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1.
通过水培试验, 研究了外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明, 外源NO提高了盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片的最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)和光化学速率(Prate), 降低了初始荧光(Fo)、非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)、天线热耗散速率(Drate)和PSⅡ激发能压力(1-qP), 同时降低了激发能在两个光系统间的分配不平衡性.表明外源NO通过减少过剩激发能的耗散, 提高光合电子传递效率, 可有效缓解盐胁迫对番茄PSⅡ系统的伤害, 进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用.  相似文献   

2.
以兼性景天酸代谢CAM植物霍山石斛为材料,研究了强光胁迫条件下,外源一氧化氮(NO)对霍山石斛叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:在强光胁迫下,0.1mmol/L硝普钠(SNP,NO供体)处理显著缓解强光对霍山石斛光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的抑制,霍山石斛PSⅡ荧光参数潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数qL、非光化学猝灭系数NPQ和ΦNPQ下降缓慢,且非光化学猝灭系数ΦNO值较低,PSⅡ反应中心恢复较快,说明该处理缓解了光抑制的发生,保护了光合机构免受强光胁迫的伤害,而经0.5mmol/L SNP处理后,霍山石斛的Fv/Fm、ΦpsⅡ、qL、NPQ和ΦNPQ下降程度增加,ΦNO也较高,恢复较慢,表明该处理加剧了PSⅡ反应中心光抑制的发生。可见,高浓度(0.5mmol/L)SNP处理可加剧光抑制的发生,而低浓度(0.1mmol/L)SNP处理可缓解强光对石斛的胁迫作用。  相似文献   

3.
为探明不同浓度外源Ca2+对高温强光胁迫下西葫芦植株幼苗的影响,本试验选用西葫芦(Cucurbitapepo L.)品种"阿兰一代"为试验材料,通过外源喷施不同浓度CaCl2溶液,研究了Ca2+对高温强光胁迫下西葫芦幼苗叶绿素荧光特性、膜质过氧化及抗氧化酶系统的影响。结果表明,较低浓度Ca2+处理(5~20 mmol.L 1)可有效提高高温强光下西葫芦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2&)含量和膜透性,还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量升高;同时西葫芦叶片PSII的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP)较高,而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)较低。说明5~20 mmol.L 1Ca2+处理对高温强光胁迫具有明显的缓解作用,同时其热耗散较小。当Ca2+处理浓度超过40 mmol.L 1时对高温强光胁迫缓解效应不明显。  相似文献   

4.
通过温室盆栽土培试验,研究不同浓度(0,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.1,0.3 mmol/L)的外源H_2O_2处理对0.05 mmol/L Cd胁迫下酸枣幼苗生长、光合系统和荧光特性等的影响。结果表明:(1)Cd胁迫下,酸枣幼苗生长受到抑制,经H_2O_2处理后,酸枣幼苗对镉抗性系数、光合绿素含量、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)均升高,过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)则出现不同程度的下降;(2)低浓度H_2O_2(≤0.08 mmol/L)处理后,酸枣叶片和根系内抗氧化酶[过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性增强,叶片内1,5—二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(Rubisco)、1,1—二磷酸景天庚酮糖酯酶(SBPase)和1,6—二磷酸果糖醛缩酶(FBAase)活性最高显著上升38.24%,42.15%,84.08%,但转酮醇酶(TKase)活性无显著变化;(3)酸枣叶片内PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和吸收光能用于光化学反应的份额(P)在H_2O_2处理下最大分别提高37.52%,135.95%,53.10%和98.36%,PSⅡ非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散Y(NPQ)、非调节性能量耗散Y(NO)、吸收光能用于天线热耗散的份额(D)、PSⅡ反应中心非光化学耗散的份额(E_x)和双光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)分别降低34.13%,35.15%,30.26%,35.52,32.30%和53.43%,缓解效果显著,但随着外源H_2O_2喷施浓度的增加,缓解效应有下降趋势。综合分析发现,H_2O_2对酸枣镉毒的缓解作用与其改善酸枣光合作用、维持抗氧化系统高活性和提高PSⅡ光化学效率等多种生理过程有关。其中以0.08 mmol/L H_2O_2提高酸枣的修复效率最佳,可作为植物修复的强化措施。  相似文献   

5.
氯化胆碱对干旱胁迫下地黄抗氧化代谢及梓醇含量的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
用100,300,500 mg/L的氯化胆碱(CC)水溶液喷施干旱胁迫下的地黄叶片,研究了CC对干旱胁迫下地黄叶片抗氧化代谢、细胞膜稳定性、叶绿素荧光参数及块根中梓醇含量的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施CC有效调节了干旱胁迫下地黄叶片的抗氧化酶SOD、APX、CAT的活性,降低了叶片MDA的含量和相对电导率,减缓了叶绿素的降解.因此,使地黄叶片在干旱胁迫条件下维持较高的通过PSI的电子传递速率(Fv/Fo)、PS Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPS Ⅱ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),从而提高了干旱胁迫下地黄块根的产量和梓醇含量,其中以300 mg/L的CC浓度效果较好.  相似文献   

6.
为探究NO对山葡萄耐盐性影响的生理机制,以1年生双丰山葡萄扦插苗为试材,采用营养液栽培方法,研究了外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理对50 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下山葡萄叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明,外源NO能显著提升盐胁迫下山葡萄叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性,减少丙二醛(MDA)的产生和积累,保护光合机构免受活性氧伤害,从而提高叶片叶绿素含量;另一方面,外源NO使盐胁迫下山葡萄叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)和保护性热耗散(ΦNPQ)升高,而初始荧光(Fo)和非调节性能量耗散(ΦNO)显著下降,表明外源NO通过保护性热耗散机制缓解盐胁迫引起的光抑制,增强光合电子传递效率,进而维持PSⅡ的正常功能,最终提高了山葡萄耐盐性.  相似文献   

7.
通过水培试验, 研究了外源NO供体硝普钠（SNP）处理对100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下番茄幼苗叶绿 素荧光特性的影响。结果表明, 外源NO提高了盐胁迫下番茄幼苗叶片的最大荧光（Fm）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）、表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、光化学荧光猝灭系数（qP）和光化学速率（Prate）, 降低了初始荧光（Fo）、非光化学荧光猝灭系数（qN）、天线热耗散速率（Drate）和PSⅡ激发能压力（1-qP）, 同时降低了激发能在两个光系统间的分配不平衡性。表明外源NO通过减少过剩激发能的耗散, 提高光合电子传递效率, 可有效缓解盐胁迫对番茄PSⅡ系统的伤害, 进而在缓解盐胁迫中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

8.
水分胁迫对茶树叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
以"铁观音"和"福鼎大白茶"两个茶树品种为试验材料,研究水分胁迫对茶树叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:水分胁迫下,茶树叶片的基础荧光(Fo)显著升高,最大荧光(Fm)、可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)显著下降,表明水分胁迫使茶树叶片PSⅡ反应中心受到伤害;水分胁迫还可降低茶树的光化学反应速率(Prate),缩短荧光上升时间(T1/2),抑制PSⅡ反应中心电子的传递(ETR降低),导致天线色素热耗散速率(Drate)、非光化学猝灭(qN)和光合功能相对限制值(LPFD)升高,光化学猝灭(qP)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield)显著下降.比较水分胁迫下"铁观音"和"福鼎大白茶"叶片叶绿素荧光变化发现,"铁观音"PSⅡ反应中心的胁迫耐性较强,叶片光化学效率较高.  相似文献   

9.
【目的】叶绿素荧光参数经常用来评价光合器官的功能和环境压力的影响,不同玉米基因型耐低氮胁迫能力差异较大,与光合及叶绿素荧光特性对低氮胁迫的响应机制有关。本文以耐低氮能力差异较大的4个玉米杂交种为试验材料,研究了低氮胁迫对不同耐低氮性玉米品种苗期光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,以期明确耐低氮胁迫玉米品种的光合机制。【方法】采用二因素完全随机设计盆栽试验,因素A为不同耐低氮性玉米品种:‘正红311’、‘成单30’和不耐低氮品种‘先玉508’、‘三北2号’;因素B为不同氮素水平:正常氮CK(霍格兰完全营养液,N 15 mmol/L)、低氮胁迫LN1(N 0.5 mmol/L)、极低氮胁迫LN2(N 0.05 mmol/L)。测定了苗期单株干物质积累量,单株氮素积累量,叶片叶绿素含量与荧光特性,以及光合效率指标。【结果】低氮胁迫下玉米苗期单株干物质积累量、单株氮素积累量、叶片叶绿素含量等生理指标显著下降,但耐低氮品种的下降幅度显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下玉米苗净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)显著降低,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)显著升高,净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的降幅及胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的增幅耐低氮品种均显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')和光化学猝灭系数(q P)等叶绿素荧光特性也均显著降低,耐低氮品种下降幅度显著低于不耐低氮品种;低氮胁迫下耐低氮品种PSⅡ实际光量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)降低,不耐低氮品种有所增加;而耐低氮品种非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)升高,不耐低氮品种有所降低。【结论】耐低氮玉米品种能够减缓低氮胁迫对植株光合系统的影响,进而保证植株较高的氮素积累,提高叶片叶绿素含量,维持较高的PSⅡ有效光量子产量(Fv'/Fm')和光化学猝灭系数(q P),为光合作用提供充足的光能;从而保持了较高的净光合速率(Pn),保证了耐低氮品种在低氮条件下保持较高的干物质生产。  相似文献   

10.
等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对番茄光合作用的影响   总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34  
研究了番茄的光合作用对等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl处理的响应。在等渗条件下120mmol.LNaCl和80mmol.LCa(NO3)2胁迫后,番茄叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量、Chl.a/Chl.b比值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、原初光能转换效率(Fv.Fm)、光合电子传递量子效率(ΦPSII)、Fv.Fo、光化学猝灭系数(qP)均呈下降趋势,以NaCl处理的下降幅度大于Ca(NO3)2处理;而Ca(NO3)2处理的胞间CO2浓度(Ci)呈下降趋势,NaCl处理的Ci呈升高趋势。因此,两种盐处理均对番茄植株光合作用造成了伤害,NaCl造成的伤害较Ca(NO3)2较为严重,Ca(NO3)2胁迫净光合速率下降可能是气孔限制所引起的,而NaCl胁迫净光合速率下降可能是由非气孔因子限制引起的。  相似文献   

11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy.  相似文献   

12.
Karsten M. Dromph   《Pedobiologia》2003,47(3):245-256
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13.
The difficulty and problems encountered in the study of cultivated plants, in general and sugarcane, in particular has been indicated. In order to understand these problems, a brief review on the taxonomy of Saccharum and closely related taxa, namely, Erianthus, Sclerostachya, Narenga and Miscanthus (generally known as ‘Saccharum complex’) has been given. A short account on the important morphological features that are specific to sugarcane has also been stated as classification is commonly based on such morphological characters. A note has been added on the chromosome number, origin, and distribution of the species of ‘Saccharum complex’ members. Taxonomic keys have been devised for identification of the genera of Saccharinae and for the species of Saccharum and Erianthus occurring in India. A new combination, Sclerostachya fallax (Balansa) Amalraj et Balasundaram, has also been proposed.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
A collection of 136 accessions of Aegilops umbellulata (39), Ae. comosa (75) and Ae. markgrafii (22) was analysed for high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits composition. The homogeneity of the accessions was studied and 55.1% of the collection was homogeneous for HMW glutenin subunits (29 Ae. umbellulata, 33 Ae. comosa and 14 Ae. markgrafii). The HMW glutenin subunits of Ae. umbellulata are encoded by the Glu-U1 locus; in Ae. comosa results showed that this proteins are encoded at the 1M chromosome, and the locus was named Glu-M1. In Ae. markgrafii it was assumed that HMW glutenin subunits were encoded by an homoeologous locus and it was named Glu-C1. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and Ae. markgrafii expressed both, x-type and y-type subunits. Among the Ae. comosa accessions, only one expressed an x-type subunit alone. All the accessions of Ae. umbellulata and some of Ae. comosa had x-type glutenins of higher molecular weights than those commonly present in bread wheat. A total of 8 alleles were detected at the Glu-U1 locus, 11 at the Glu-M1 and 4 at the Glu-C1. The new HMW glutenin variation found in this work suggests their possible utilisation in breeding for wheat quality.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments.  相似文献   

17.
Diversity of native rice (Oryza Poaceae:) species of Costa Rica   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
We found several populations of wild Oryza species in the lowlands of Costa Rica. The plants showed extensive morphological variation, suggesting the presence of several species. In the morphologic study, 33 traits were scored for plants of all the species. A principal component analysis revealed the significant morphological separation of the different species. The analyses indicated that there are three species, O. grandi­glumis, O. latifolia and O. glumaepatula. Two putative hybrid types were found, both significantly differing in their morphology from the known species and intermediate at several traits. O. grandi­glumis is a new record for Costa Rican flora. Its main population is located in Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, Los Chiles, Alajuela. O. latifolia is distributed throughout the lowlands of the country and the plants of the Atlantic slope are significantly bigger in general habit than those of the Guanacaste area. During this study a population of O. glumaepatula of hundreds of thousands of plants was discovered in the Medio Queso River wetland, Los Chiles, Alajuela. This population is the most important source of genes for cultivar's improvement from the primary gene pool of rice in Costa Rica. The small ligule and the wide flag leaf characteristic of the two CCDD species separated them from the AA diploid O. glumaepatula. Seed size, ligule size, number of branches in the panicle, plant height and sterile lemma length are all bigger in O. grandi­glumis, and influenced the second factor that separated the CCDD species in two discrete clusters. The species found offer great possibilities for the improvement of rice cultivars and they should be thoroughly studied and appropriately protected.  相似文献   

18.
We investigated the diversity of rhizobia isolated from different indigenous legumes in Flanders (Belgium). A total of 3810 bacterial strains were analysed originating from 43 plant species. Based on rep-PCR clustering, 16S rRNA gene and recA gene sequence analysis, these isolates belonged to Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer (Sinorhizobium), Mesorhizobium and Rhizobium. Of the genera encountered, Rhizobium was the most abundant (62%) and especially the species Rhizobiumleguminosarum, followed by Ensifer (19%), Bradyrhizobium (14%) and finally Mesorhizobium (5%). For two rep-clusters only low similarity values with other genera were found for both the 16S rRNA and recA genes, suggesting that these may represent a new genus with close relationship to Rhodopseudomonas and Bradyrhizobium. Primers for the symbiotic genes nodC and nifH were optimized and a phylogenetic sequence analysis revealed the presence of different symbiovars including genistearum, glycinearum, loti, meliloti, officinalis, trifolii and viciae. Moreover, three new nodC types were assigned to strains originating from Ononis, Robinia and Wisteria, respectively. Discriminant and MANOVA analysis confirmed the correlation of symbiosis genes with certain bacterial genera and less with the host plant. Multiple symbiovars can be present within the same host plant, suggesting the promiscuity of these plants. Moreover, the ecoregion did not contribute to the separation of the bacterial endosymbionts. Our results reveal a large diversity of rhizobia associated with indigenous legumes in Flanders. Most of the legumes harboured more than one rhizobial endosymbiont in their root nodules indicating the importance of including sufficient isolates per plant in diversity studies.  相似文献   

19.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae.  相似文献   

20.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the fate of bacteria during and after passage through the intestinal tract of detritivore earthworms. Earthworms (Lumbricus spp.) were fed with cattle dung inoculated 7 days previously with one of five different Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial concentrations were determined 2 days later in dung and soil, and in gut material from different parts of the earthworm intestinal tract. A high percentage (28–82%) of the total bacteria (epifluorescence direct counts) in the earthworm gut content was culturable. The concentration of total heterotrophic aerobic bacteria did not vary significantly among the five different bacterial additions and the non-inoculated control. In earthworm casts the number of total heterotrophs per gram dry matter (2.1×109) was higher than in soil (1.7×108), but lower than in the dung (1.5×1010). The test-bacteria, however, showed different survival patterns along the earthworm intestinal tract. The concentrations of Escherichia coli BJ 18 and Pseudomonas putida MM 1 and MM 11 in earthworm casts were lower than in the ingested dung, while concentrations of Enterobacter cloacae A 107 and Aeromonas hydrophila DMU 115 in dung and casts were similar. Ent. cloacae, and to aminor extent E. coli, were reduced in numbers by several orders of magnitude in the pharynx and/or crop. In the hind gut, however, the concentration of Ent. cloacae had increased to the same level as in the ingested dung, while the concentration of E. coli remained low. Our observations indicate that the bacterial flora of ingested food materials changes qualitatively and quantitatively during gut transit.  相似文献   

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