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1.
Background: Blood groups in dogs are designated as dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and Dal. There is limited information about the frequency of different antigens in Greyhound dogs, despite their frequent use as blood donors. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the frequencies of DEA 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 in Greyhounds, to compare the frequencies with those of non‐Greyhound dogs, and to evaluate the presence of naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies. Methods: Blood was collected from 206 Greyhound and 66 non‐Greyhound dogs being screened as potential blood donors. Blood‐typing was performed at Animal Blood Resources International by tube agglutination utilizing polyclonal anti‐DEA antibodies. Results: Of the Greyhound dogs, 27/206 (13.1%) were positive for DEA 1.1, and this frequency was significantly lower (P<.0001) than for non‐Greyhound dogs of which 40/66 (60.6%) were DEA 1.1‐positive. The frequency of positivity for both DEA 1.1 and 1.2 was also lower in Greyhounds (P<.0001). There were no significant differences between Greyhounds and non‐Greyhounds for DEA 1.2, 3, 4, 5, or 7. All 137 dogs (113 Greyhounds and 24 non‐Greyhounds) that were evaluated for naturally occurring anti‐DEA antibodies in serum were negative. A higher percentage of Greyhound dogs (57.3%, 118/206) were considered “universal donors” (negative for all DEAs except DEA 4) compared with non‐Greyhound dogs (28%, 13/46). Conclusion: The frequency of positivity for DEA 1.1 in our population of Greyhounds was significantly lower than previously reported for dogs. Furthermore, a large majority of Greyhounds met the criteria for universal donors.  相似文献   

2.
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3.
Canine blood typing has become an established and essential laboratory test due to the rising demand for safe and efficient blood transfusions. The most immunogenic and clinically important blood type is DEA 1.1. Little is known about DEA 1.1 frequencies or special characteristics among different canine breeds. 304 dogs were tested for DEA 1.1. DEA 1.1-typing was performed using a commercial gel column technique (ID-Gel Test Canine DEA 1.1, DiaMed, Cressier, Switzerland). Fifty-three percent of all tested dogs reacted positive for DEA 1.1, whereas 49 % of the mixed breeds tested DEA 1.1-positive. All Bernese mountain dogs (n = 22) and Rottweilers (n = 9) tested positive for DEA 1.1, while all Boxers (n = 8), Flat-Coated Retrievers (n = 9), and Border Collies (6) tested negative for DEA 1.1. The prevalence of DEA 1.1 in dogs in Switzerland was found to be comparable to that reported from other countries. The tested breeds were found to differ considerably in the frequency of DEA 1.1. This knowledge is useful for selection of blood donors. However, DEA 1.1 blood typing of donor and recipient prior to transfusion and cross matching in sensitized dogs is unavoidable.  相似文献   

4.
A murine IgM monoclonal antibody, which recognizes dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1, has been produced. The antibody correctly identified canine RBC possessing DEA 1.1 in a panel of RBC typed by an independent laboratory. Reactivity of the monoclonal antibody was compared with canine anti-DEA 1.1 antiserum with 163 RBC samples from 145 dogs. Results of agglutination tests with the 2 reagents were in agreement for all samples. A card agglutination test that uses the monoclonal antibody with blood is described. A monoclonal antibody-based test should facilitate blood typing for DEA 1.1 in clinical practice.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVE: To compare canine blood-typing results determined by use of the card (CARD), gel (GEL), Michigan State University (MSU), and tube (TUBE) tests. SAMPLE POPULATION: Blood samples from 23 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA were screened by use of each blood-typing method according to manufacturers' protocols. RESULTS: Strong RBC agglutination reactions were observed with dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 reagents of the CARD and GEL tests as well as MSU test (only after adding Coombs' reagent) in 9 blood samples. By use of the CARD test, RBCs from 4 additional dogs agglutinated weakly; on the basis of MSU test results, these 4 dogs were classified as DEA 1.2 positive. All blood samples agglutinated with the B antigen reagent of the TUBE test. All but 2 blood samples had strong positive reactions with the DEA 4 reagent of the MSU test. All but 3 blood samples reacted with the E antigen reagent of the TUBE test. Three blood samples agglutinated with the DEA 3 reagent of the MSU test and A antigen reagent of the TUBE test. Five blood samples had strong agglutination reactions with the DEA 5 reagent of the MSU test. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Use of the CARD test allows for rapid identification of DEA 1.1 but may produce weak reactions with blood from DEA 1.2-positive dogs. The GEL test is a reliable and rapid clinical laboratory method for identification of DEA 1.1. The MSU test requires Coombs' reagent for identification of DEA 1.1 and 1.2.  相似文献   

6.
The blood group antigen Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 is clinically the most important canine blood group as DEA 1.1 antibodies are capable of causing acute haemolytic, potentially life-threatening transfusion reactions. Dogs do not have naturally occurring antibodies to DEA 1.1 but are rapidly sensitised by the first incompatible transfusion. The prevalence of DEA 1.1 in the general dog population is estimated at 42-46%. Canine blood donors registered with the Onderstepoort Animal Blood Bank (n = 93) as well as potential donors (n = 140) were typed for DEA 1.1 using a monoclonal antibody card kit. All dogs came from the Onderstepoort area, near Pretoria, Gauteng province, South Africa. Overall prevalence of DEA 1.1 was 47%. Prevalence was 47% in purebred dogs and 48% in mongrels. Distinct breed differences were noted with less than 20% of German shepherd dogs and Boxers and greater than 75% of Rottweilers, Great Danes, St Bernards and Dalmations testing DEA 1.1 positive. Knowledge of local breed differences will increase effectiveness of blood donor recruitment.  相似文献   

7.
Background: It is controversial whether or not pregnant bitches become sensitized to red blood cell (RBC) antigens.
Hypothesis: Bitches do not develop alloantibodies to RBC antigens during gestation and can be used safely as blood donors.
Animals: The study group included 35 healthy female dogs with a prior history of 1 (n = 12), 2 (n = 14), or ≥ 3 (n = 9) pregnancies. The control group consisted of 15 healthy female dogs without any history of pregnancy.
Methods: All dogs were blood typed for dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood samples and polyclonal antisera. Antibody screening was performed with serum and canine RBC panels of known blood type. An autocontrol and direct antiglobulin test were performed to rule out the presence of autoantibodies.
Results: The only alloantibodies identified were those against DEA 7 and the prevalence of anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies was similar in dogs with known history of pregnancy (11.4%) and in the control group (13.3%).
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results confirm previous studies and clinical transfusion medicine experience. Naturally occurring anti-DEA 7 alloantibodies have been reported but their clinical relevance has not been shown. Pregnancy does not appear to sensitize dogs to RBC antigens. Consequently, dogs with prior history of pregnancy can be used safely as blood donors. Conversely, no additional pretransfusion compatibility studies would be required should these dogs themselves need to be transfused.  相似文献   

8.
Alloantibodies to high-frequency red cell antigens, defined as inherited traits occurring in 92% to 99% or more of the general population, are recognized as a cause of hemolytic transfusion reactions in humans. Here we describe a dog (dog erythrocyte antigen [DEA] 1.2-and DEA 4-positive) sensitized by prior blood transfusion, for which a compatible blood donor could not be found; transfusion of DEA 1.1-negative blood resulted in hemolytic transfusion reactions. Patient serum from days 1 (before first transfusion) and 16 was available for further testing; using 4 dogs with different blood types as potential donors, the major crossmatches were compatible using serum from day 1. However the crossmatches were all incompatible with serum from day 16, indicating that the patient was sensitized to an antigen after the first transfusion. The presence of an alloantibody against DEA 1.1 was not ruled out in this patient, but the incompatibility reactions of patient serum with red cells from donors negative for DEA 1.1 indicated that an alloantibody against a red cell antigen other than DEA 1.1 or any other known DEA for which typing reagents were available (DEA 3, 5, and 7) was present. Subsequently, red cells from 1 of the patient's siblings (DEA 1.2-, 4-, and 7-positive) were found not to agglutinate when incubated with patient's serum from day 16, ruling out the presence of an anti-DEA 7 antibody, and suggesting that an alloantibody against a common red cell antigen missing in the patient and sibling was responsible for the blood incompatibility reactions. Failure to obtain a compatible crossmatch with several universal donors in a dog previously transfused should raise a suspicion that an alloantibody to a common red cell antigen may exist and that a sibling may be a source of compatible blood.  相似文献   

9.
Background: A new commercial gel column agglutination system is reported to have high sensitivity in detecting cats with blood type AB. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare gel column agglutination and card agglutination methods for feline blood‐typing and to determine the frequency distribution of feline blood types in northern Italy. Methods: Blood‐typing was performed on 120 cats using both a commercial gel column containing monoclonal antibodies (ID Gel‐Test Micro Typing System) and a card agglutination method (RapidVet‐H Feline). Results were confirmed with back‐typing. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for the 2 methods. A second group of 140 Domestic Shorthair (DSH) cats was blood‐typed using the gel column technique to determine the frequency distribution of feline blood types in northern Italy. Results: The card agglutination method demonstrated poor sensitivity in identification of type‐AB cats (61%) and was only 95% specific when identifying type‐B cats. The gel column agglutination technique demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity for typing all 3 blood types (A, B, and AB). The frequency distribution study of 140 cats demonstrated that 127 (90.7%) cats were type A, 10 (7.1%) were type B, and 3 (2.1%) were type AB. Conclusion: When blood‐typing cats of breeds with a relatively high frequency of blood types B and AB, methods that use monoclonal antibodies for detection of blood types B and AB are recommended. Alternatively, blood type can be confirmed by more sensitive supplemental testing, such as back‐typing. The high frequency of blood type A in DSH cats in northern Italy was comparable to previously reported frequencies in Italy and world‐wide.  相似文献   

10.
BACKGROUND: Based upon alloantibodies produced after sensitizing dogs with transfused blood, more than a dozen blood group systems have been recognized thus far, and some have been classified as dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA). HYPOTHESIS: A new canine red cell antigen was suspected, based on the development of specific alloantibodies in a Dalmatian previously sensitized by blood transfusions. ANIMALS: Twenty-six Dalmatians (including 1 Dalmatian in need of blood compatibility studies); 55 canine blood donors. METHODS: Serologic tests, including blood typing, crossmatching, and direct Coombs' test were performed by standard tube techniques and a novel gel column technology adapted from human blood banking. RESULTS: By day 40 after transfusion of an anemic Dalmatian, all major crossmatch tests to 55 non-Dalmatian dogs were incompatible. The 2 initial donors, who were compatible before transfusion, were also now incompatible, suggesting the development of an alloantibody to a common red cell antigen. No siblings were available, but 4 of 25 unrelated Dalmatians were crossmatch compatible, suggesting that they were missing the same red cell antigen. The patient was blood typed DEA 1.1, 3, 4, and 5 positive, but DEA 7 negative. Further blood typing and crossmatching results did not support an association to any of these known blood types. The alloantibodies produced were determined to be of the immunoglobulin G class. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Based upon the identification of an acquired alloantibody in a Dalmatian, a presumably new common blood type named Dal was identified. Dalmatians lacking the Dal antigen are likely at risk of delayed and acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.  相似文献   

11.
BACKGROUND: Naturally occurring alloantibodies produced against A and B red cell antigens in cats can cause acute hemolytic transfusion reactions. Blood incompatibilities, unrelated to the AB blood group system, have also been suspected after blood transfusions through routine crossmatch testing or as a result of hemolytic transfusion reactions. HYPOTHESIS: Incompatible crossmatch results among AB compatible cats signify the presence of a naturally occurring alloantibody against a newly identified blood antigen in a group of previously never transfused blood donor cats. The associated alloantibody is clinically important based upon a hemolytic transfusion reaction after inadvertent transfusion of red cells expressing this red cell antigen in a feline renal transplant recipient that lacks this red cell antigen. METHODS: Blood donor and nonblood donor cats were evaluated for the presence of auto- and alloantibodies using direct antiglobulin and crossmatch tests, respectively, and were blood typed for AB blood group status. Both standard tube and novel gel column techniques were used. RESULTS: Plasma from 3 of 65 cats and 1 feline renal transplant recipient caused incompatible crossmatch test results with AB compatible erythrocytes indicating these cats formed an alloantibody against a red cell antigen they lack, termed Mik. The 3 donors and the renal transplant recipient were crossmatch-compatible with one another. Tube and gel column crossmatch test results were similar. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The absence of this novel Mik red cell antigen can be associated with naturally occurring anti-Mik alloantibodies and can elicit an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction after an AB-matched blood transfusion.  相似文献   

12.

Background

The Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1 blood group system was thought to contain types DEA 1.1 and 1.2 (and possibly 1.3 [A3]). However, DEA 1.2+ dogs are very rare and newer typing methods reveal varying degrees of DEA 1 positivity.

Objectives

To assess if variation in DEA 1 positivity is because of quantitative differences in surface antigen expression. To determine expression patterns in dogs over time and effects of blood storage (4°C). To evaluate DEA 1.2+ samples by DEA 1 typing methods.

Animals

Anticoagulated blood samples from 66 dogs in a research colony and from a hospital, and 9 previously typed DEA 1.2+ dogs from an animal blood bank.

Methods

Research study: Samples were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunochromatographic strip using a monoclonal anti‐DEA 1 antibody.

Results

Twenty dogs were DEA 1−, whereas 46 dogs were weakly to strongly DEA 1+. Antigen quantification revealed excellent correlation between strip and flow cytometry (r = 0.929). Both methods reclassified DEA 1.2+ samples as weakly to moderately DEA 1+, but they were not retyped with the polyclonal anti‐DEA 1.1/1.X antibodies. Dogs and blood samples retained their relative DEA 1 antigen densities over time.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

The blood group system DEA 1 is a continuum from negative to strongly positive antigen expression. Previously typed DEA 1.2+ appears to be DEA 1+. These findings further the understanding of the DEA 1 system and suggest that all alleles within the DEA 1 system have a similarly based epitope recognized by the monoclonal antibody.  相似文献   

13.

Background

Interfering antibodies in human serum and plasma are known to react with mammalian antibodies in immunoassays and cause false‐positive test results. Although this phenomenon was recently shown in companion animals, knowledge regarding immunoassay interference in veterinary medicine is very limited.

Objectives

The aims of this study were to set up a species‐independent immunoassay procedure to detect interference in serum samples, to screen for interference in a cross‐section of canine and feline patient samples from an animal hospital, and to determine if the detected interference could be neutralized using an immunoassay based on nonmammalian reagents.

Methods

A 2‐site sandwich‐type interference assay was set up using commercially available mouse reagents. A total of 369 serum samples from 320 dogs and 263 samples from 218 cats were analyzed using the interference assay. Multiple samples were submitted from 36 dogs and 39 cats. Nineteen samples identified as interference‐positive were analyzed in an assay using chicken antibodies.

Results

Interference was detected in samples from 28 dogs (9%) and 10 cats (5%) screened with the interference assay. Except for 1 cat, consistent results were obtained for all 75 dogs and cats that submitted more than 1 sample. The interference was eliminated when analyzed in the chicken‐based assay (P < .001).

Conclusions

Substances with reactivity toward mouse IgG can be detected in serum samples from dog and cat patients using a 2‐site interference assay. The detected substances are most likely interfering antibodies, possibly originating from immunization with other mammalian species.  相似文献   

14.

Background

Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) apheresis using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus automated blood cell separator has not been reported.

Objective

To determine the feasibility and safety of using a CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator with a small volume separation container holder (SVSCH) and small volume collection chamber (SVCC) to harvest canine PBMCs from dogs weighing <50 kg.

Animals

Eight healthy mongrel dogs and 11 client‐owned dogs in clinical remission for lymphoproliferative diseases (LPD).

Methods

In this prospective study, aphereses were performed using a Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus blood cell separator, with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF) treatment.

Results

Aphereses from 6 healthy dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 1.1 × 107 ± 8.2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. Aphereses from LPD dogs given rhG‐CSF yielded an average of 5.4 × 106 ± 3.25 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg (P = .17). Higher hematocrit in both groups of dogs receiving rhG‐CSF correlated with an increased number of CD34+ cells/kg harvested (healthy, P = .04; LPD, P = .05). Apheresis was well tolerated by all dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Canine PBMC apheresis using the Baxter‐Fenwal CS‐3000 Plus cell separator with an SVSCH and SVCC is a feasible and safe option for harvesting an adequate number of CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells from dogs weighing ≥17 kg for hematopoietic cell transplantation.  相似文献   

15.
Background: In the US little spatially defined information regarding exposure to most vector‐borne pathogens in dogs is available for the states of California (CA), Oregon (OR), and Washington (WA). Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of seroprevalence for 4 vector‐borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Dirofilaria immitis, across the 3 western coastal states of the contiguous United States that extend from the northern Mexican to the southern Canadian border. Methods: A convenience sample, targeting blood from 20 pet dogs per county across CA, OR, and WA, was evaluated using a canine point‐of‐care ELISA kit. Geographic coordinates of home zip code were displayed using a geographic information system. A total of 2431 dogs from CA, OR, and WA were tested. Results: The overall seroprevalence was highest for A. phagocytophilum (2.4%), followed by B. burgdorferi (1.2%), and E. canis (0.7%). The prevalence of infection with D. immitis was 0.7%. At the individual dog level, there was a significant association between seropositivity to B. burgdorferi and A. phagocytophilum (odds ratio=18.7, 95% confidence interval=6.8–47.1). For most positive results, prevalence tended to decrease with increasing latitude; thus, the highest rates of seropositivity occurred in CA, followed by OR, and then WA; one exception was seropositivity for B. burgdorferi, which was higher in WA (0.38%) than in OR (0.15%), but considerably lower than in CA (2.00%). In WA, dogs that tested positive for A. phagocytophilum, E. canis, and B. burgdorferi were in the southern Puget Sound area. For D. immitis, none of the dogs in WA was positive. Conclusions: Seropositivity for vector‐borne pathogens is broadly but patchily distributed in dogs in CA, OR, and WA.  相似文献   

16.
Objective To describe an ultrasound‐guided technique and the anatomical basis for three clinically useful nerve blocks in dogs. Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Four hound‐cross dogs aged 2 ± 0 years (mean ± SD) weighing 30 ± 5 kg and four Beagles aged 2 ± 0 years and weighing 8.5 ± 0.5 kg. Methods Axillary brachial plexus, femoral, and sciatic combined ultrasound/electrolocation‐guided nerve blocks were performed sequentially and bilaterally using a lidocaine solution mixed with methylene blue. Sciatic nerve blocks were not performed in the hounds. After the blocks, the dogs were euthanatized and each relevant site dissected. Results Axillary brachial plexus block Landmark blood vessels and the roots of the brachial plexus were identified by ultrasound in all eight dogs. Anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the four ventral nerve roots (C6, C7, C8, and T1) and the axillary vessels. Three roots (C7, C8, and T1) were adequately stained bilaterally in all dogs. Femoral nerve block Landmark blood vessels (femoral artery and femoral vein), the femoral and saphenous nerves and the medial portion of the rectus femoris muscle were identified by ultrasound in all dogs. Anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the femoral vessels, femoral nerve, and the rectus femoris muscle. The femoral nerves were adequately stained bilaterally in all dogs. Sciatic nerve block. Ultrasound landmarks (semimembranosus muscle, the fascia of the biceps femoris muscle and the sciatic nerve) could be identified in all of the dogs. In the four Beagles, anatomical examination confirmed the relationship between the biceps femoris muscle, the semimembranosus muscle, and the sciatic nerve. In the Beagles, all but one of the sciatic nerves were stained adequately. Conclusions and clinical relevance Ultrasound‐guided needle insertion is an accurate method for depositing local anesthetic for axillary brachial plexus, femoral, and sciatic nerve blocks.  相似文献   

17.

Background

Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathophysiology of several diseases and has been documented as a contributor to disease in both the human and veterinary literature. One at‐risk cell is the erythrocyte, however, the role of oxidative stress in anemia in dogs has not been widely investigated.

Hypothesis/Objective

Anemic dogs will have an alteration in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), a decrease in of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and an increased concentration of urinary 15‐F2‐isoprostanes (F2‐IsoP) when compared to healthy dogs.

Animals

40 client‐owned dogs with anemia (PCV <30%) age‐matched to 40 client‐owned healthy control dogs.

Methods

Prospective, cross‐sectional study. Whole blood GPx activity, plasma TAC, and urinary F2‐isoprostane concentrations were evaluated in each dog and compared between groups.

Results

Anemic dogs had significantly lower GPx activity (43.1 × 103 +/‐ 1.6 × 103 U/L) than did dogs in the control group (75.8 × 103 +/‐ 2.0 × 103 U/L; P < 0.0001). The GPx activity in dogs with hemolysis (103 +/‐ 0.8 × 103 U/L) was not significantly different (P = 0.57) than in dogs with nonhemolytic anemia (43.5 × 103 +/‐ 1.1 × 103 U/L). The TAC concentrations (P = 0.15) and urinary F2‐isoprostanes (P = 0.73) did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly decreased in anemic dogs indicating oxidative stress. Additional studies are warranted to determine if antioxidant supplementation would improve survival and overall outcome as part of a therapeutic regimen for anemic dogs.  相似文献   

18.
Objective: To describe peritoneal drain fluid volume, fluid cytology, and blood‐to‐peritoneal fluid lactate and glucose concentration differences after exploratory celiotomy in normal dogs. Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Healthy Beagle dogs (n=10). Methods: After exploratory celiotomy, a peritoneal drain was placed, and peritoneal fluid was recorded every 6 hours for 7 days. Fluid was submitted for cytologic examination, and fluid and blood glucose and lactate concentrations were recorded every 12 hours. On day 7, drains were removed and drain tips submitted for aerobic bacterial culture. Results: Mean peritoneal fluid volume decreased from 2.8 mL/kg/day (day 1) to 0.6 mL/kg/day (day 7). All dogs had degenerate neutrophils in peritoneal fluid throughout the 7 days. Four dogs developed contaminated drains. Blood‐to‐peritoneal glucose concentration differences>20 mg/dL occurred after day 4. By day 7, 5 of 7 dogs with patent drains had blood‐to‐peritoneal lactate concentration differences70% of dogs had differences consistent with septic peritonitis each day. Postoperative blood‐to‐peritoneal fluid glucose and lactate difference may not be reliable indicators of septic peritonitis when evaluating abdominal fluid collected with closed suction drains.  相似文献   

19.

Objective

To examine the accuracy of using body fluids macroscopically suspected to contain erythrocytes to determine the blood type in dogs and cats by use of an immunochromatographic cartridge (ICC), compared to systemic blood as the reference standard.

Design

Prospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

Thirty client-owned dogs and 8 cats.

Interventions

Dogs and cats with a sanguineous or serosanguineous body fluid (SBF) that also required a blood sample were eligible for inclusion. PCV and blood type were determined in all blood and fluid samples. For body fluids with a low PCV and discordant blood type results compared to systemic blood, sample concentration and repeat blood typing from the fluid was performed when enough sample was available.

Measurement and Main Results

Body fluid samples consisted of 16 pleural (11 dogs; 5 cats), 12 peritoneal (10 dogs; 2 cats), and 4 canine pericardial effusions, 3 urine samples, and 1 each of feces and epistaxis from dogs and a seroma sample from a cat. Median (range) manual PCV of blood and fluid samples was 34% (14%–66%) and 6% (0.5%–70%) for dogs and 28% (14%–48%) and 14% (0.5%–19%) for cats, respectively. Dogs were correctly classified as being DEA 1 negative, DEA 1 positive, and DEA 1 weak positive when using body fluid for blood typing 13 of 14, 4 of 9, and 5 of 7, respectively. All reference blood type to fluid blood type (FBT) discordant results had a body fluid PCV equal to or below 2%. Subsequently concentrated body fluid samples had a PCV above 8% and repeat FBT matched reference blood type (RBT). All cats were classified as type A by all RBTs and FBTs.

Conclusions

Body fluids containing erythrocytes may be utilized to blood type dogs if sufficiently concentrated and type A cats.  相似文献   

20.
Sera from dogs suffering from scabies were used to evaluate possible antigenic cross‐reactivity with proteins from house dust or storage mites. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on gradient gels was used to create size‐dependent protein bands of Sarcoptes scabiei ssp. vulpis, Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Anti‐canine IgG antibodies conjugated with alkaline phosphatase were used for immunostaining. Different patterns for Sarcoptes could be seen with strong bands repetitively observed of approximately 22, 112, 116, 132 and 200 kD in size. The band at approximately 22 kD seems likely to have cross‐reactivity with a protein of the same size in A. siro. The one at approximately 200 kD might share antigenic activity with bands of D. farinae and, to a lesser extent, D. pteronyssinus. Funding: Laupeneck AG.  相似文献   

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