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通过对鲤产卵时常用的浮性巢(浮巢)和底铺巢(底巢)进行着卵与孵化实验,对其着卵率、受精率、出苗率、成活率和水霉感染率进行比较,综合评述了两种方法在鲤孵化中的优、缺点及适用范围。 相似文献
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我场于1992年对以往竹杆绑扎式鱼巢改成框架缝制式底巢,加大了产卵池底覆盖面积,不仅降低了劳动强度,还提高了鱼巢接卵率15%以上,使接卵率达95%以上。本方法适用于水泥池催产孵化鲤鱼。现将改进方法及措施简述如下: 一、底巢的制作 相似文献
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<正>鲤鱼人工繁殖中,由于各个生产场家的孵化水源、孵化 工具、生产规模和操作习惯不同,鱼卵孵化所采取的方式也 不一样。不同孵化方式,其受精率、孵化率、出苗率也不 同。为探讨不同生产设备的孵化效果,2005年我们就长江水 产研究所鱼类选育种中心鲤鱼不同孵化方式进行了比较试 验,现总结如下。 相似文献
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团头鲂卵膜较厚，透明度小，在目前孵化生产条件下，很难检查其受精率。但在孵化生产实践中，却需要及时检查受精率，以便采取措施。因而有必要寻找一种简单、快速而准确的检查团头鲂卵受精率的方法。检查鲤鱼卵受精率的方法能否用于检查团头鲂卵的受精率呢?笔者通过试验，得到了肯定的结果。检查的方法是： 相似文献
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早脱膜现象，即胚胎大概发育至尾结出现期到肌肉效应期，卵膜就被溶解，放出胚体，沉入水底。胚体因失去了卵膜的保护，绝大多数不能继续发育下去，因此，降低了出苗率。鱼卵早脱膜原因较复杂，归纳起来有以下几点：1、亲鱼的成熟度较差，卵膜薄而无弹性，由于孵化过程中受机械损伤而早脱膜；人孵化用水循环使用，水中积累一定的孵化酶，引起卵膜早溶；3、将不同时间产的卵放在同一环道中套孵，早产的卵先孵化放出了孵化酶，因而使晚产的，胚胎尚未发育完全的卵提早脱膜；4‘孵化用水不清洁，含氧量低，胚胎在低氧的情况下，孵化腺的分泌活… 相似文献
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目前我省一些地区，鲤鱼的接卵孵化，仍以棕榈皮为附着物，但由于其在孵化过程中其本身逐渐腐败或因其质地较密容易沾挂污物耗氧，很容易败坏水质，并且其做成的底巢通透性较差，易造成局部缺氧，从而降低了孵化率。为了提高底巢的孵化率，我们在黑龙江水产研究所民富鱼类良种培育中心，利用窗纱代替棕榈皮底巢进行孵化。经试验，发现窗纱底巢能很好地解决棕榈皮存在的弊端， 相似文献
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通过不同孵化方法的繁殖试验,比较了胡子鲶3种孵化方法的受精、孵化效果以及孵出10 d后的鱼苗成活率。试验结果:A组(对照组,常规孵化桶孵化模式)平均受精率为85.7%,平均孵化率为74.1%,10 d后鱼苗平均成活率为88.11%;B组(薄膜氧气袋充氧孵化模式)平均受精率为93.4%,平均孵化率为90.3%,10 d后鱼苗平均成活率为88.98%;C组(薄膜氧气袋充氧,并放在泡沫箱内保温的孵化模式)平均受精率为95.0%,平均孵化率为92.1%,10 d后平均成活率为84.57%。结果表明,B、C组薄膜氧气袋的孵化效果好于A组,薄膜氧气袋孵化模式具有保温、节能、节水等作用,且生产上方便、可操作性强,有利于胡子鲶苗种的规模化繁殖。 相似文献
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采捕野生粗唇鮠成鱼，驯养培育半年，使之达到性成熟。采用鲤鱼脑垂体与释放激素类似物等混合催产剂，分两次注射。在27℃～28℃的水温下，其效应时间为15h，催产率达90％。粗唇鮠卵具强粘性，人工授精时用任氏液适当稀释，用网板粘卵，在“蜂巢式”孵化槽内微流水孵化。采用以上技术，卵的受精率为71％，胚胎发育时间为50h。初孵仔鱼有3d左右的附着期，出膜4d后开口，其开口饵料为小型枝角类。 相似文献
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Yoshiaki Ina Wataru Sakamoto Shigeru Miyashita Hiromu Fukuda Shinsuke Torisawa Tsutomu Takagi 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(6):1293-1299
It is necessary to understand the processes involved in sinking death in Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis aquaculture in order to develop methods to prevent or minimize this problem. We observed the nighttime vertical distribution of Pacific bluefin tuna in the water column on 2–9 DAH and the morphological characteristics of the larvae, in order to clarify the processes involved in sinking death. A cuboid tank (height 300 cm) was used to measure vertical distribution. The number of larvae was counted in each of 4 regions in the observation tank: upper layer (water depth 0–100 cm), middle layer (100–200 cm), lower layer (200–300 cm), and bottom area. The distribution of larvae in these regions at 4 days after hatching was polarized to the upper layer and bottom area. Individuals with inflated swim bladders were observed in the upper layer 3 days after hatching. No larvae with inflated swim bladders were observed in the bottom area on any day after hatching. Total body length and caudal fin aspect ratio of larvae with both inflated and un-inflated swim bladders were greater in the upper layer than those of larvae in the bottom area. Larvae with un-inflated swim bladders that failed to develop sufficiently for swimming sank to the tank bottom and died. Swim bladder development and caudal fin swimming ability are strongly related to sinking death. 相似文献
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西江人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼效果评估 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2015~2016年在西江郁南、云安和高要江段开展了人工鱼巢增殖鲤鱼的实验工作,通过实施期间鱼巢粘附鱼卵数量以及同期鲤鱼资源状况调查对其增殖效果进行了评价。结果表明:两年人工鱼巢分别粘附鱼卵量达4.78亿粒和4.66亿粒,粘附鱼卵孵化出膜后统计全部为鲤鱼,按照自然水体鲤鱼苗的成活率5%计算,两年分别可增殖鲤鱼苗2 120万尾和2 020万尾,实现渔业捕捞经济效益增长达1 272万元和1 212万元。实践证明:选择好适宜的鱼巢投放位置和下水时间,保持鱼巢材料的新鲜能使人工鱼巢达到更好的效果,人工鱼巢是一种简单可行且易推广的鱼类增殖方法。 相似文献
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用显微注射技术导入外源DNA对鲤鱼和虹鳟鱼受精卵孵化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本报道了利用显微注射技术导入外源基因分别对鲤鱼和虹鳟鱼授精卵孵化率影响的研究。从1993年－1996年4年中，我们用显微注射方法，将全鱼生长激素基因导入虹鳟鱼授精卵（包括囊胚期卵）5，676粒，孵出鱼苗364尾，孵化率为6.4%(4年平均，虹鳟鱼正常孵化率为80％）；而用这种方法，将全鱼生长激素基因导入鲤鱼授精卵12，196粒，孵出鱼苗4，290，孵化率为34．0％（4年平均，鲤鱼正常孵化率为70％左右）。实验结果：显微注射技术在虹鳟鱼和鲤鱼两种受精卵上的效果明显不同，斑点杂交和SouthernBlot杂交结果相近。 相似文献
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To assess strain related differences in growth performance and growth patterns under the same culture environment, four strains of common carp, two each of the scale carp, Cyprinus carpio var. communis (Chinese big-belly carp and long bodied carp) and mirror carp, C. carpio var. specularis (scattered carp and linear carp) were communally stocked in three fertilized earthen ponds of 0.14 ha each at 5,000 fish ha?1 in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 during an 11-month (February to December) culture cycle. Chinese big-belly carp grew larger than other groups, among which there were no significant differences. Scale carp strains performed relatively better than mirror carp at higher temperatures and then essentially stopped growing as temperatures declined into winter. The strains of mirror carp, on the other hand continued growing well later into the cold season. 相似文献
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A polyculture experiment with the large carp rohu, catla and either mrigal or common carp (as cash crop fish), and the small indigenous fish punti (as food for the farmer's family) was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The main objectives were to compare polycultures of large carp in which the bottom feeder is either the native mrigal or the exotic common carp, and to assess the effects of adding the small indigenous species punti to those polycultures. The results of fish–fish interactions and overall fish production have already been reported. The present paper presents the effects on the water quality, and discusses fish–environment interactions. The main conclusions are: time changes in the pond environment were stronger than fish composition effects. The main practice affecting water quality was liming, that incresed alkalinity, pH and water transparency and decreased ammonia. Rain affected photosynthesis and the match‐mismatch of the two steps of nitrification. The more that bottom feeding fish species disrupt the mud bottom, the stronger their effects on pond environment. Common carp produce the strongest disruption of the mud bottom, followed by punti and then by mrigal. Mud disruption produced by common carp leads to a stronger liming effect, nutrient release into the water, and provides more particles that rain‐floods wash out, facilitating the mismatch of the two steps of nitrification, and increased phosphorus adsorption into the mud bottom. Mud disruption by punti is only enough to improve the liming effect. Mud disruption by mrigal is the least, hence less particles are resuspended, nitrification is not affected during floods and relatively more phosphate remains in the water available for photosynthesis. The bottom feeder common carp can be seen not only as a target‐cultured fish but also as a management tool. Farmers can get double benefit in introducing common carp in the ponds as it enhances the effectiveness of lime application and increases the availability of nutrients to phytoplankton. Through the manipulation of species in the polyculture alone, farmers can maintain the environment better and also reduce input costs. 相似文献
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A sustainable semi-intensive pond aquaculture technology including major carp species (Indian, Chinese and common carp) as cash-crop and small indigenous fish species (SIS) as food for the farmers' families is being optimized in Bangladesh. Silver carp inclusion in the polyculture is now being considered, because this very efficient filter feeder has a strong impact on pond ecology and also on the farmers' family nutrition because it is a cheap fish that the family can afford to eat instead of selling. The present paper is centered on the reduction of silver carp negative effects on other species while keeping the advantages of increased total yield and income due to silver carp stocking. It presents the results of two experiments, one on-station and one on-farm, in which 3–5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or partially substituted major carp filter feeders. The basic stocking density was 100 carps (rohu, catla and a bottom feeder, either mrigal or common carp, at a 1:1:1 ratio) and 250 SIS (punti and mola) per 100 m2. In the on-station experiment silver carp density was 3 and 5 fish/100 m2 and the large carp bottom feeder was common carp. In the on-farm experiment silver carp density was 5 fish/100 m2 and the bottom feeder was either common carp or mrigal.Most of the water quality and fish performance parameters tested were not affected by the polyculture composition. Adding 3–5% silver carp or substituting 3–5% of the herbivorous fish species by this highly efficient filter feeder increased grazing pressure on the phytoplankton, which led to a 25–40% reduction of the chlorophyll concentration in the water column. The increased grazing pressure was not enough to affect other water quality parameters and fewer effects on the availability of food for the other fish species occurred than when the silver carp addition was 10% of the polyculture, as reported in a previous work. The strong negative effects of silver carp on the other species of the polyculture and the higher total yields and income recorded in previous experiments with the addition of 10 silver carp/100 m2 were much weaker and their expression depended on other pond conditions when 3 or 5 silver carp/100 m2 were added or substituted the same number of rohu or catla, either when the bottom feeder was mrigal or common carp. It was concluded that stocking 3 silver carp/100 m2 over the usual 100 large carp and 250 SIS /100 m2 can be considered a ‘no effect’ stocking density in relation to the control without silver carp, while stocking 10 silver carp/100 m2 should be preferred by farmers to keep the option of selling or consuming the silver carp. 相似文献
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A breeding experiment on Pangasius sutchi was conducted from July 2008 to September 2008 in a hatchery in West Bengal, India, using three different inducing agents, each injected at two different dosages: carp pituitary extract (CPE) and two synthetic hormones, Ovaprim and Ovatide. The fertilization rate was 82% to 91%. Hatching took place within 34 to 36 hours from the time of fertilization, with a hatching rate 73% to 79%. The response to spawning with CPE was best with Ovatide and Ovaprim in terms of percentage of fertilization, high hatching rate, and ease of stripping. 相似文献
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Martin Kocour Stphane Mauger Marek Rodina David Gela Otomar Linhart Marc Vandeputte 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,270(1-4):43-50
Heritability estimates with a microsatellite parentage assignment based pedigree are of special interest in common carp cultured under traditional pond conditions. This method reduces common environment effects as all families can be grown immediately after hatching mixed in the same pond. We applied this method to study genetics of growth and processing traits in common carp at market size (1.5 kg and more). The experimental progeny was established by crossing 147 two-year old males and 8 females (six to eight-year old) of Hungarian synthetic mirror carp population. The fish grew up through three vegetation seasons and at the end a sample of 331 fish was examined for biometrical traits (standard length, body weight, relative head length, relative body height, relative body width), percent fat and processing traits (% processed body, % fillets with skin, % fillets without skin). It was shown that sex had a significant effect on most traits: females were larger and fatter than males, and they had both higher percent processed body and percent fillet with skin. Standard length, body weight, percent fat and relative head length had a high heritability (> 0.5), while relative body height, relative body width, percent processed body and fillet yields had a medium heritability (0.2–0.5). We found relatively high positive genetic correlations between body size (standard length and body weight) and percent fat (0.71 and 0.59, respectively), favourable genetic correlations between body size and percent processed body (0.69 for standard length and 0.74 for body weight) and between body size and fillet yields (0.50–0.77). Genetic correlations between body size and body shape (relative head length, relative body height and relative body width) were weak to moderate, thus selection for better growth should have little impact towards more rotund shape. Relative head length had strong negative correlation (− 0.7 to − 0.9) with percent fat, percent processed body and percent fillet yields. This means that indirect selection for reduced relative head length should be effective in improving of fillet yield. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》2003,16(5):450-456
This study summarizes optimization of techniques for common carp artificial propagation including improvements of activation solution (AS), the process of insemination, and elimination of egg stickiness. The optimum gamete ratio for good fertilization and hatching rate ranged from 8490 to 23 672 spermatozoa per egg, when dechlorinated tap water was used. Optimal ratio between eggs (weight in g) and AS (in ml) was defined as 1:1 to 1:2. Different concentrations of AS such as NaCl from 0 to 34 mM (0–68 mOsmol kg–1) did not change fertilization and hatching rates. An AS adopted for carp spermatozoa (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8) was compared with other saline AS; only the 51 mM (102 mOsmol kg–1) NaCl solution decreased fertilization and hatching rate. The AS containing 20 mM Tris–HCl at pH 9 increased fertilization and hatching rates compared to dechlorinated tap water of pH 7 or to AS of pH 6 and 7. Adhesiveness from the eggs was successfully removed by incubation in Alcalase DX (PLN 04715) using two successive steps with different enzyme concentrations. The first step with an enzyme concentration of 2 ml l–1 was applied from 8 to 20 min after fertilization. Later in a second step, the best time for application of alcalase enzyme at a concentration of 20 ml l–1 was for 45 and 60 s at 20 min after fertilization leading to fertilization and hatching rates of 80–87%. The α-Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1. Merck) was also found effective for elimination of stickiness. Results with α-Chymotrypsin enzyme indicate that the response to success in elimination of stickiness is highly variable mainly due to differences in the environment, quality of water and carp strains. 相似文献
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分子群体遗传学方法处理鲤形态学数据的适用性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在鱼类形态学性状的数据处理分析中,主要利用数理统计分析软件进行形态学数据的聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析,而随着现代分子生物学技术的发展,一系列分子群体遗传学数据分析方法和处理软件应运而生。为研究分子群体遗传学方法对鱼类形态学数据分析的适用性,实验以兴国红鲤、玻璃红鲤、荷包红鲤完全双列杂交产生的9个群体形态学数据为对象,比较了传统形态学方法与分子群体遗传学方法对鱼类形态学性状的分析效果。结果发现,两类方法的聚类分析结果一致;主成分分析的结果表明,传统形态学分析方法能反映个体间的形态差异,而分子群体遗传学方法则能更好地反映群体间的形态差异;判别分析结果显示,两类方法的综合判别率相当;利用STRUCTURE软件进行的遗传聚类分析结果也发现,两类方法所得的结果一致。研究表明,应用传统形态学方法与分子群体遗传学方法分析鲤形态学性状是一致的,分子群体遗传学方法处理鲤科鱼类形态学数据是可行的。 相似文献