦千粒重影响较为重要。49个小麦品种中, TaCwi-A1a/ Hap-6A-A/ TaTGW-6-4Aa等位变异组合类型的品种的分布频率为32.65%,其千粒重最高,显著高于其他等位变异组合类型的品种,是青海高原地区优异的基因型组合。 相似文献
10.
小麦品系91260抗白粉基因的分子标记定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
白粉病是小麦的重要病害之一,可造成小麦严重减产。小麦品系91260具有优良的成株期白粉病抗性并对白粉菌生理小种E09免疫。为给抗白粉病小麦育种提供参考,本研究对抗病品系91260和感病品种豫麦49的杂交F2代群体进行遗传分析。结果发现,F2代群体中抗感植株的分离比为9∶7,表明91260含有两对显性互补的抗白粉基因,暂时命名为Ml91260-1和Ml91260-2。SSR分子标记分析表明,Ml91260-1位于2AL染色体上,侧翼分子标记为Xcfa2263和Xwmc170,遗传距离分别是8.3 cM和4.1 cM;Ml91260-2位于2BL染色体上,侧翼分子标记为Xgpw4103和Xwmc332,遗传距离分别是4.1 cM和6.7 cM。其中,Ml91260-2是2BL上新的抗白粉病基因。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献