共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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DING Yangyang ZHAO Huijing GUAN Weijun HE Xiaohong PU Yabin JIANG Lin MA Yuehui ZHAO Qianjun 《中国畜牧兽医》2007,47(9):2724-2731
The purpose of this study was to isolate goat hair follicle cells,and to explore the expression of TGF-β/smad pathway-related genes,providing a good model for the research on the mechanism of goat hair follicle development in vitro.In this study,two steps of neutral protease and collagenase digestion were used to treat the skin on the back of goats,the hair follicle cells were isolated and purified under stereomicroscope.Cellular immunofluorescence and Western blotting method were used to verify the expression of α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA) and VIM (vimentin,VIM),and the expression of related genes of the TGF-β/smad pathway in goat hair papilla cells were examined.The results showed that the isolated goat hair follicle cells in adherent culture after separation grew slowly and had mature morphology after 15 days of separation and could be subcultured.The results of immunofluorescence and Western blotting showed that both α-SMA and VIM were positive in vitro cultured hair papilla cells.The expression of smad4 and smad5 genes in the TGF-β/smad pathway were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05),and the expression of smad2,smad6,and smad7 were extremely significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01).These key genes related to hair follicle development were highly expressed.This study successfully isolated goat dermal papilla cells,which would give a good theoretical basis and cell model for studying the hair follicle development mechanism in vitro. 相似文献
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试验旨在分离山羊毛乳头细胞,并探索其中TGF-β/smad通路相关基因的表达,为体外开展山羊毛囊发育的相关机制研究提供良好模型。采用中性蛋白酶与胶原酶两步消化法对山羊背部皮肤做处理,在体视显微镜下分离毛乳头细胞并进行纯化。细胞免疫荧光和Western blotting验证平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA）和波形蛋白（vimentin,VIM）在体外培养的毛乳头细胞中的表达,并检测TGF-β/smad通路中相关基因在山羊毛乳头细胞中的表达情况。结果显示,分离后进行贴壁培养的毛乳头细胞生长较慢,在分离15 d后具有成熟形态,可进行传代培养。细胞免疫荧光和Western blotting结果表明,α-SMA和VIM在体外培养的毛乳头细胞中均表达,TGF-β/smad通路中smad4、smad5基因的表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,smad2、smad6、smad7基因的表达量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,这些与毛囊发育相关的关键基因均呈现高表达,表明毛乳头细胞可能通过TGF-β/smad通路的调控从而影响毛囊的发育。本研究成功分离出山羊毛乳头细胞,为体外研究山羊毛囊发育机制奠定良好的理论基础和细胞模型。 相似文献
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羊毛弯曲是影响羊毛品质高低的关键因素之一，毛股弯曲的减少以及毛股由紧实变得蓬松会导致羊毛品质下降，从而影响皮毛价值。毛囊是调控毛发生长的皮肤附属器官，对于毛发弯曲形状的形成具有重要作用。近年来，有关羊、小鼠等动物毛发纤维弯曲形成的相关研究以及毛囊发育调控等取得了一定进展。本文介绍了羊毛纤维结构的特点，阐述了毛囊发育相关重要调控信号通路及其对毛发弯曲的影响，最后，基于羊毛弯曲相关的基因和蛋白的研究进展进行综述。通过对羊毛弯曲及毛囊发育相关生物学机制进行总结，以期对羊毛弯曲及毛囊发育的相关分子机制的研究提供理论依据，同时也对改良羊毛弯曲性状的工作提供一些参考。 相似文献
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Lineage‐specific evolution of bitter taste receptor genes in the giant and red pandas implies dietary adaptation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Taste 2 receptors (TAS2R) mediate bitterness perception in mammals, thus are called bitter taste receptors. It is believed that these genes evolved in response to species‐specific diets. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red panda (Ailurus fulgens styani) in the order Carnivora are specialized herbivores with an almost exclusive bamboo diet (>90% bamboo). Because bamboo is full of bitter tasting compounds, we hypothesized that adaptive evolution has occurred at TAS2R genes in giant and red pandas throughout the course of their dietary shift. Here, we characterized 195 TAS2R genes in 9 Carnivora species and examined selective pressures on these genes. We found that both pandas harbor more putative functional TAS2R genes than other carnivores, and pseudogenized TAS2R genes in the giant panda are different from the red panda. The purifying selection on TAS2R1, TAS2R9 and TAS2R38 in the giant panda, and TAS2R62 in the red panda, has been strengthened throughout the course of adaptation to bamboo diet, while selective constraint on TAS2R4 and TAS2R38 in the red panda is relaxed. Remarkably, a few positively selected sites on TAS2R42 have been specifically detected in the giant panda. These results suggest an adaptive response in both pandas to a dietary shift from carnivory to herbivory, and TAS2R genes evolved independently in the 2 pandas. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular basis of mammalian sensory evolution and the process of adaptation to new ecological niches. 相似文献
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旨在探究KRT16在长毛兔毛囊发育过程中的表达规律及功能。本试验选取12只健康的6月龄皖系长毛兔，于剪毛后在生长期、退行期和休止期选取背部皮肤采样。通过克隆得到兔KRT16基因的编码序列，利用生物信息学软件对KRT16编码序列(CDS)的生物学特性进行初步分析。实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)分析KRT16在毛囊不同时期表达量。在毛囊毛乳头细胞(dermal papilla cell, DPC)中过表达和敲低KRT16,探究KRT16对毛囊生长发育相关基因的调控作用，以及对DPC增殖的影响。结果显示，KRT16基因的编码序列全长1 431 bp,可编码476个氨基酸，在不同哺乳动物中表现出高度同源性。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示，在毛囊发育周期中，KRT16在毛囊发育周期呈现出不同的表达水平，在生长期高表达。通过在兔毛乳头细胞中过表达与敲减KRT16,检测毛囊发育相关基因的表达水平变化，过表达KRT16后，SFRP2和TGFβ1基因的mRNA表达量极显著下降(P<0.01),BCL2、CCND1、EGF、LEF1和CTNNB... 相似文献
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旨在探究中卫山羊羊毛弯曲随生长发生变化的分子机制，挖掘不同发育时期影响羊毛弯曲度的关键基因。试验采集了3只中卫山羊出生后45日龄（弯曲毛）和365日龄（直毛）的皮肤组织，进行转录组测序（RNA-seq），使用WGCNA与GSEA分析找出Hub基因。以P-value<0.05和|log2FoldChange|≥1作为差异表达基因筛选的标准，45日龄为对照组，365日龄为试验组共筛选得到1 252个显著差异表达基因，包括812个表达上调基因和440个下调基因。基于WGCNA方法分析共得到14个模块，其中黄色和绿松石模块与被毛弯曲表型相关。利用String和Cytoscape构建网络，筛选到20个影响羊毛弯曲度的核心基因。从GSEA结果中筛选的被显著富集通路Hedgehog signaling pathway、JAK/STAT signaling pathway、TGF/BETA signaling pathway等参与了毛囊发育调控。综合KEGG、WGCNA、分子网络构建、GSEA分析结果，共同筛选得到基因CCL27、IL7、WNT2，推断这3个基因在调控毛囊发育中起到了关键的调控作用。本研究为进一步阐明动物毛发弯曲的分子机制提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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为了研究褪黑激素（melatonin,MT）对绒山羊皮肤毛囊基因表达的影响,筛选与皮肤毛囊发育相关的重要基因．选取处于皮肤毛囊发育生长起始点（5月）的内蒙古绒山羊罕山型个体6只,分别作为埋植组（皮下埋植MT,n=3）和对照组（不埋植MT,n=3）,以绒山羊个体皮肤组织为试验材料,对其进行RNA—Seq测序,利用生物信息学方法对转录组数据进行分析．在测序数据质量控制的基础上,对差异表达基因进行筛选、功能注释和富集分析。结果表明,共筛选获得了462个在埋植组与对照组中差异表达的基因,其中,上调表达208个,下调表达254个;KEGG富集性分析表明差异表达基因主要参与：代谢途径、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、脂肪酸代谢、癌症信号通路、鳞状细胞癌信号通路、黑色素合成、Wnt信号通路以及补体和凝血级联反应等,Wnt信号可能在褪黑激素调控皮肤毛囊发育中发挥重要作用．、研究结果为进一步阐明褪黑激素影响毛囊生长的分子机理提供了依据。 相似文献
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为了研究老年大熊猫肠道菌群的构成,本试验对3只圈养老年大熊猫粪便细菌构建16S rDNA克隆文库,采用限制性内切酶Hinf Ⅰ、Msp Ⅰ对其进行限制性片段长度多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)及测序分析.结果显示,老年大熊猫肠道细菌主要由变形菌门和厚壁菌门组成;变形菌门中又以大肠埃希氏菌属为主,其次为假单胞菌属、志贺氏菌属、气单胞菌属;而厚壁菌门中以链球菌属为主,其次为魏斯氏菌属、梭菌属;此外还发现一定比例的未培养细菌.本试验第一次建立了较丰富的老年大熊猫肠道菌群的克隆文库,为分析比较各年龄层大熊猫的肠道菌群结构的异同提供了参照,也为合理饲喂老年大熊猫,保障老年大熊猫的健康提供重要信息. 相似文献
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试验旨在通过对藏鸡和白羽肉鸡垂体转录组测序和生物信息学分析,筛选出与鸡生长发育相关的差异表达基因（differentially expression genes,DEGs）及信号通路。本研究选用42日龄健康藏鸡和白羽肉鸡各3只,分别采集垂体组织利用Illumina HiSeq 2000平台进行转录组mRNA测序,对筛选到的DEGs筛选DEGs,GO和KEGG数据库功能注释和富集分析,实时荧光定量PCR验证随机挑选的DEGs表达水平。结果显示,藏鸡和白羽肉鸡分别获得126 094 302和125 666 442条clean reads。与白羽肉鸡相比,藏鸡垂体组织中共有DEGs 392个,其中196个为上调基因,196个为下调基因（P<0.05）,其中包括生长激素（GH）基因、生长激素释放激素受体（GHRHR）基因和胰岛素样生长因子2 mRNA结合蛋白1（IGF2BP1）基因。GO和KEGG富集分析发现,DEGs显著富集于细胞黏附分子信号通路和神经活性配体-受体相互作用信号通路等细胞通讯相关的信号通路,GH、GHRHR和IGF2BP1基因也显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用信号通路。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,转录组测序结果准确可靠。综上研究,本研究初步揭示了影响藏鸡和白羽肉鸡生长发育速度差异的关键候选基因和信号通路,为了解鸡垂体组织调节生长发育的分子机制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Distinctive diet‐tissue isotopic discrimination factors derived from the exclusive bamboo‐eating giant panda 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Han HAN Wei WEI Yonggang NIE Wenliang ZHOU Yibo HU Qi WU Fuwen WEI 《Integrative zoology》2016,11(6):447-456
Stable isotope analysis is very useful in animal ecology, especially in diet reconstruction and trophic studies. Differences in isotope ratios between consumers and their diet, termed discrimination factors, are essential for studies of stable isotope ecology and are species‐specific and tissue‐specific. Given the specialized bamboo diet and clear foraging behavior, here, we calculated discrimination factors for carbon and nitrogen isotopes from diet to tissues (tooth enamel, hair keratin and bone collagen) for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), a species derived from meat‐eating ancestors. Our results showed that carbon discrimination factor obtained from giant panda tooth enamel (ε 13Cdiet‐enamel = 10.0‰) and nitrogen discrimination factors from hair keratin (Δ15Ndiet‐hair = 2.2‰) and bone collagen (Δ15Ndiet‐collagen = 2.3‰) were lower, and carbon discrimination factors from hair keratin (Δ13Cdiet‐hair = 5.0‰) and bone collagen (Δ13Cdiet‐collagen = 6.1‰) were higher than those of other mammalian carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. Such distinctive values are likely the result of a low‐nutrient and specialized bamboo diet, carnivore‐like digestive system and exceptionally low metabolism in giant pandas. 相似文献
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中国绵山羊养殖历史悠久,品种资源丰富,在国民经济中起重要作用。羊毛按纤维类型可分为同质毛和异质毛,同质毛的特点是被毛由同一类型的羊毛纤维组成,其特点是羊毛的纤维直径、长度、卷曲等外表特征基本相同,异质毛的特点是被毛中兼有绒毛、有髓毛、无卷曲和少卷毛等不同类型的羊毛纤维,其化学、物理性能均不相同。毛囊是控制哺乳动物被毛生长的重要器官,是唯一具有周期性发育并可终生再生的器官,控制着被毛发生发育与自然脱落。毛囊依据其形成时间和结构可分为初级毛囊(primary follicles)和次级毛囊(secondary follicles),初级毛囊生长髓质发达的粗毛,次级毛囊产生无髓毛的绒毛。有髓毛较粗长且弯曲少,多用于加工粗纺织品、毛毯、地毯、毡制品;无髓毛直径一般不超40 μm,弯曲多,是毛纺工业的优质原料。毛囊的发育受到不同信号通路和基因的影响,如Wnt信号通路、骨形态发生蛋白质(BMP)信号通路、成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF)信号通路、音猬因子(SHH)信号通路、Notch信号通路等以及角蛋白家族基因、BMPs家族基因、同源异型盒基因(Hox)等。作者对国内外对绵山羊胎儿期皮肤毛囊发育及调控机制进行综述,以期为提高以绵山羊被毛产量及改善被毛品质为主要育种目标的选育提供参考。 相似文献
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【目的】试验旨在解析鄂尔多斯细毛羊胚胎期次级毛囊诱导期形态发生过程中主要细胞类型的分子特征和分化过程。【方法】对采集的3只鄂尔多斯细毛羊(胎龄87 d)体侧部(肩胛骨后缘处)的皮肤样本进行HE染色,鉴定毛囊的发育时期;部分皮肤样本经过混样后进行单细胞转录组测序(scRNA-Seq),应用t-分布随机近邻嵌入(tSNE)分析细胞簇,分别使用胶原Ⅰ型α1链(Col1a1)和角蛋白15(Krt15)鉴定真皮谱系细胞和表皮谱系细胞,并使用皮肤组织不同细胞的标记基因进行细胞类型分析;对测序数据进行拟时序分析,探究其分化过程中差异基因的表达;通过GO功能富集分析进一步验证基因的功能。【结果】HE染色结果发现,鄂尔多斯细毛羊在胎龄87 d处于次级毛囊诱导期。通过scRNA-Seq在胎龄87 d的细毛羊体侧部皮肤细胞样品中获得10 603个细胞和18 704个基因的scRNA-Seq数据可用于下游分析。tSNE分析发现,皮肤组织中共有15个细胞簇;Col1a1和Krt15标记基因鉴定表明,真皮细胞和表皮细胞具有高度异质性。拟时序分析构建毛囊形态发生过程中真皮/表皮细胞谱系细胞的分化轨迹和基因动态表达图... 相似文献
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采用聚焦动物取样法和扫描取样法记录观察3只秦岭亚成体大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)在秦岭佛坪野化培训基地早期适应过程中的行为,依据拟定的行为类型在观察数据中随机筛选出有效记录并进行相关统计,结果表明:3只大熊猫白天的活动时间远远大于其在圈养环境下的活动时间,行为的多样性明显增大,食物期待、刻板行为大大减少;它们对集体的依赖程度随着时间的推移也越来越小,并且有分开的趋势;3只大熊猫在对环境逐渐熟悉适应之后,休息地点从圈舍周围、栖架向山坡及山坡顶部逐渐转移,各自的休息地点也相对固定。 相似文献
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The giant panda faces severe threats from habitat fragmentation and isolation. Currently, giant panda populations have been fragmented into 30 habitat patches. The disappearance of isolated small populations and studies on the genetic diversity of various populations have shown that small isolated panda populations are at a high risk of dying out completely. Habitat fragmentation has seriously impaired the ability of the giant panda to resist climate changes and other natural disasters, such as large‐scale, synchronous bamboo blooming. The Min Mountains have the largest population of pandas in China, numbering 581 individuals and accounting for 52% of the total (1114) in China. Geographic isolation means that giant pandas in the Min Mountains are divided into two populations (population A in the north and population B in the south). Population B, which had only 42 individuals in 1989, is severely threatened by high‐density human populations and the loss of genetic diversity. However, we have identified an important corridor connecting the two populations. This paper explains the importance and the feasibility of reestablishing this corridor. Due to the special geographic locations of these two populations (two rivers block the migration of giant pandas between south and north), the corridor is the only passage for giant pandas in the region. Recent studies have also shown an increase of giant panda activity in the area of the corridor. However, vegetation in the corridor has been severely degraded. Bamboo forest must be restored in this area to provide food for the pandas during migration. The effects of human activities must be reduced in order to maintain panda habitat. We believe that a restored corridor will be of great benefit to the survival of giant pandas in the Min Mountains, especially for population B. Successful re‐establishment of a corridor will be a valuable model for corridor construction in the future. 相似文献
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旨在探究年龄对大熊猫个体肠道微生态的影响。本研究采集大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）（J1（亚成年大熊猫个体）、J2（成年大熊猫个体）、J3（老年大熊猫个体））的新鲜粪便,基于16S rRNA基因技术,测定不同年龄的大熊猫个体肠道细菌组成,分析其物理和化学特征及酶活特异性,利用冗余分析（redundant analysis,RDA）分析大熊猫肠道微生物菌群丰度与其环境因子之间的关系。结果表明：在门水平上,变形菌门的相对丰度随着年龄的增加而升高,厚壁菌门的相对丰度随着年龄的增加而降低;在属水平上,链球菌属的相对丰度随着年龄的增加而降低;淀粉酶和纤维素酶的酶活力在J2肠道最高,淀粉酶活力在J3肠道最低,纤维素酶活力在J1肠道最低,蛋白酶活力在J1肠道最高,在J3肠道最低;厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度均与淀粉酶活力和还原糖含量呈正相关,变形菌门的相对丰度与还原糖含量和氨基酸含量呈负相关。研究表明,不同年龄大熊猫个体的肠道微生物菌群的表现特征不同,其肠道细菌优势菌的相对丰度与其消化酶等环境因子存在相关性;建议需对亚成年大熊猫加强饮食和生活环境管理,并可以通过添加益生菌等方式加强对老年大熊猫肠道健康的管理。 相似文献
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为比较2、35日龄滩羊皮肤毛囊的发育特点与血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2，VEGFR2）的分布特征，探究出生后滩羊被毛生长发育的变化特点，试验应用常规HE染色及改良Masson胶原纤维染色、Gomori银氨法染色、磷钨酸染色等特殊染色观察2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织结构特点；应用免疫组织化学法结合免疫荧光染色法观察VEGF及VEGFR2在2与35日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的分布定位，并用IPP图像分析软件进行定量分析。结果显示：与2日龄滩羊皮肤组织比较，35日龄滩羊表皮与真皮间界限更加清晰，毛囊结构发育完整；毛囊密度显著降低（P<0.05）；胶原纤维与弹性纤维含量增加，形成网格状分布。免疫组化及免疫荧光结果显示，VEGF及VEGFR2在滩羊皮肤表皮及毛囊外根鞘、皮脂腺上均有表达。统计表明，VEGF及VEGFR2在2日龄滩羊皮肤组织中的表达量均显著高于35日龄（P<0.05）。综合上述结果，滩羊毛囊发育过程中，胶原纤维和弹性纤维增加明显；VEGF与VEGFR2通路在毛囊角质形成中起直接调节作用。 相似文献