共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
PMV Cusack 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(6):230-247
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has been identified as the most significant infectious disease of feedlot cattle in eastern Australia.1 Bovine respiratory disease causes economic loss due to medication costs, mortalities, excessive feed inputs associated with increased time on feed, reduced sale prices and associated labour costs. Bovine respiratory disease is a complex multifactorial condition with multiple animal, environmental and management risk factors predisposing cattle to illness. A range of microorganisms are implicated in BRD with at least four viral and five bacterial species commonly involved individually or in combination. The viruses most commonly associated with BRD in Australia are bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV or bovine pestivirus), bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). More recently, bovine coronavirus has been identified as a potential viral contributor to BRD in Australia.2 A number of bacterial species have also been recognised as important to the BRD complex; these include Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilus somni, Trueperella pyogenes and Mycoplasma bovis. Although one or more of the pathogens listed above can be isolated from clinical cases of BRD, there is no evidence that infection alone causes serious illness. This indicates that, in addition to specific infectious agents, other factors are crucial for the development of BRD under field conditions. These can be categorised as environmental, animal and management risk factors. These risk factors are likely to exert their effects through multiple pathways including reductions in systemic and possibly local immunity. For example, stressors such as weaning, handling at saleyards, transport, dehydration, weather conditions, dietary changes, comingling and pen competition might reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. Reduced immunocompetence can allow opportunistic infection of the lower airways with potential pathogens leading to the development of BRD. The objective of this paper is to critically review the evidence for management practices aimed at reducing the incidence of BRD in Australian feedlot cattle. Predisposing factors (Table 1) largely beyond the control of most feedlots, such as weather and exposure to respiratory viruses, are discussed separately, but these factors can generate indirect prevention responses that are discussed under the preventative practices categories. The current practices are classified as either animal preparation practices (Table 2) or feedlot management practices (Table 3). 相似文献
2.
3.
Habacher G Pittler MH Ernst E 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2006,20(3):480-488
Acupuncture is a popular complementary treatment option in human medicine. Increasingly, owners also seek acupuncture for their animals. The aim of the systematic review reported here was to summarize and assess the clinical evidence for or against the effectiveness of acupuncture in veterinary medicine. Systematic searches were conducted on Medline, Embase, Amed, Cinahl, Japana Centra Revuo Medicina and Chikusan Bunken Kensaku. Hand-searches included conference proceedings, bibliographies, and contact with experts and veterinary acupuncture associations. There were no restrictions regarding the language of publication. All controlled clinical trials testing acupuncture in any condition of domestic animals were included. Studies using laboratory animals were excluded. Titles and abstracts of identified articles were read, and hard copies were obtained. Inclusion and exclusion of studies, data extraction, and validation were performed independently by two reviewers. Methodologic quality was evaluated by means of the Jadad score. Fourteen randomized controlled trials and 17 nonrandomized controlled trials met our criteria and were, therefore, included. The methodologic quality of these trials was variable but, on average, was low. For cutaneous pain and diarrhea, encouraging evidence exists that warrants further investigation in rigorous trials. Single studies reported some positive intergroup differences for spinal cord injury, Cushing's syndrome, lung function, hepatitis, and rumen acidosis. These trials require independent replication. On the basis of the findings of this systematic review, there is no compelling evidence to recommend or reject acupuncture for any condition in domestic animals. Some encouraging data do exist that warrant further investigation in independent rigorous trials. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
中药药物代谢动力学是在中医理论指导下,利用动力学原理与数学处理方法定量描述中药活性成分在机体内的吸收、分布、代谢及代谢过程(ADME),是一门新兴的介于数学与药理学之间的边缘学科.笔者从国内外中药药物代谢动力学发展概况及其研究的新理论、新方法进行阐述,这对中药给药方案、质量控制、新药的开发、剂型的改进等有重要的理论指导和临床实践意义. 相似文献
7.
中药和化学抗球虫药对兔球虫病的疗效对比试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
吴昌标 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2006,14(2):6-10
目的为比较中药和化学抗球虫药对兔球虫病的疗效。方法50只家兔随机均分为5组,Ⅰ组为无感染不用药空白对照组,Ⅱ~Ⅴ组各兔均感染,Ⅱ组为不用药对照组,Ⅲ组为中药组,Ⅳ组为地克珠利组,Ⅴ组为氯苯胍组,用药组饲喂含药饲料3天,兔人工感染混合球虫卵囊1×105个,观察效果。结果中药组与地克珠利组和氯苯胍组的抗球虫指数(AC I)分别为195、186和158,说明中药的抗球虫效果明显优于化学药物,两种化学药物中,地克珠利仍属高效抗球虫药,但氯苯胍的AC I仅为158,为低效抗球虫药;Ⅲ组家兔平均增重210.4 g,经t检验,与Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组比较差异显著(P<0.05),与Ⅱ组、Ⅴ组比较差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论本试验表明,中药对家兔球虫病有防治作用,并有促进家兔生长的作用。 相似文献
8.
Xuting LI Sicong LI Bin WANG Min ZHANG Dingsheng YUAN Jinliang LI Ge LIANG 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(8):1338
Borneol is a traditional Chinese medicine. In Chinese veterinary clinics, borneol and its related compounds are often used in combination with florfenicol to treat respiratory infections. This study investigated whether the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in rats was affected by its concomitant use with borneol. Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically administered borneol (50 mg/kg body weight (BW)) or 0.5% carboxymethyl-cellulose sodium for 7 consecutive days, and then intragastrically administered florfenicol (25 mg/kg BW) on the eighth day. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that borneol significantly decreased the area under the concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC(0-t)), time to reach peak concentration (Tmax), and the peak concentration (Cmax) values of florfenicol, whereas the values of mean residence time from zero to infinity (MRT(0-t)), elimination half-life (t1/2z), apparent volume of distribution fraction of the dose absorbed (Vz), and plasma clearance fraction of the dose absorbed (CLz) were increased significantly. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) and cytochrome P450 3A1 (CYP3A1) in the jejunum and of CYP1A2 and CYP2C11 in the liver were significantly upregulated by borneol. In conclusion, borneol decreased absorption, increased clearance, improved distribution, and increased the mean residence time of florfenicol in rats, possibly through regulating the mRNA expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
本文从6个方面论述制定养殖基本药物的作用与意义,并提出一个"养殖基本药物名单",其中化药与生物药307个、中药180个,合计487个。我国目前市场上可供养殖使用的兽药和饲料药剂超三千种,养殖者如何选择用好?是个大问题。我们倡导临床医疗用药要"少而精",若以"养殖基本药物名单"作基础,就有引导养殖者或兽医优选使用药物的作用。 相似文献
12.
[目的]为探讨自拟中药方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的临床效果。[方法]将辖区内发生乳房炎的奶牛30头作为研究对象,随机分为3组,各10头,A组给予常规西药治疗,B组给予自拟中药方剂治疗,C组给予中西医结合治疗,观察3组病牛的疗效。[结果]A组病牛治疗后临床总有效率为60.00%,B组为80.00%,C组为100.00%,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),提示中西医结合治疗奶牛乳房炎可取得更理想的治疗效果,C组病牛症状消失时间、痊愈时间和复发率均明显少于其余两组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]使用常规西药联合自拟中药方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎疗效明显,缩短病牛康复时间,降低复发率,效果显著,可推广使用。 相似文献
13.
中医药学和动物营养学理论在饲料添加剂生产应用中若干问题的讨论 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着人们对畜产品安全意识的不断加强,饲用抗生素与部分化学药物添加剂被禁用已成必然趋势。中草药素有“绿色药物”之称谓,我国政府也在积极推进中药现代化。在这种科技发展形势下,如何在饲料添加剂研究与中医药学的交叉中寻求切入点是一个新的课题。本文从中医理论与现代动物营养学的基本概念与特点出发,结合我国中药资源的现状,就中医药学与动物营养学在学科结合中的问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
14.
对福建省厦漳地区近几年宠物医院收治的200例犬瘟热患犬的临床症状、发病与品种、年龄和季节的关系,治疗方法和结果进行总结分析。结果表明,犬瘟热的临床症状主要表现为眼、鼻有脓性分泌物,皮肤痘疹,消化道和神经系统症状,角膜溃疡甚至穿孔等。纯种犬的发病比例最高(69%),其次为杂种犬(24%),本地犬最低(7%);4~6月龄犬的发病比例最高(35%),1岁以上犬最低(4%);春季、秋季的发病比例(49%、37%)高于夏季、冬季(13%、10%)。单纯的中兽医或西医治疗效果(60%、50%)都不理想,中西兽医结合治疗的效果最好(90%)。 相似文献
15.
不同剂量中草药与西药防治兔球虫病的比较试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用不同剂量的中草药和地克珠利对球虫病幼兔进行防治对比试验,结果显示：兔粪便中球虫卵囊的减卵率随中草药剂量的增加而增加,以1．5％中草药剂量（第3组）防治效果最好,平均减卵率为93．60％,高出0．5％中草药剂量组（第1组）8．67个百分点。高出1．0％中草药剂量组（第2组）2．45个百分点,高出地克珠利组（第5组）7．89个百分点。而不用抗球虫药的对照组（第4组）球虫卵囊比试验前增加了269．86％;平均增重,第3组为1．48±0．09kg,效果最好,比第1组（1．32±0．15kg）提高12．12％,比第2组（1．40±0．14kg）提高5．56％,比第5组（1．36±0．12kg）提高8．89％,比第4组（0．75±0．08kg）提高97．33％;料重比,第3组（2．34：1）较第5组（3．16：1）下降34．5％。试验结果表明,以1．5％中草药剂量治疗兔球虫病效果最好,不但可以治疗球虫病。而且可以提高兔的生长性能和成活率。 相似文献
16.
APPLICATION OF THE PIN-HOLE COLLIMATOR IN SMALL ANIMAL NUCLEAR SCINTIGRAPHY: A REVIEW 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karen Young BS Gfregotry B. Daniel DVM MS Anne Bahr DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(2):83-93
The pin-hole collimator is used to improve spatial resolution and magnify areas of interest. The pin-hole collimator has many applications in small animal veterinary scintigraphy. The principles of image formation for the pin-hole and parallel hole collimators are reviewed. The effects of distance on resolution and sensitivity are presented for the pin-hole and parallel hole collimators. Specific application of the pin-hole and parallel hole collimators. Specific application of the pin-hole collimator in veternary scintigraphy are discussed. 相似文献
17.
18.
Michael A. Walker 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1982,23(5):220-222
The purpose of this review is to familiarize veterinarians with basic information regarding various combinations of drugs that have been used to attempt to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. Most of the drugs utilized function as either adjuvants, radioprotectors, radiosensitizers, or immunostimulants. Examples of these agents and their limitations in clinical veterinary radiotherapy are discussed. 相似文献
19.
用茜草秧、苦参、公英等13味中药组方,对鹅大肠杆菌耐药菌株和非耐药菌株进行体外抑菌及临床治疗试验。结果,中药组方对两菌株都有较好的体外抑菌效果;临床治疗有效率100%,治愈率达90%以上。 相似文献
20.