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1.
Stimulation of pig growth performance by porcine growth hormone and growth hormone-releasing factor 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
T D Etherton J P Wiggins C S Chung C M Evock J F Rebhun P E Walton 《Journal of animal science》1986,63(5):1389-1399
The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of human growth hormone-releasing factor [hpGRF-(1-44)-NH2] on growth performance in pigs and whether this response was comparable to exogenous porcine growth hormone (pGH) treatment. Preliminary studies were conducted to determine if GRF increased plasma GH concentration after iv and im injection and the nature of the dose response. Growth hormone-releasing factor stimulated the release of pGH in a dose-dependent fashion, although the individual responses varied widely among pigs. The results from the im study were used to determine the dose of GRF to use for a 30-d growth trial. Thirty-six Yorkshire-Duroc barrows (initial wt 50 kg) were randomly allotted to one of three experimental groups (C = control, GRF and pGH). Pigs were treated daily with 30 micrograms of GRF/kg body weight by im injection in the neck. Pigs treated with pGH were also given 30 micrograms/kg body weight by im injection. Growth rate was increased 10% by pGH vs C pigs (P less than .05). Growth rate was not affected by GRF; however, hot and chilled carcass weights were increased 5% vs C pigs (P less than .05). On an absolute basis, adipose tissue mass was unaffected by pGH or GRF. Carcass lipid (percent of soft-tissue mass) was decreased 13% by GRF (P less than .05) and 18% by pGH (P less than .05). Muscle mass was significantly increased by pGH but not by GRF. There was a trend for feed efficiency to be improved by GRF; however, this was not different from control pigs. In contrast, pGH increased feed efficiency 19% vs control pigs (P less than .05). Chronic administration of GRF increased anterior pituitary weight but did not affect pituitary GH content or concentration. When blood was taken 3 h post-injection, both GRF- and pGH-treated pigs had lower blood-urea nitrogen concentrations. Serum glucose was significantly elevated by both GRF and pGH treatment. This was associated with an elevation in serum insulin. These results indicate that increasing the GH concentration in blood by either exogenous GH or GRF enhances growth performance. The effects of pGH were more marked than for GRF. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dose of GRF to administer in growth trials and the appropriate pattern of GRF administration in order to determine whether GRF will enhance pig growth performance to the extent that exogenous pGH does. 相似文献
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Stimulation of swine growth by porcine growth hormone 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Highly purified porcine growth hormone (pGH; USDA-B1) was administered by im injection (22 micrograms X kg body weight-1 X d-1) to rapidly growing Yorkshire barrows for 30 d. Growth hormone significantly increased growth rate (10%), feed efficiency (4%), cartilage growth and muscle mass. However, pGH did not affect carcass adipose tissue mass. Intramuscular lipid content of the longissimus was increased 50% by pGH administration. Plasma pGH concentration was elevated (7- to 11-fold) for 3 to 5 h post-injection. Chronic administration of pGH depressed pituitary GH content and concentration approximately 45%. No GH antibodies were detected in the plasma of GH-treated swine. Plasma somatomedin-C concentration was increased 55% by GH treatment 3 h post-injection. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were both significantly increased in GH-treated swine, suggesting that the animals had developed a state of insulin resistance. Plasma-free fatty acid concentration tended to be higher in GH-treated animals. Treatment of swine with pGH significantly decreased plasma blood urea nitrogen. Assessment of animal health during the trial and postmortem indicated that pGH administration did not have any adverse effects. In summary, treatment of young, rapidly growing swine with pGH stimulated growth performance without affecting animal health or inducing the production of GH antibodies. 相似文献
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以紫花苜蓿品种甘农3号(G3)、和田(HT)、陇东(LD)为材料,研究不同种类和不同浓度的生长调节剂吲哚丁酸(IBA)、萘乙酸(NAA)、生根粉(ABT)对苜蓿微扦插试管苗生长的影响。结果表明,0.2mg/L NAA处理下的G3紫花苜蓿试管苗生根率达100%,且具有较高的生根数(8),最大根长(17.5cm),株高和叶片数也显著高于对照和其他处理(P0.05);0.1mg/L NAA处理下的和田紫花苜蓿试管苗的根系生长状况明显优于其他处理,生根率为100%,具有较高的生根数(7),最大根长(29.6cm),株高和叶片数也显著高于对照和其他处理(P0.05);0.2mg/L NAA处理下的陇东紫花苜蓿试管苗的根系生长情况明显优于其他处理,生根率100%,并具有较高的生根数(7),最大根长(10.2cm),株高和叶片数也显著高于对照和其他处理(P0.05)。因此,在设置的浓度梯度下,甘农3号和陇东紫花苜蓿微扦插试管苗生长的最适生长调节剂及其浓度是0.2mg/L NAA,适于和田紫花苜蓿的是0.1mg/L NAA。 相似文献
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T L Auchtung E E Connor S M Barao L W Douglass G E Dahl 《Journal of animal science》2001,79(6):1566-1572
The response of GH to GHRH at weaning is known to predict postweaning growth and body composition in beef bulls. The objective of this study was to determine whether GH response to a challenge of GHRH and plasma IGF-I can predict growth rate and body composition in the beef heifer. Growth hormone response to a challenge with two doses of GHRH was measured in 67 Angus heifers averaging 225 d of age (SD = 21) and 217 kg BW (SD = 32). Blood samples were collected at 0 and 10 min relative to an initial "clearance dose" (4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW) and again, 3 h later, relative to a challenge dose (1.5 or 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW). Each animal received each of the two challenge doses, which were randomly assigned across 2 d of blood collection. Serum GH concentration was measured by RIA. Plasma was collected every 28 d during a 140-d growth test and assayed for IGF-I by RIA. Body weight was measured every 28 d and hip height was measured at weaning and at the end of a 140-d growth test. Average daily gain was calculated on d 140 of the growth test and body composition measurements were estimated by ultrasound 2 wk after completion of the growth test. Responses to the two GHRH challenges were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). Average daily gain tended to be related to GH response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.05; P = 0.06), but no relationship was observed at the 4.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose (R2 = 0.00; P = 0.93). An inverse relationship (R2 = 0.06; P = 0.02) was observed between response to the 1.5 micrograms GHRH/100 kg BW dose and intramuscular fat percentage. Mean plasma IGF-I concentration was positively associated with ADG (R2 = 0.06; P < 0.01). Growth hormone response to GHRH is modestly related to body composition but not to ADG in weanling beef heifers and likely has limited use in evaluation of growth performance in replacement beef heifers. 相似文献
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1. The concentrations of circulating GH were low in 1‐week‐old birds (male plasma pool 30 ng/ml, female 32 ng/ml), reached a maximum at 7 weeks in male birds (142 ± 26 SEM ng/ml) or 4 weeks in females (185 ± 32 ng/ml) and then decreased to 17.3 ± 2–8 ng/ml in males and 8?7 ± 0–6 ng/ml in females at 17 weeks.
2. Significant inverse correlations between GH concentration and age or body weight were found (male, r = —0–693), female, r = —0–623).
3. In males, but not females, the weekly increase in body weight was correlated with the plasma GH concentration (r = 0–291). 相似文献
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为确定最适用于金桔幼果生长的植物生长调节剂种类及浓度,在金桔第二批花期后幼果膨大期,分别用4种浓度梯度的赤霉素（GA3）、6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-BA）和芸苔素（BR）对金桔果树进行喷施试验,结果表明：各处理果实的横径增加2.47%-12.21%,纵径增加6.33%-16.33%,可溶性蛋白含量增加1.07-1.87倍,过氧化物酶活性提高1.21-5.16倍,有9个处理可溶性糖含量增加,7个处理的还原糖含量提高,9个处理的果形指数增大,各处理对幼果果柄长度无显著增大。对处理后的8个相关品质指标进行主成分分析,结果表明T7(60 mg/L 6-BA)处理更有利于金桔幼果的生长。 相似文献
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《Domestic animal endocrinology》1997,14(2):129-132
Recent evidence clearly indicates that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) signal transduction is essential for normal skeletal development. Here, we report that bFGF and its receptor are specifically localized in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes of the porcine epiphyseal growth plate, the tissue responsible for longitudinal bone growth. Similar observations were obtained with the chondrocytes immediately adjacent to resorbing blood vessels in the secondary center of ossification of the epiphysis. These results are consistent with a recent proposal that bFGF functions in coupling osteogenesis with chondrogenesis by attracting the vascular invasion of cartilage from adjacent trabecular bone. 相似文献
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Effect of compensatory growth on regulation of growth and lactation: response of dairy heifers to a stair-step growth pattern 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The primary objective of this study was to improve the productive efficiency of growth via optimal use of both high fiber-low quality and high energy-high protein feeds in diets for growing dairy cattle. Twenty Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either a control or treatment group. The control diet met the National Research Council (NRC) requirement for .45 kg/d gain, with heifers calving at 24 to 26 mo of age. The test groups were fed according to a 5-2-5-2 mo schedule in which the nutrient density was alternately 15% below or 40% above the NRC requirement. Results showed that the heifers on the test dietary regimen (compensatory growth) gained more and consumed less, resulting in significantly improved efficiency of growth (body gain/dry matter intake X 100), energy (body gain X 1,000/metabolizable energy (ME) intake) and protein utilization (body gain/protein intake X 100) in comparison to control animals (13.0 vs 7.3%; 57.9 vs 32.6 g/Mcal ME; 96.5 vs 54.2%, respectively). Marked changes in average concentration of urea-N, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity in blood were seen for test heifers during the stair-step growth phase (i.e., alternating maintenance and compensatory). Evidence from this experiment suggests that the phased growth (stair-step) system offers a simple, practical and cost-effective method for raising dairy heifers. 相似文献
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The effect of selection for growth rate on relative growth of the rabbit body components was studied. Animals from the 18th generation of a line selected for growth rate were compared with a contemporary control group formed with offspring of embryos that were frozen at the seventh generation of selection of the same line. A total of 313 animals were slaughtered at 4, 9, 13, 20, and 40 wk old. The offal, organs, tissues, and retail cuts were weighed, and several carcass linear measurements were recorded. Huxley's allometric equations relating the weights of the components with respect to BW were fitted. Butterfield's quadratic equations relating the degree of maturity of the components and the degree of maturity of BW were also fitted. In most of the components studied, both models lead to similar patterns of growth. Blood was isometric or early maturing and skin was late maturing or isometric depending on the use of Huxley's or Butterfield's model. Full gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, thoracic viscera, and head were early maturing, and the chilled carcass and reference carcass were late maturing. The retail cuts of the reference carcass showed isometry (forelegs) or late maturing growth (breast and ribs, loin, hind legs, and abdominal walls). Dissectible fat of the carcass and meat of the hind leg had a late development, whereas bone of the hind leg was early maturing. Lumbar circumference length was later maturing than the carcass length and thigh length. Sex did not affect the relative growth of most of the components. Butterfield's model showed that males had an earlier development of full gastrointestinal tract and later growth of kidneys than females. No effect of selection on the relative growth of any of the components studied was found, leading to similar patterns of growth and similar carcass composition at a given degree of maturity after 11 generations of selection for growth rate. 相似文献
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本文采用Gompertz模型对处于不同日粮代谢能水平下0～8周龄AA肉鸡的生长曲线进行分析和非线性曲线拟合研究。结果显示:1周龄前公鸡、母鸡均生长缓慢,1周龄后生长速率开始增加,5周龄左右达到增重高峰,对公鸡而言,7周龄后日粮中14.23、13.39MJ/kg和11.72MJ/kg代谢能组生长速率均较7周前变缓。母鸡与公鸡具有相似的生长趋势,但1～2周龄时母鸡比公鸡有较大的生长速率,表现在母鸡体重比公鸡体重较大(P0.05),3周龄后同一水平下母鸡的生长速率显著慢于公鸡生长速率(P0.05)。Gompertz方程能较好地拟合公鸡与母鸡的生长曲线,其中13.39MJ/kg代谢能组的极限体重最高,拟合度分别达到99.9%、99.6%,拟合效果最好。采用Gompertz模型对0～8周龄公鸡与母鸡生长曲线拟合的方程分别为:BWt=5262.19×e{-e[-0.044×(t-36.093)]}和BWt=4823.04×e{-e[-0.045×(t-34.960)]}。该模型可用于肉仔鸡潜在生长性能的预测。 相似文献
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Previously, GH response to GHRH challenge at weaning has been shown to be indicative of ADG during a standard postweaning growth performance test in Angus cattle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that GH response to GHRH before weaning would predict postweaning ADG. Bulls with the highest and lowest GH responses to GHRH over a 3-yr period, relative to their contemporaries, were used as sires, to allow for examination of the persistence of GH response to GHRH through selection. The selected calves in this study were sired by one of four Angus bulls chosen based on their GH response to GHRH (high response, n = 2; low response, n = 2). Forty-nine Angus calves (bulls, n = 24; heifers, n = 25) were challenged with GHRH at approximately 60, 105, and 150 d of age and at weaning (219 d; SD = 25). Blood samples were taken immediately prior to and 10 min following an i.v. clearance dose of 4.5 microg of GHRH/100 kg BW and, 2 h later, immediately prior to and 10 min following a challenge dose of either 1.5 or 4.5 microg of GHRH/100 kg BW. Two hours later, the procedure was repeated, with each calf receiving the other challenge dose. Body weight was measured every 28 d and ADG was calculated over a 140-d growth performance test (heifers and bulls maintained separately). Data were log-transformed for statistical analyses. In the selected bulls and heifers, response of GH to 1.5 microg of GHRH/100 kg BW at 60 and 105 d of age was positively related (P < 0.05) to postweaning ADG. Response to 4.5 microg of GHRH/100 kg BW at 105 d of age and at weaning was positively related (P < 0.01) to postweaning ADG. Inclusion of sire in the analysis improved the relationship between GH response and ADG for calves of sires with high GH responses from R2 = 0.18 (P = 0.01) to R2 = 0.33 (P = 0.02). When the GH response to GHRH of the unselected calves at weaning was added to the data from the selected animals and analyzed, the GH response of the bulls was related to postweaning ADG (R2 = 0.09; P = 0.04). In conclusion, GH response to GHRH as early as 60 d of age is indicative of postweaning ADG in beef cattle. In addition, the relationship between GH response to GHRH and postweaning ADG is improved with selection for greater GH response to GHRH. 相似文献
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Active immunization of pigs against growth hormone-releasing factor: effect on concentrations of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J D Armstrong K L Esbenshade J L Johnson M T Coffey E Heimer R M Campbell T Mowles A Felix 《Journal of animal science》1990,68(2):427-434
Cyclic gilts (96 +/- 1 kg) were used to determine the effect of active immunization against growth hormone-releasing factor GRF(1-29)-NH2 on concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Gilts were immunized against GRF conjugated to human serum albumin (GRF-HSA, n = 5) or HSA alone at 180 d of age (wk 0). Booster doses were administered at wk 9 and 13. Seven days after the second booster (wk 14), blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals for 6 h before feeding and 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after feeding. Eight days after the second booster, all gilts were administered a GRF analog, [desNH2Tyr1,Ala15]-GRF(1-29)-NH2, followed by an opioid agonist, FK33-824. Blood samples were collected at 15-min intervals from -30 to 240 min after injection. Immunization against GRF-HSA resulted in antibody titers, expressed as dilution required to bind 50% of [125I]GRF, ranging from 1:11,000 to 1:60,000 (wk 11 and 14); binding was not detectable or was less than 50% at 1:100 in HSA gilts (P less than .05). Episodic release of GH was abolished by immunization against GRF-HSA (P less than .05). Mean GH was decreased (P less than .07), but basal GH concentrations were not altered (P greater than .15) by immunization against GRF-HSA. Serum concentrations of IGF-1 were similar at wk 0, but concentrations were lower in GRF-HSA than in HSA gilts (P less than .05) at wk 14.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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L J Machlin 《Journal of animal science》1972,35(4):794-800
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Biological potencies of three 29 amino acid growth hormone-releasing hormone analogs (GHRH[1-29]) were determined in the bovine and compared to synthetic human GHRH (44 amino acids; hGHRH[1-44]NH2) for their ability to increase serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations. Four prepubertal Holstein heifers (179 +/- 10 kg) received hGHRH(1-44)NH2 or analogs (D-Ala2, Nle27, Agm29 GHRH[1-29], [JG-73]; D-N-MeAla2, Nle27, Agm29 GHRH[1-29], [JG-75]; and desamino-Tyr1, D-Ala2, Nle27, Agm29 GHRH[1-29], [JG-77]) at the following doses: 0, 6.25, 25, 100 and 400 micrograms/animal. All treatment-dose combinations were administered to each heifer with at least a 1-d interval between treatments. Sixteen blood samples were collected via jugular cannulas 20 min before and up to 6 h after treatment injection. There was a linear dose-dependent GH release in response to hGHRH(1-44)NH2 and the three analogs. Growth hormone peak amplitudes for the three analogs were similar to those observed after administration of the hGHRH(1-44)NH2 (P greater than .05). However, when total area under the GH response curves for each treatment was averaged over all the doses, JG-73 stimulated greater GH release than hGHRH(1-44)NH2 (P less than .05) Heifers injected with the 400-microgram dose of hGHRH(1-44)NH2 or the three analogs showed a primary release of GH followed by a secondary release 1 h later. At all other doses, only a primary GH release was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Waiz Hina Ashraf Gautam Lokesh Waiz Syma Ashraf 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1135-1140
Tropical Animal Health and Production - In the present study, the appropriateness of five non-linear mixed growth curve models was studied to describe body weight growth of Sirohi male and female... 相似文献
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植物生长延缓剂对杂交狗牙根草坪草生长特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究了烯效唑、矮壮素、缩节胺、比久4种植物生长延缓剂对暖季型草坪草交杂狗牙根生长特性的影响.结果表明:烯效唑处理狗牙根的最适浓度为50～100 mg/L,用药量以200 mL/m2为宜,使狗牙根生长速度减慢,节间缩短,叶片加宽,叶绿素含量增加,叶色加深.100～400 mg/L浓度的矮壮素和缩节胺及500～2 000 mg/L浓度的比久处理能不同程度地抑制狗牙根的生长,抑制作用随浓度增加而加强,但与对照相比差异不显著,对狗牙根密度、叶色、叶绿素、叶长、叶宽等品质无显著影响. 相似文献