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1.
本研究旨在为培育高抗灰斑病品种挖掘优良种质资源。以1164份大豆资源（国内915份、国外145份和野生104份）为试验材料,通过人工接种大豆灰斑病病菌条件下鉴定材料抗病性。1164份供试材料灰斑病病情指数平均为52.2%,遗传变异系数为23.9%;64.9%的品种具有灰斑病抗性;抗性最高的是‘承豆6号’,病情指数为10%;国外品种资源群体对灰斑病抗性高于野生高于国内;国内13个省份的供试材料中黑龙江群体材料对灰斑病具有较高的抗性,平均病情指数为52.0%;在黑龙江品种资源的7个主要类型中,‘垦农号’系列群体表现对灰斑病最高的抗性,93.8%品种对灰斑病具有不同程度的抗病性;其次是‘垦鉴豆号’系列和‘绥农号’系列,抗病性品种占比分别为88.2%和85.7%;同时筛选出10份对灰斑病高抗的黑龙江品种分别为‘垦农19号’、‘垦农17号’、‘黑农43号’、‘黑农47号’、‘垦鉴豆4号’、‘垦鉴豆33’、‘绥农11号’、‘绥农12号’、‘绥农15号’和‘东农43号’。大豆种质资源灰斑病的抗病性保留着丰富的遗传变异;10个高抗品种可以作为培育抗灰斑病品种的资源材料。 相似文献
2.
大豆灰斑病、根腐病和疫霉病是生产上主要发生的病害,对大豆的产量和品质影响很大,用抗病品种是防治病害的有效方法,抗病资源筛选鉴定是抗病育种的基础。因此,本研究对这3 种病害进行抗病性鉴定,旨在筛选出单抗和多抗资源。用人工接种鉴定的方法,对139 份大豆材料分别接种大豆灰斑病菌、根腐病菌、疫霉病菌,进行单一病害鉴定,发病后按每种病害的抗性评价标准确定每份材料的抗病性。结果表明,对大豆灰斑病和疫霉病表现高抗的材料总计为51份,中抗材料总计为80份;对大豆灰斑病和根腐病表现为抗病材料总计为102 份;对3 种病害鉴定为感病的材料总计为179 份。抗2 种以上病害鉴定结果为,抗根腐病和疫霉病的材料12份;抗灰斑病和疫霉病的材料14份;抗灰斑病和根腐病的材料16分。抗3种病害的材料7份。明确了在供试的大豆材料中对单一病害的抗源居多,抗2 种以上病害特别是抗3种病害的材料较少,因此,应合理的利用这些多抗性的资源材料。 相似文献
3.
大豆对主要病害多抗性种质资源鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年黑龙江省生产上大豆病害发生严重,已成为影响大豆高产、优质的限制因素之一,调查、发现、了解大豆生产上病害发生危害情况,筛选和培育抗病品种是控制病害危害的最经济有效途径。本试验大量收集了国内外大豆资源材料,分别鉴定各品种（系）对大豆灰斑病、疫霉病和根腐病的抗性,然后进行双抗和多抗性鉴定。共筛选出3份抗灰斑病和疫霉病的双抗资源,筛选出3份抗根腐病和疫霉病的双抗资源,筛选出2份抗病毒病和灰斑病的双抗资源。为抗病育种提供了宝贵的多抗亲本。 相似文献
4.
明确三江平原地区主栽大豆品种对主要大豆根腐病致病菌尖孢镰孢菌的抗性。收集了该地区主栽大豆品种13 个,对其同时进行盆栽接种和大田接种尖孢镰孢菌的抗性分析试验,大田接种试验设不接种对照。‘垦丰16’和‘合丰55’的抗性最好,盆栽试验中均表现为抗病,平均病情指数分别为15.33%和20.67%,大田接种试验中表现为抗病,病情指数分别为25.55%和22.89%,与未接种对照相比,减产率最低,分别为3.55%和3.77%,差异达到显著水平。‘垦丰16’和‘合丰55’是适宜三江平原地区种植的抗尖孢镰孢菌根腐病的抗病品种。 相似文献
5.
SRAP标记对甜菜抗根腐病品种的遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为进一步鉴定分析抗根腐病的优良甜菜品种,为日后选育种植优良抗病甜菜品种提供依据,本研究采用田间调查与分子标记相结合的方法,利用10对SRAP引物组合对11份国内外品种进行分子标记检测,通过SRAP-PCR扩增,共产生85条扩增带,65条多态性条带,平均多态性百分比为76.5%。平均遗传距离为0.5057,平均遗传相似系数为0.6031。田间调查结果显示,国外品种根腐病感病率为 2.9%~4.2%,国内品种根腐病感病率为2.0%~3.1%,参试的国内品种根腐病感病率普遍低于国外品种。按照UPGMA方法进行聚类分析,在遗传距离0.20处,可将11份供试材料分为3个类群。结果表明,参试的国内品种的抗根腐病性较好于国外品种,抗根腐病性较好的品种有‘TY301’（国内）、‘TY303’（国内）、‘CK-TY312’（国内）、‘HI055’（国外）。SRAP分子标记对于甜菜抗根腐病性较好的品种的划分具有参考价值。 相似文献
6.
病害是影响玉米生产的重要生物逆境,培育抗病品种是玉米病害防控最为经济、有效和环保的策略。本研究以我国“十三五”期间国家东华北春玉米区域试验(中早熟、中熟和中晚熟3个熟期组)中724份(次)参试品种的病害鉴定数据进行分析,病害包括玉米大斑病、丝黑穗病、禾谷镰孢茎腐病、灰斑病和禾谷镰孢穗腐病。结果表明, 5种病害抗性级别以中抗和感病为主,中早熟、中熟和中晚熟组的这2个级别分别占总数的82.94%、84.12%和72.46%;中晚熟组抗性强于中熟和中早熟,中早熟、中熟和中晚熟组达到中抗(MR)以上的品种分别占总数的50.24%、56.37%和69.33%,其中,达高抗(HR)的分别占4.52%、4.41%和7.84%,达抗(R)的分别占8.73%、10.59%和18.88%;大斑病和灰斑病的抗原较为缺乏,均无高抗品种,中早熟组达到抗(R)以上水平的病害排序从高到低是禾谷镰孢茎腐病、丝黑穗病、禾谷镰孢穗腐病、灰斑病和大斑病,中熟组排序是禾谷镰孢穗腐病、禾谷镰孢茎腐病、丝黑穗病、灰斑病和大斑病,中晚熟组排序是禾谷镰孢穗腐病、禾谷镰孢茎腐病、丝黑穗病、大斑病和灰斑病;年际间鉴定结果受气候环境影响较... 相似文献
7.
黑龙江省大豆主栽品种对灰斑病菌10个生理小种的抗性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对黑龙江省大豆主栽品种进行灰斑病生理小种水平上的抗性鉴定,10个生理小种对主栽品种的致病率在37.5%~85%之间,最高为6号生理小种。主栽品种中,有的只具有单一的专化抗性,有的则可以分别抵抗几个甚至全部生理小种,具有广谱抗性,抗8个以上生理小种的品种共5个,占主栽品种总数的25%,感8个以上生理小种的品种共6个,占主栽品种总数的30%。 相似文献
8.
本文旨在发掘大豆品种资源中抗灰斑病7号生理小种优异等位变异,为培育抗灰斑病品种提供遗传信息和载体材料。以202份大豆品种为试验材料,鉴定材料抗灰斑病7号生理小种的抗病性。利用SSR标记进行全基因组扫描,采用TASSEL 3.0软件的GLM模型和MLM模型对大豆品种的灰斑病抗性与标记进行关联分析。结果表明,2种模型共同检测到12个与灰斑病7号生理小种抗性显著关联的位点,各标记对表型变异的解释率为2.00%~15.47%,共同检测到增效作用的等位变异共有20个,其中增效表型效应值最大的等位变异是Satt549-263(18.88),载体材料为‘合丰29’;其次为Satt372-291(17.92),载体材料为‘合丰34’。发掘到的等位变异信息和载体材料为培育抗灰斑病品种亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择提供了依据。 相似文献
9.
野生大豆资源对灰斑病抗性鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
开展野生大豆资源对灰斑病抗性鉴定,旨在为拓宽大豆灰斑病抗病的新基因资源和鉴定新的抗病种质,用于抗灰斑病育种工作。在大豆生育阶段R3-R4时期对104份野生大豆材料进行人工接种灰斑病菌。结果表明：抗病材料有29份,占供试材料的27.9%;中抗材料有45份,占供试材料的43.3%;感病材料有30份,占供试材料的28.8%。用灰斑病菌多菌株接种于104份野生大豆材料进行抗病性指数测定,结果表明：有86份材料抗性指数较高,对不同来源的菌株均表现了一定的抗病性,这些材料可用于水平抗性育种工作。野生大豆资源中有丰富的抗灰斑病基因资源,即有单一抗性资源还有广谱抗性资源。 相似文献
10.
黑龙江省南部水稻品种稻曲病抗性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨黑龙江省南部稻区稻曲病的抗性级别及稻曲病田间发病情况,采用自然感病辅以人工接种的方法,调查分析了62份常规粳稻田间稻曲病发生病穴率、病穗率、稻曲球粒数等指标。结果表明:病穴率范围为0.89%~90.00%,平均病穴率22.49%,病穗率范围为0.04%~14.11%,平均病穗率2.63%,病情指数范围0~5.02,平均病情指数1.08,筛选得到‘松粳14’、‘W01’、‘W38’等3个免疫品种,42个抗性品种,抗性品种共占87.10%,总体抗感比为54:8。黑龙江省南部稻区大多数水稻品种对稻曲病具有抗性,品种间对稻曲病存在抗性差异,生产上应该提倡种植抗性强的品种以防止病害发生。 相似文献
11.
四川盆地栽培油菜品种菌核病抗性监测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在对四川盆地主栽油菜品种抗菌核病性进行监测评价,为品种合理应用提供参考依据。于2018、2019连续两年在田间病圃内,对31个油菜市场品种采用人工菌丝块组织接种法接种核盘菌,调查油菜茎秆、分枝角果等组织菌核病发病程度,评价各品种菌核病抗（耐）病性。结果表明：有21个品种抗性稳定,即两年抗病性表现一致。其中‘德虹油1号’高抗（耐）菌核病,‘德名油100’和‘科乐油998’中抗（耐）菌核病;‘科源油2号’、‘宜油17’等10个品种低抗（耐）菌核病。‘油研11’、‘德油5号’等8个品种低感菌核病。‘德油9号’、‘宜油19’等10品种抗（耐）性菌核病性不稳定或丧失。综上,‘德虹油1号’、‘德名油100’和‘科乐油998’3个品种可作为抗病育种亲本或利用品种进行病害防控推广应用。 相似文献
12.
为加快选育优质、高产淀粉型甘薯新品种,以优质淀粉型甘薯品种‘西成007’为母本,通过开放授粉的方法获得实生种子。在田间,经过实生苗初筛和高代鉴定获得稳产的候选材料,再结合西南联合试验和抗病鉴定筛选,最终选育出优质高产的淀粉型甘薯新品种,定名为‘川薯231’。对‘川薯231’的形态特征、开花习性、产量、抗病性、品质以及优势特征进行了研究。在2017和2018年的西南联合试验中‘川薯231’平均鲜薯产量为33.84 t/hm2,平均干率为35.62%,薯干产量为11.87 t/hm2,淀粉率为23.01%,均超出对照‘徐薯22’。‘川薯231’在大田抗病中表现为抗蔓割病,中抗黑斑病和根腐病。在生长特性上‘川薯231’薯块表现为萌芽性好,幼苗生长势强。‘川薯231’属于优质、高产淀粉型新品种,其具备的萌芽性好和生长速度快的特征,能够减少种薯消耗,提早栽插,延长大田生长期,增加经济效益。此外,‘川薯231’在田间生长速度快,有利于增强其抗逆性,具有较大的市场潜力,可为改良具有较强抗逆性的优质、高产淀粉型甘薯新品种提供重要的育种材料。在2021年‘川薯... 相似文献
13.
Xiao-Ling Wu Jin-Ming Zhao Shi Sun Feng Yang Yuan-Chao Wang Jun-Yi Gai Han Xing 《Euphytica》2010,176(2):261-268
Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease affecting soybean production regions throughout the world. The utilization of resistant cultivars
is the most economical and environmentally safe method for controlling this disease. This work aims to screen the effective
sources of special and partial resistance for the development of resistant cultivars. A total of 611 soybean germplasm lines
from three ecological regions were evaluated for their responses to three P. sojae strains, namely, PNJ1, PNJ3, and PNJ4, using the hypocotyl inoculation technique. The soybean germplasm lines elicited eight
different reaction types with three strains. Among these, 106 were resistant and 253 were susceptible to the three strains.
A total of 123 soybean germplasm lines identified as susceptible to the three strains by the hypocotyl inoculation method
were evaluated for partial resistance to PNJ1 using the slant board assay. Thirty-nine cultivars displayed high levels of
partial resistance to PNJ1. The results of this study can be utilized to plant appropriately resistant cultivars in infected
fields and to provide good breeding materials. 相似文献
14.
44份大豆微核心种质抗菌核病鉴定与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大豆菌核病又称白腐病,是一种真菌性病害。主要由真菌 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary侵染,是世界范围的大豆病害,也是我国大豆主产区的主要病害。本研究利用不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物对44份大豆微核心种质进行连续2年的田间接种鉴定,筛选抗/耐菌核病的大豆种质资源,为大豆抗菌核病育种提供优异抗性种质。结果表明,(1)不同大豆种质对菌核病的抗性不同,在44份微核心种质中,中抗种质6份(13.64%),中感种质27份(61.36%),感病种质9份(20.45%),高感I种质2份(4.55%),其中合丰24、大天鹅蛋、倪丁花眉豆、牛毛黄、大黄豆和五月黄6个中抗种质可作为抗性亲本用于大豆抗菌核病育种。(2)不同地区和寄主来源的4个菌核病分离物致病性不同,分离物黑西5(黑龙江省,大豆),病情指数49.32,病斑长度达到5.93 mm,致病性最强;黑饶24(黑龙江省,大豆)与Qin 24(青海省,油菜)致病性次之;Hef 50(安徽省,油菜),病情指数为39.02,病斑长度为3.65 mm,致病性最弱。用黑西5鉴定和筛选抗菌核病大豆种质最为有效。 相似文献
15.
Studies on resistance to bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato) in tomato cv. Ontario 7710 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. U. Kozik 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):526-530
Plants of 17 tomato cultivars and four wild Lycopersicon accessions were evaluated for their reaction to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) in a greenhouse following a leaf‐spray inoculation. The genotypes exhibited a large amount of variation in response to Pst infection, with disease severity index (DSI) ratings from 0.2 to 3.9. The cultivar ‘Ontario 7710’ and two accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum (LA 1773 and LA 1775) were the most resistant, with DSI values of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, respectively. Three varieties, M 1812, Kujawski and Warszawski, also showed a high level of tolerance. The most susceptible was ‘A 100’(DSI = 3.9). The inheritance of resistance to bacterial speck was investigated by disease tests in segregated populations obtained by hybridizing the tomato cv. Ontario 7710 with the susceptible variety ‘A 100′. Plants were rated for disease severity by inspecting each plant and were then evaluated according to phenotypic similarity to ‘Ontario 7710’ or ‘A 100’ in respect of the number and size of the spots. Genetic analysis in F1, F2 and backcross segregations indicated that resistance of'Ontario 7710’ to Pst is conferred by one incompletely dominant gene, Pto. 相似文献
16.
In order to identify chromosomes involved in resistance to Fusarium head blight, a set of 21 substitution lines of Triticum macha (resistant) chromosomes into ‘Hobbit’'sib’(susceptible) were evaluated in trials over 2 years. For the first year's trial, all plants were inoculated on the same day with a conidial suspension of F. culmorum. For the second trial, individual plants were inoculated precisely at mid anthesis of each plant over a period of 2 weeks. The disease level was assessed by visual scoring, relative ear weight and F. culmorumn‐specfic quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that T. macha chromosomes 1B, 4A and 7A conferred good overall resistance, suggesting that they carry important genes for resistance. In two additional trials, T. macha and ‘Hobbit’'sib’ were evaluated for resistance to brown foot rot. The results showed that T. macha was more susceptible than ‘Hobbit’‘sib’, indicating that stem base disease response is not correlated with head blight resistance in these cultivars. 相似文献
17.
为明确不同鲜食玉米品种抗丝黑穗病差异,本研究采用田间人工接种法,于2015—2017年在甘肃省天水市甘谷县对89份甘肃省区试鲜食玉米品种进行抗性鉴定。结果表明,在89份鲜食玉米品种中,9份材料‘彩糯1号’、‘甘甜糯1号’、‘秦粮糯902’、‘九洋双色蜜’、‘AP358’、‘酒糯4103’、‘雅玉1号’、‘禾糯1号’和‘田福糯1号’表现高抗(HR);5份材料‘保糯1号’、‘田福糯2号’、‘甘垦糯2号’、‘金辉306’和‘瑞糯260’表现抗(R);9份材料‘华甜玉6号’、‘白玉909’、‘朝糯606’、‘12009’、‘银玉16号’、‘黄糯90’、‘白甜糯828’、‘原玉糯505’和‘仲甜5号’表现中抗(MR);其余36份和30份表现感(S)和高感(HS);高抗、抗、中抗、感、高感分别占供试玉米品种的10.11%、5.62%、10.11%、40.45%和33.71%。 相似文献
18.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is an important perennial forage crop that is widely cultivated in Europe. Clover rot remains a major disease in red clover, but resistance breeding is hampered by the lack of available sources of resistance. Moreover, little is known about the factors that influence clover rot resistance. In this paper we evaluated the variation in clover rot susceptibility among a diverse collection of 113 red clover accessions, with the aim of identifying more resistant accessions. Clover rot susceptibility was assessed with a high throughput bio-test on young plants. We found significant variation in clover rot susceptibility, within and among accessions. ‘Tedi’, ‘Maro’ and ‘No 292’ were the most resistant accessions. Fifteen diploid accessions were more susceptible than the average accession with the cultivar ‘Nemaro’ being the most susceptible. Clover rot susceptibility was not correlated with isoflavone levels from Mullaney et al. (Agronomy abstract. ASA, Madison, p 195, 2000). Cultivars were more resistant than landraces and wild accessions and tetraploid cultivars were more resistant than diploid cultivars. Besides the in-depth analysis for clover rot susceptibility, possible correlations with plant architecture and other diseases were investigated. Growth habit, branching, plant yield, flowering date and susceptibility to mildew, virus and rust diseases were investigated in a 3-year field trial. Unlike previously suggested, clover rot susceptibility was not correlated with branching or with plant yield over three years. On the other hand, late flowering accessions and accessions with erect growth habit were less susceptible to clover rot. Clover rot susceptibility was not correlated with susceptibility to rust disease (Uromyces trifolii) or viral diseases, but negatively with susceptibility to mildew (Erysiphe polygoni). Because no completely resistant accessions were found, the best way to improve clover rot resistance would be to select recurrently for resistant genotypes among diverse cultivars and landraces with lower susceptibility. Tetraploidisation of diploid populations with a higher resistance level can provide an additional level of protection. 相似文献