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Mohsen A. El-Guindy Mostafa M. Abdel-Sattar Abdel Rahman M. El-Refai 《Pest management science》1983,14(3):253-260
The ovicidal action of four insecticides and three insect growth regulators, on eggs of various ages of the susceptible (S) strain of Spodoptera littoralis, was investigated. The results revealed that diflubenzuron was the most toxic compound tested on 0-1-day-old eggs, followed by triprene and then methoprene; chlorpyrifos came next in its toxicity, followed by cypermethrin then fenvalerate; methomyl was the least effective. With the progress of embryonic development, 1-2-day-old eggs showed slight tolerance to the action of the pesticides and juvenoids, but apparently resisted the action of diflubenzuron. Eggs 2-3 days old showed increased tolerance to the insecticides and diflubenzuron and, to a lesser extent, to the action of the two juvenoids. A total of 21 insecticide or insect growth regulator-insecticide mixtures, based on their toxicity equivalents (LD25 + LD25), were applied jointly on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain. The mixtures which produced high synergism on this stage could be arranged, according to their decreasing order of potentiation, as follows: fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene, cypermethrin/methoprene, fenvalerate/ methoprene, cypermethrin/methomyl, cypermethrin/diflubenzuron, fenvalerate/triprene, diflubenzuron/methoprene and methomyl/triprene. The mixtures that produced synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs were also tested against the 1-2 and 2-3-day-oldeggs of the S strain. Theresults indicated that themixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin with either triprene or diflubenzuron, when tested on 1-2-day-old eggs, produced levels of synergism nearly similar to those achieved on newly deposited eggs. On the other hand, the mixtures cypermethrin/methomyl, and fenvalerate with methoprene or triprene, showed comparatively lower levels of synergism. However, the synergistic action of the mixture cypermethrin/methoprene, previously detected on newly deposited eggs, became an additive effect on 1-2-day-old eggs. Only the mixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene and fenvalerate/methoprene showed synergism on 2-3-day-old eggs. The mixtures which showed synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain were further tested on eggs of various ages of the diflubenzuron-resistant (Rd) strain. As regards 0-1-day-old eggs, only the combinations cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene and fenvalerate/methoprene produced additive effects. The mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron was still synergistic against newly deposited eggs of the Rd strain, in a manner similar to that indicated with the S strain. Apparent levels of antagonism were shown to the other insecticide-juvenoid mixtures as well as to the diflubenzuron/methoprene combination. The combinations cypermethrin/methomyl and fenvalerate/diflubenzuron had some effect on the freshly deposited eggs of the Rd strain but produced lower levels of potentiation. With the increase in age of the eggs, the mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron showed a lower level of synergism on the 1-2 day-old eggs than was observed in younger eggs. The additive effects, previously detected with some of the mixtures on newly deposited eggs became an antagonistic effect for the 1-2-day-old eggs. The eggs at this stage were more able to resist thejoint action of the other mixtures tested. Moreover, with further increase in the age of the eggs, the combination cypermethrin/diflubenzuron produced a lower level of potentiation on 2-3 day-old eggs, followed by fenvalerate/diflubenzuron at an even lower level, while the other mixtures showed various levels of antagonism. 相似文献
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Mohsen A. El-Guindy Mostafa M. Abdel-Sattar Abdel Rahman M. El-Refai 《Pest management science》1983,14(3):246-252
The joint action of insecticides, or of mixtures of insect growth regulators and insecticides, on the susceptible (S) strain and diflubenzuron-resistant (Rd) strain of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. was investigated. The joint action of the insecticides and/or insect growth regulator mixtures was determined by mixing them in proportion to their activity equivalents at the LD25 or ED25 levels. A total of 15 mixtures of two synthetic pyrethroids, two organophosphorus, one carbamate and one organochlorine insecticides, were applied to the fourth-instar larvae of the S and Rd strains. The insecticide mixtures cypermethrin/methomyl and cypermethrin/endrin exhibited high and moderate levels of synergism on the S strain, respectively. However the mixtures chlorpyrifos/methomyl, phosfolan/methomyl, and phosfolan/endrin produced antagonism, while the other mixtures showed varying levels of additive effects. The response of the fourth-instar larvae of the S strain, to the joint action of diflubenzuron/juvenoid, diflubenzuron/insecticide, or insecticide/juvenoid mixtures, revealed that diflubenzuron produced high levels of synergism when combined with methoprene and progressively less with fenvalerate, methomyl and cypermethrin. On the other hand, the mixture diflubenzuron/triprene was antagonistic. Fenvalerate with the two juvenoids produced synergism while methomyl showed an additive effect with methoprene. However, the mixtures cypermethrin/methoprene, cypermethrin/triprene and methomyl/triprene produced antagonism. The mixtures that produced potentiation on the fourth-instar larvae of the S strain lost their high potency when tested against the Rd strain. The results also indicated that insecticide/juvenoid mixtures, when applied on 2-day-old pupae of the S strain, were synergistic, except in the case of cypermethrin/methoprene and methomyl/triprene mixtures, for which additive effects were observed. When the mixtures that had synergistic effects on the S strain were tested on the Rd strain, the results revealed that their synergistic effects were apparently reduced. This was attributed to the fact that the generalised levels of tolerance in the Rd strain towards various compounds may have influenced the several defence mechanisms to act against the synergistic action of the chemical mixtures. 相似文献
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Keng-Hong Tan 《Pest management science》1981,12(6):619-626
An antifeeding (feeding deterrent) response by first- and fifth-instar larvae of Pieris brassicae was shown to be significant at sub-lethal levels of cypermethrin and permethrin, using leaf-discs treated with the pyrethroids by dipping. Permethrin was slightly more effective than cypermethrin both as an insecticide and as an antifeedant against fifth-instar larvae, but the reverse order of effectiveness was observed, with a marked difference in mortality, against newly-hatched larvae. When 1-day-old fifth-instar larvae were continuously given leaf discs treated with a solution of the pyrethroid (1 mg litre?1), up to the time of pupation, both cypermethrin and permethrin induced a significant extension of the larval period, with a reduction in the maximum larval and pupal weights, as well as a reduction in the total leaf-area consumed. However, at higher levels of both pyrethroids, lowering the temperature induced some irritancy, as indicated by regurgitation and frequent uncoordinated wriggling movements of the fifth-instar larvae. The advantages of cypermethrin as a protectant and as an antifeedant over permethrin are discussed. 相似文献
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The development of resistance to an insecticide under various types of application method has yet to be reported in the literature. Five fall armyworm Spodoptera armigera (JE Smith) colonies were reared in a chamber for ten generations before starting topical application bioassays. From each colony, 200-500 third-fourth-instar larvae were fed for 72 h on corn plants sprayed with cypermethrin or spinosad at minimum application rate (20 g ha(-1)) using a small droplet size nozzle XR8001VS (volume median diameter D(v0.5) = 163 microm) or a large droplet size nozzle XR8008VS (D(v0.5) = 519 microm). Surviving larvae were transferred to untreated corn leaves to complete their life cycle. Next-generation third-instar larvae of each colony were topically dosed with technical cypermethrin or spinosad at 1 microL per larva, and mortality was recorded 24 h post-treatment. The results indicated that cypermethrin demonstrated an insecticidal activity greater than that of spinosad, and the cypermethrin regression lines moved to the right faster than those for spinosad, indicating an increased tolerance of cypermethrin. Generally, larvae from all generations (F1-F7) under the XR8008VS treatments were less susceptible to cypermethrin and developed resistance faster and to higher levels than larvae from the XR8001VS treatments. The confidence limits (95%) of LD(50) for all spinosad treatments indicated that there was no significant difference from the LD(50) value of the susceptible reference strain. The results are a first indication that application technology/insecticide reaction may affect the rapidity of resistance development in certain pest/plant scenarios, but field studies are needed to confirm this conclusion. 相似文献
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不同壁材高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂在土壤中迁移与光解的差异性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
分别制备了以脲醛树脂、密胺树脂、聚氨酯和聚脲为壁材的10%高效氯氰菊酯微囊悬浮剂,采用土壤薄层层析法、紫外光解法和室内自然光照对比法,通过高效液相色谱测定了各微囊悬浮剂在土壤中的迁移以及在紫外光和自然光照下的光解作用。结果表明:在粒径相近的情况下,以水为展开剂时,分别以聚脲、聚氨酯、密胺树脂和脲醛树脂为壁材的微囊悬浮剂的迁移性依次减小;同一壁材的微囊悬浮剂,迁移性随粒径增加而增大;在紫外光照射下,光解速率由大到小依次为高效氯氰菊酯原药,10%高效氯氰菊酯乳油,以及以聚脲、聚氨酯、密胺树脂和脲醛树脂为壁材的微囊悬浮剂,其半衰期分别是2.3、9.4、20.7、39.0、45.8 和51.9 h;在自然光照条件下,上述各药剂的半衰期分别是5.8、5.9、6.9、6.7、12.9和17.3 d。将高效氯氰菊酯制备成微囊悬浮剂后其在自然条件下的光解明显低于原药和乳油,可延长其持效期。 相似文献
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Sreelakshmi Pattapu Thomas Biju Mathew A. Josephrajkumar Ambily Paul 《Phytoparasitica》2018,46(1):97-104
The present study was undertaken to assess the insecticide resistance developed in various field collected population of S. litura and to induce susceptibility by using the synergists. Third-instar larvae collected from three different locations of Kerala viz., Thiruvananthapuram (TVM), Pathanamthitta (PTA) and Alappuzha (ALP) were exposed to conventional insecticides like chlorpyriphos, quinalphos, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin by leaf dip bioassay and resistance ratios were calculated by using the baseline data generated for respective insecticides using susceptible strain. Resistance ratios recorded were 1965, 840 and 320 against chlorpyriphos, 605, 255 and 59 against quinalphos, 926, 250 and 108 against lambda-cyahlothrin and 2566, 534 and 396 against cypermethrin respectively for TVM, PTA and ALP populations. The effect of selected synergists viz., piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) was studied in combination with respective test insecticides against the highly resistant population of S.litura collected from TVM of Kerala. The population was tested with insecticide in combination of the above synergists at different ratios. When PBO, TPP and DEM at ratio of 1:4 were used the synergistic ratio was 8.47, 7.26 and 3.98 for chlorpyriphos, 6.09, 5.26 and 3.05 for quinalphos, 13.37, 4.53 and 7.39 for lambda cyhalothrin and 4.77, 3.36 and 3.40 for cypermethrin respectively. PBO showed highest synergistic activity against both the organophosphates tested followed by DEM and TPP. Highest synergistic activity against synthetic pyrethroids also was shown by PBO, followed by TPP and DEM. The results obtained from the present study revealed that PBO at 1:4 ratio showed higher synergism with the test insecticides against the resistant populations of S.litura and proved to be an effective molecule alternate for breaking the resistance against conventional organophosphates and synthetic pyrethroids. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Spodoptera litura (F.) is an important pest worldwide, with over 112 host plants, and is exposed to insecticides throughout the year, resulting in the rapid development of resistance. Insecticide mixtures can delay the development of resistance more effectively than sequences or rotations. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, profenofos, chlorpyrifos and fipronil were assessed separately and in mixtures against laboratory susceptible S. litura and two field‐collected populations. RESULTS: The field‐collected population from Khanewal (KWL) was significantly more resistant to cypermethrin, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos and profenofos than one collected from Muzaffar Garh (MGH). Mixtures of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos and of deltamethrin + chlorpyrifos or profenofos at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios significantly increased (P < 0.01) toxicity to cypermethrin and deltamethrin in field populations. The combination indices of cypermethrin + chlorpyrifos at 1:1 and 1:10 ratios and cypermethrin + fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for the KWL strain and of cypermethrin + profenofos or fipronil at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:20 ratios for MGH were significantly below 1, suggesting synergistic interactions. The inhibitors DEF and PBO largely overcame resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin and profenofos, suggesting that resistance to the insecticides was associated with esterase and monooxygenase detoxification respectively. CONCLUSION: Chlorpyrifos, profenofos and fipronil could be used in mixtures to restore cypermethrin and deltamethrin susceptibility. These findings may have considerable practical implications for S. litura resistance management. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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A range of insecticides was applied at recommended application rates against populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) carrying various combinations of three insecticide resistance mechanisms (carboxylesterase-based metabolic resistance and two target-site mechanisms, known as MACE and kdr), supported on either Chinese cabbage or potatoes in field simulator cages. Patterns of response were similar on both host species. MACE conferred extreme resistance to pirimicarb and triazamate (dimethylcarbamate insecticides). The kdr mechanism was associated with resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin (pyrethroid insecticides). A mixture of pirimicarb plus lambda-cyhalothrin was only effective against M persicae not carrying kdr or carrying kdr and low carboxylesterase-based resistance. None of the insecticides tested was effective against M persicae carrying both MACE and kdr resistance. The implications of these findings for the formulation of control strategies, based on regular monitoring of resistance genotype frequencies, are discussed. 相似文献
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运用分子对接、分子动力学、结合自由能计算和丙氨酸扫描等分子模拟方法,研究了人血清白蛋白 (human serum albumin,HSA) 与氯氰菊酯的结合模式。结果表明:氯氰菊酯与HSA结合形成了稳定的复合物,与其氨基酸残基Arg209形成1个氢键,结合自由能为 –83.43 kJ/mol,其中范德华力是结合的主要驱动力,极性溶剂化能是主要抑制力。丙氨酸突变扫描结果显示,氨基酸残基Lys199的ΔΔGbind值为16.78 kJ/mol,是HSA和氯氰菊酯结合的关键氨基酸。该研究结果为阐明氯氰菊酯在人体内的代谢机制提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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贵州地区茶叶及茶汤中氯氰菊酯残留量检测及其摄入风险分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用气相色谱建立了茶叶样品中氯氰菊酯残留量检测方法;通过对贵州省市售茶叶样品中氯氰菊酯的残留情况进行抽检,以了解其市售茶叶的安全性;通过田间试验制备浸泡实验用茶叶样品,设计正交实验研究了影响茶汤中氯氰菊酯浸出率的因素。结果表明,市场抽检茶叶样品中氯氰菊酯残留量平均值为0.919 mg/kg,最高残留量为1.52 mg/kg,低于茶叶中氯氰菊酯的最大残留限量(MRL)标准20 mg/kg;正交实验表明,浸泡次数和浸泡时间是影响氯氰菊酯浸出率的主要因素,茶汤中氯氰菊酯的最高浸出率为5.76%。按人均最高泡茶用量13 g/d计算,由饮茶而进入人体 的氯氰菊酯的最大量为1.5×10-2 mg/d,按氯氰菊酯每日最大允许摄入量(ADI)为0.05 mg/kg bw、 平均体重60 kg计,则其安全系数(K)为200。 相似文献
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We investigated the sub-lethal influences of spinosad, chlorpyriphos, endosulfan, acephate and cypermethrin on the oviposition responses of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to cotton plants, under cage and laboratory conditions. The rank order of toxicity (LC50 values as a per cent) of test insecticides against third instar larvae using the leaf disc method was: spinosad > chlorpyriphos > endosulfan > acephate > cypermethrin. On whole plants, females laid more eggs on acephate LC50-, acephate LC30- and cypermethrin LC50-treated cotton plants than on the control. The chlorpyriphos-treated plants were least preferred for oviposition. When excised cotton leaves from different treatments were used in a multiple-choice test, cypermethrin LC50- and endosulfan LC30-treated leaves received more eggs than the control. The repeated application of sub-lethal concentrations of different insecticides reduced plant height in the case of acephate LC30 and cypermethrin LC50, while plant spread and upper canopy leaf area were reduced in both treatments of acephate and cypermethrin. Reduced plant spread, upper canopy leaf area followed by plant height were found associated with oviposition preference by H. armigera females. 相似文献
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Freeman L. McEwen Heinz E. Braun Gwen M. Ritcey Richard Frank 《Pest management science》1986,17(2):150-154
Foliar applications of synthetic pyrethroids were made to several crops to determine residue levels at various intervals after application. On onions, residues of cypermethrin, permethrin and fenvalerate were negligible > 0.1 mg kg?1, 7 days after application. On lettuce, residues of fenvalerate and permethrin were 0.8 mg kg?1. On celery, residues of fenvalerate did not decline and ranged from 0.12 to 0.25 mg kg?1 during the 14-day period. On green bush-beans, residues of permethrin and cypermethrin did not decline during the 14-day period and ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 mg kg?1. By day 7, residues of cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate and permethrin on strawberries were less than the acceptable maximum tolerance of 0.1 mg kg?1 with the exception of cypermethrin, applied at the rate of 0.14 kg a.i. ha?1 which gave a residue of 0.14 mg kg?1. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective particle size of DDGS (distiller's dried grains with solubles) as fire ant bait carrier, as well as the most effective concentration of cypermethrin as a toxicant against the red imported fire ant (RIFA) Solenopsis invicta Buren under laboratory conditions. RESULTS: The DDGS particle size did not affect the fire ant's preference for the bait, but it did affect the mass of DDGS being carried back to the nest. The size of the DDGS particles and the mass of DDGS being carried back to the nest were positively correlated. The most efficient particle size of DDGS was 0.8–2 mm. The concentration of cypermethrin has a specific range for killing fire ants in an efficient manner. Neither a very low nor a very high concentration of cypermethrin was able to kill fire ants efficiently. The most effective concentration of cypermethrin was 0.13% in DDGS when mixed with 15% shrimp shell powders and 11% soybean oil. CONCLUSION: Based on its ability to kill fire ants when mixed with cypermethrin, as well as the advantage of having a larger area coverage when sprayed in the field, DDGS as the carrier and cypermethrin as the toxicant can be considered to be an efficient way to prepare fire ant bait for controlling fire ants in infested areas. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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为考察氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留行为,于2016年在山西、山东、天津、安徽、云南和河南进行了氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的规范残留田间试验。两种作物均包括6地的最终残留量试验和1地的消解动态试验。按照现行的蔬菜中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留测定的国家标准方法对样品进行检测,对方法的有效性进行了评价。田间试验结果表明:氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的消解动态均符合准一级动力学方程,消解半衰期分别为3.2 d和1.8 d。最后一次施药3、5和7 d后,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿上的残留中值分别为1.64、1.19和0.89 mg/kg,在油麦菜上的残留中值分别为0.84、0.50和0.28 mg/kg。结合不同试验点试验期间昼夜平均气温发现,气温对氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上的残留量有明显影响。施药期间较低的气温下,氯氰菊酯在茼蒿和油麦菜上消解缓慢,残留风险明显增大。建议在实际生产中遇到低温天气应适当延长采收间隔期,另外在开展农药残留田间试验时应重视气象条件对残留试验结果的影响。 相似文献
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A bioassay method has been developed for the screening of pyrethroids for contact toxicity against Limnoria species which should prove suitable for insecticides with low water-solubility. Less than 1% of a topically applied dose of cypermethrin (4.8 ng per isopod) was lost to the sea-water from the body surface; the pharmacokinetics of cypermethrin in the isopod accounted for the fate of the remainder. LD50 parameter estimates obtained by this method represent measurements of absolute toxicity; NRDC 161b proved the most effective of three pyrethroids tested. 相似文献
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三种增效剂对甜菜夜蛾防治的增效作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
甜菜夜蛾 Spodoptera exigua( Hübner)近年来在我国很多地区爆发成灾 ,发生区域南至广东、台湾、福建 ,北到东北地区 ,而且其与棉铃虫 ( H elicoverpa armigera Hübner)一样 ,都是杂食性害虫 ,寄主植物十分广泛。甜菜夜蛾爆发的原因很多 [1 ] ,其中对常规化学农药的高抗性是重要原因之一 [2 ]。利用增效剂增强农药对抗性害虫的防治效果是害虫抗性治理的主要措施之一 ,如增效醚 ( PBO)、MGK2 6 4被推荐与拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂混合使用防治对有机磷、拟除虫菊酯类农药有抗性的田间小菜蛾 [3] 。本试验利用采自田间的甜菜夜蛾种群 ,测定了 … 相似文献