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1.
从新疆吐鲁番地区和乌鲁木齐市安宁渠镇白星花金龟幼虫体中分离得到的2个新疆本土绿僵菌菌株TLF和ANQ。通过形态学初步鉴定菌株ANQ和TLF为金龟子绿僵菌。利用ITS1/ITS4和ITS4/ITS86引物分别测定了菌株TLF和ANQ的rDNA-ITS序列,2个菌株与金龟子绿僵菌相似性达99.1%~99.6%。室内毒力测定结果显示,菌株TLF和ANQ对白星花金龟各龄幼虫均具有高的致病力,死亡率分别达到90%~100%和73.3%~100%。2个菌株对白星花金龟1龄和2龄幼虫的致病力显著高于3龄幼虫,表现出随着白星花金龟幼虫龄期的增大致病力均呈降低的趋势。在相同处理时间内菌株TLF较ANQ致病力强。  相似文献   

2.
为明确对白星花金龟具有引诱或驱避作用的植物及醇提物, 利用自制选择行为装置和“Y”形嗅觉仪, 测定白星花金龟对9种气味植物鲜叶及醇提物的行为反应。结果表明:白星花金龟雌、雄成虫对植物及醇提物的嗅觉反应相似, 对紫茎泽兰、青蒿、菖蒲醇提物有极显著负趋性(P<0.01); 雌成虫对香樟、苍耳醇提物具有显著负趋性(P<0.05), 对蛇床和蓖麻醇提物有极显著正趋性(P<0.01); 幼虫对臭牡丹、苍耳、蓖麻醇提物表现为正趋性; 各龄幼虫对紫茎泽兰、菖蒲醇提物均表现出负趋性, 且随着龄期的增加负趋性逐渐增大。研究结果可为白星花金龟的引诱剂或驱避剂研发提供试验依据。  相似文献   

3.
为明确白星花金龟在猕猴桃园的越冬情况,于2018—2019年在贵州修文开展了白星花金龟越冬场所及分布调查。结果表明,白星花金龟主要在田边堆肥、杂草堆积处、树干周围等场所越冬。幼虫占调查越冬虫态的96.09%,越冬场所类型对虫口数量存在显著影响(P<0.05)。12月下旬调查,幼虫主要分布在0~30 cm土层中,至第二年1月下旬,活虫总数明显减少,以0~10 cm土层中虫口减退率最高,为79.66%。幼虫主要分布在11?40 cm土层。其中,31~40 cm土层虫量有所增加,虫口减退率为-3.17%,越冬种群在土层中存在一定下潜。幼虫集中在距树干31~90 cm的土层中,除东、东南方向虫口数量较低外,树干其他方位数量均无显著差异。  相似文献   

4.
近年来,白星花金龟Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)已经成为吐鲁番葡萄、桃等果树成熟期的重要害虫。为明确其在吐鲁番葡萄上的发生规律,连续两年调查了新疆吐鲁番亚尔镇白星花金龟成虫的发生时期,并对日活跃高峰期和产卵高峰期进行了分析,同时开展了寄主对白星花金龟成虫繁殖的影响研究。结果表明:白星花金龟成虫在新疆发生时期为5月下旬至10月上旬,发生高峰期为6月中旬;产卵高峰期为7月上中旬;日活跃高峰期有两个,分别为10:00-12:00和16:00-18:00;不同寄主对白星花金龟成虫繁殖的影响不同,该虫单独取食葡萄不产卵,取食番茄、西瓜、桃和杏的成虫繁殖能力高于取食桑葚的试虫。  相似文献   

5.
白星花金龟（Ｐｏｔｏｓｉａｂｒｅｖｉａｒｓｉｓ（Ｌｅｗｉｓ））又名白星花潜、白星金龟子,是古浪县近年新发现的一种玉米害虫。一、为害特点幼虫多以腐败物为食,不为害作物。成虫飞翔力强,常群聚为害玉米花丝和籽粒,致使玉米授粉不良,籽粒残缺不全,形成“花棒”...  相似文献   

6.
刘政  孙艳  王少山  李国英 《植物保护》2010,36(6):125-127
应用平均拥挤度指标、扩散指数等6种聚集度指标以及Iwao回归法、Taylor幂函数法等方法分析了白星花金龟种群在玉米田空间分布特征。结果表明:白星花金龟种群呈现聚集分布特征,并且聚集程度较高;分析拟合了白星花金龟在玉米田中的理论抽样数学模型。  相似文献   

7.
白星花金龟严重为害玉米原因分析及治理对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
白星花金龟[Potosia(Liocola)brevitarsis(Lewis)],俗称白纹铜花金龟、白星金龟子、铜克螂。2002年在安阳市局部地区的玉米田发生严重。笔者就该虫在滑县白道口镇的发生为害情况进行了调查分析,提出了相应的治理对策。1发生为害特点1.1发生突然白星花金龟在本市农田为害,过去多见其成虫取食玉米花丝。2002年7月下旬至8月上旬的玉米吐丝授粉期至灌浆初期,田间很少见到该成虫,玉米花丝上更为少见;然而,8月中旬至9月上旬玉米灌浆盛期,突然在部分玉米田出现大量白星花金龟成虫啃食玉米籽粒。1.2为害严重白星花金龟成虫群集在玉米雌穗上,从穗轴…  相似文献   

8.
本研究通过测定二氧化碳对蛴螬的吸引力为地下害虫的防治提供参考。试验采用"Y"形嗅觉仪测定3种常见蛴螬对不同浓度二氧化碳的趋向行为,并以最趋二氧化碳浓度测试蛴螬在寄主存在环境下的选择行为。结果表明,蛴螬对二氧化碳有明显的趋向性,取食习性影响蛴螬对二氧化碳的趋性行为,植食性的暗黑鳃金龟幼虫对3%~15%低浓度范围的二氧化碳具有较好趋向性,同样为植食性的铜绿丽金龟幼虫也趋向浓度较低的二氧化碳,腐食性的白星花金龟幼虫不仅对70%高浓度的二氧化碳具有显著趋向性,而且对较低浓度的二氧化碳有趋向性。有花生根存在的背景环境下,二氧化碳的引诱力减弱,对寄主植物的选择更为显著。  相似文献   

9.
 促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)在线虫的生长发育等方面具有重要作用,本研究探索利用RNAi技术沉默南方根结线虫mapk-1基因来抑制线虫的生长发育。根据mapk-1基因的cDNA序列设计引物,通过体外转录合成约550bp的dsRNA对南方根结线虫的卵进行RNAi以沉默mapk-1基因。试验结果表明,将南方根结线虫的卵块浸泡在含有2mg/mL dsRNA的M9缓冲溶液中,24h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫数量明显多于对照组(无dsRNA),但孵化出的幼虫死亡率高达90%,而对照组的死亡率低于5%,说明mapk-1基因的沉默抑制了卵块的孵化和线虫的生长,同时将孵化的幼虫接种番茄,14d后番茄根部无根结产生,35d后无卵块产生;而浸泡72h后卵块孵化出的2龄幼虫几乎全部死亡,并且孵化的线虫数量明显少于对照。提取导入dsRNA的卵块的RNA进行半定量PCR分析,结果表明mapk-1基因的mRNA被降解。  相似文献   

10.
白星花金龟生活习性观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
白星花金龟(Potosia brevitarsis Lewi)不仅严重为害各种水果.近年来在鲜食玉米田中的为害也愈来愈重.该虫在把玉米的籽粒吃光的同时,还传播植物病害,如腐烂病等.给生产带来严重损失.可是关于白星花金龟的生物学特性等的研究报道很少.  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However, where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas. Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes.  相似文献   

14.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

17.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

18.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

19.
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen.  相似文献   

20.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

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