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1.
本文旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平对育成期母貂生长性能、营养物质消化代谢及血清中与氮代谢相关的生化指标的影响。选择健康（５０±３）日龄断奶的雌性水貂 ６０只,平均体重为（０．５７７±０．０７３）ｋｇ,随机分成 ６组,每组 １０个重复,每个重复 １只,单笼饲养。６组水貂分别饲喂蛋白质水平为 ２８％、３０％、３２％、３４％、３６％、３８％的试验饲粮。在水貂 ６５、８０、９５、１１０日龄时各进行 １次消化代谢试验,分析各日龄水貂的蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率、氮沉积、蛋白质生物学价值、饲料转化率及体增重等指标。结果表明：５０～６５日龄,３８％蛋白质组体增重极显著高于２８％和 ３２％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）,３８％蛋白质组饲料转化率极显著优于 ２８％和 ３２％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;５０～１１０日龄,３２％和 ３４％蛋白质组体增重显著高于 ２８％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。９５日龄时,３２％、３４％和 ３８％蛋白质组的蛋白质消化率极显著高于 ２８％和 ３０％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１１０日龄时,３４％蛋白质组蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率极显著低于其他试验组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。１１０日龄时,３８％蛋白质组尿素氮含量极显著高于其他各组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;３４％和３６％蛋白质组总氨基酸含量显著高于 ２８％蛋白质组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。综合试验中的测定指标,建议５０～６５日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３６％ ～３８％;６６～８０日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３４％ ～３６％;８１～１１０日龄,水貂饲粮蛋白质水平为 ３２％ ～３４％。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)水平对冬毛期雄性水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,以明确冬毛期水貂饲粮CP和EE的适宜水平。试验采用2×3因子试验设计,即2个CP水平(32%和36%)和3个EE水平(10%、20%和30%),共配制6种试验饲粮。选取84只(120±5)日龄健康雄性水貂,随机分成6组,每组14个重复,每个重复1只。预试期7 d,正试期85 d。结果表明:32%CP组水貂平均日增重(ADG)、蛋白质消化率、脂肪消化率、碳水化合物消化率及氮代谢各指标均显著或极显著低于36%CP组(P0.05或P0.01)。30%EE组水貂末重、ADG和氮沉积含量显著或极显著高于10%EE组(P0.05或P0.01);30%EE组水貂平均日采食量、料重比、干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率、碳水化合物消化率、食入氮含量和粪氮排出量显著或极显著低于10%EE组(P0.05或P0.01)。饲粮CP和EE水平对水貂脂肪消化率有显著交互作用(P0.05)。综合以上指标,在本试验条件下,饲粮CP水平为36%、EE水平为20%或30%时,冬毛期水貂可获得较佳的生长性能,且能够提高水貂对蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

3.
雌性水貂准备配种期日粮适宜脂肪水平的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探讨水貂准备配种期日粮脂肪水平对日粮中营养物质消化率和水貂氮代谢的影响,确定水貂准备配种期日粮适宜脂肪水平。试验选取体重相近的健康母貂120只,随机分成4组,每组30只,分别饲喂以黄花鱼、膨化玉米和动物下脚料等配制的鲜全价饲料。饲粮蛋白质水平相同,为34%,脂肪水平分别为日粮干物质的8%、12%、16%和20%,试验从12月初至配种前,试验中期进行水貂消化代谢试验。结果表明:日粮脂肪水平对水貂干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率影响差异不显著(P>0.05),日粮脂肪水平对日粮中脂肪的消化率有极显著的影响(P<0.01),随着脂肪水平的增加,脂肪消化率有增加的趋势。准备配种期当日粮脂肪水平达到12%以上时,水貂的日采食量,日氮食入量和氮沉积极显著降低(P<0.01),当日粮脂肪水平为8%时,水貂的采食量与日粮脂肪水平为12%组差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋白质消化率、氮食入量、氮沉积都显著高于其他脂肪水平日粮组(P<0.01),同时粪氮和尿氮排出量与其他脂肪组差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合以上指标,考虑节能环保,并能有效提高水貂饲料利用率,减少饲料成本,得出准备配种期水貂日粮脂肪水平为8%即可满足水貂的生产需要。  相似文献   

4.
为确定水貂适宜氨基酸组成、降低饲料成本,试验选取成年健康公母水貂各60只,随机分成6组,采用2×3因子试验设计,即赖氨酸2个水平,分别为1.85%和1.7%,蛋氨酸3个水平分别为0.81%、0.99%和1.24%,对采食正常试验组水貂进行了消化代谢试验。结果表明:①日粮赖氨酸水平的变化对公母貂干物质摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平的变化对母貂干物质摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),公貂粪干物质排出量蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组显著低于蛋氨酸水平为1.24%组(P<0.05),公貂干物质消化率蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组极显著地高于蛋氨酸水平为0.81%组和1.24%组(P<0.01)。②日粮赖氨酸水平的变化对公母貂有机物摄入、排出及消化率影响不显著(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平的变化对公母貂有机物摄入、排出及母貂消化率影响不显著(P>0.05),公貂蛋氨酸水平为0.99%组有机物消化率显著高于蛋氨酸水平为0.81%组(P<0.05),与蛋氨酸水平为1.24%组差异不显著(P>0.05)。③公母貂蛋白质消化代谢受赖氨酸水平变化的影响不显著(P>0.05);公母貂蛋白质摄入及粪蛋白的排出受蛋氨酸水平变化影响不显著(P>0.05),蛋氨酸为1.24%时公貂尿蛋白排出显著高于0.99%水平组(P<0.05),与0.81%水平组尿蛋白排出差异不显著(P>0.05);公貂蛋白存留0.99%水平组极显著高于1.24%水平组(P<0.01);公貂蛋白质消化率0.99%水平组显著高于1.24%水平组(P<0.05),与0.81%水平组差异不显著(P>0.05);母貂蛋氨酸水平变化对各消化代谢率指标影响不显著(P>0.05)。④1.85%赖氨酸水平组公貂赖氨酸摄入、尿排出及消化代谢率均显著高于1.7%赖氨酸水平组(P<0.05),母貂间差异不显著(P>0.05),赖氨酸水平对公母貂蛋氨酸摄入、粪尿排出及消化代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平对公母貂赖氨酸摄入、粪尿排出无显著影响(P>0.05),蛋氨酸0.99%水平公貂赖氨酸消化代谢率均极显著高于蛋氨酸1.24%水平和0.81%水平公貂(P<0.01),蛋氨酸水平对母貂间赖氨酸消化代谢率无显著影响(P>0.05);蛋氨酸水平对公母貂蛋氨酸摄入、粪尿排出及消化代谢率均有显著影响(P<0.05),随着蛋氨酸水平的降低,蛋氨酸的摄入逐渐降低,而尿排出蛋氨酸1.24%组显著高于0.99%和0.81%水平组(P<0.05);蛋氨酸0.99%和1.24%水平组公母貂蛋氨酸的消化代谢率均极显著高于0.81%水平组(P<0.01),蛋氨酸0.99%和1.24%水平组公母貂蛋氨酸的消化代谢率无显著差异(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

5.
本试验旨在研究不同蛋白质和脂肪水平颗粒料对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮代谢和毛皮品质的影响。选择(135±5)日龄的健康雄性水貂72只,随机分成6组,每组12只。采用双因子试验设计,分别按34%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅰ组),34%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅱ组),32%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅲ组),32%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅳ组),30%粗蛋白质、18%粗脂肪(Ⅴ组),30%粗蛋白质、16%粗脂肪(Ⅵ组)配制6种试验饲粮,并制成颗粒料。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组水貂的平均日增重(ADG)极显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅳ组和Ⅵ组(P0.01);18%脂肪组水貂的末重显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.05),18%脂肪组水貂的ADG极显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.01)。Ⅵ组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著低于其他各组(P0.01);18%脂肪组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著高于16%脂肪组(P0.01);34%和32%蛋白质组水貂的蛋白质消化率极显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.01)。Ⅱ组水貂的氮沉积和蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05);Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组水貂的净蛋白质利用率显著高于Ⅵ组(P0.05);饲粮脂肪水平对水貂的氮代谢相关指标未产生显著影响(P0.05),饲粮蛋白质水平显著影响了水貂的净蛋白质利用率(P0.05)。34%和32%蛋白质组水貂的活体长显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.05);34%蛋白质水貂的皮长显著高于30%蛋白质组(P0.05),但饲粮脂肪、蛋白质水平及两者的交互作用对水貂的皮长没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。综合试验结果得出:饲粮脂肪水平影响冬毛期水貂的末重,而饲粮蛋白质水平对冬毛期水貂的活体长具有影响;本试验条件下,冬毛期水貂饲喂脂肪水平为18%和蛋白质水平为32%~34%的颗粒料可获得较好的生长性能和毛皮品质。  相似文献   

6.
本试验以准备配种期日粮蛋白质水平对水貂营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响为研究目的,选择经产适龄母貂180只,随机分成6组,每组30个重复,每个重复1只水貂。6组水貂分别饲喂蛋白质水平为28.59%(Ⅰ组)、32.31%(Ⅱ组)、36.21%(Ⅲ组)、40.35%(Ⅳ组)的鲜料试验日粮和32.66%(Ⅴ组)、40.47%(Ⅵ组)的配合干粉料试验日粮。预试期7 d,正试期44 d。结果表明,配合干粉料饲喂组采食量普遍低于鲜料饲喂组,部分组间出现显著性差异(P＜0.05)。在干物质、蛋白质和脂肪消化率方面,部分组间出现差异显著性(P＜0.05)。随着日粮蛋白质水平的提高,食入氮、粪氮、尿氮、氮沉积增加,净蛋白质利用率及蛋白质生物学价值的差异不显著(P＞0.05),但蛋白质水平达到一定程度时,氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率及蛋白质生物学价值有下降的趋势。干料组在多数指标中均显著或极显著低于鲜料组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)。由此得出,日粮蛋白质水平达到32.31%、36.21%鲜料时, 各种营养物质消化率较为理想,但考虑到饲料成本和准备配种期以调节体况为主的特殊性,建议在准备配种期使用蛋白质水平为32.31%鲜料日粮,不推荐使用配合干粉料饲喂准备配种期雌性水貂。  相似文献   

7.
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of diets with different protein and dl-methionine (Met) levels on nitrogen (N) retention, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and some blood parameters in growing minks. Eighty healthy male minks were selected and randomly divided into five groups with different types of diet. The dietary protein levels, expressed as percentage of dry matter (DM), were 36% (HP) and 28% (LP), corresponding to average 363g and 295g protein/kg DM, respectively. LP was supplemented with Met (0.3%, 0.6% and 0.9% DM); the codes were LP+M1, LP+M2 and LP+M3, respectively. From July to middle of September, the average daily gain and feed: gain ratio (F/G) of the minks that received the diet with 0.6% Met added to the low protein diet was better than feeding HP and other groups. Fecal N and Urinary N of group LP+M2 were the lowest one, in contrast, the daily retention of N was the highest one. Digestibility of DM and CP were not affected by different diets, but digestibility of fat declined with dietary protein level decreasing. Serum urea nitrogen (SUN) was affected by different protein and Met levels. Considering all factors the best performance could be observed offering LP+M2, the prime level of Met was 13.87 g/kg DM in dietary, and 258.5 g digestible protein kg(-1) DM was enough for mink in growing period. Furthermore, addition of Met in low protein diets for minks would be beneficial in terms of reduced feed expenses and lower nitrogen emissions to the environment.  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究半胱胺对冬毛期雄性水貂生产性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。试验采用双因子试验设计,影响因素为半胱胺添加水平和添加方式。选取167日龄、体重相近的健康雄性水貂56只,随机分为7组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加60、90、120 mg/kg半胱胺的试验饲粮,半胱胺添加方式为连续添加,Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组试验饲粮分别同Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,半胱胺添加方式为间隔添加(连续添加1周,间隔1周)。预试期7 d,正试期51 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组的平均日增重极显著高于对照组和Ⅳ组(P0.01),料重比极显著低于对照组和Ⅳ组(P0.01);间隔添加组的平均日增重、料重比极显著优于连续添加组(P0.01);90 mg/kg组料重比极显著低于120 mg/kg组(P0.01)。各半胱胺添加组的毛皮品质均有所改善,Ⅵ、Ⅶ组皮长及针毛、绒毛长度显著高于对照组(P0.05),间隔添加组针毛长度极显著高于连续添加组(P0.01),90 mg/kg组针毛长度显著高于60和120 mg/kg组(P0.05)。半胱胺添加水平和添加方式的交互作用对平均日增重、料重比及针毛、绒毛长度产生了显著或极显著影响(P0.05或P0.01)。2)各半胱胺添加组粗蛋白质消化率均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),干物质、粗脂肪消化率各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。3)各半胱胺添加组粪氮排出量较对照组显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),Ⅵ组氮沉积显著高于对照组及Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P0.05),间隔添加组氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率、蛋白质生物学价值较连续添加组显著升高(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮添加半胱胺能够促进冬毛期雄性水貂的生长,并提高毛皮品质、营养物质消化率及氮代谢。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,冬毛期雄性水貂饲粮中半胱胺的最适添加水平为90 mg/kg,添加方式为间隔添加(连续添加1周,间隔1周)。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雌性水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,以确定育成期雌性水貂饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪的适宜水平。采用2×3因子试验设计,设32%(L)、36%(H)2个蛋白质水平与10%(L)、20%(M)、30%(H)3个脂肪水平,共配制6种试验饲粮。按照蛋白质和脂肪水平,将6种试验饲粮分别命名为LL、LM、LH、HL、HM和HH。选取90只60日龄健康雌性水貂,随机分成6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只水貂。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:LH组水貂末重和平均日增重均最高,显著高于LL和HL组(P0.05),并且随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加呈上升趋势。平均日采食量和料重比均以LH组最低;30%脂肪水平组水貂的平均日采食量极显著低于20%脂肪水平组(P0.01);料重比随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加而升高,30%脂肪水平组极显著低于10%和20%脂肪水平组(P0.01)。LL和HL组水貂的干物质消化率、脂肪消化率极显著低于其他组(P0.01);HH组水貂的蛋白质消化率显著高于LL、LH和HL组(P0.05)。随着饲粮蛋白质水平的增加,蛋白质消化率和脂肪消化率分别显著(P0.05)和极显著(P0.01)升高;10%脂肪水平组的干物质消化率和蛋白质消化率极显著低于20%和30%脂肪水平组(P0.01);随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,脂肪消化率呈升高趋势;碳水化合物消化率则以30%脂肪水平组最低,极显著低于10%和20%脂肪水平组(P0.01)。水貂食入氮以HM组最高,极显著高于其他各组(P0.01);粪氮排出量以HL组最高,显著高于LH和HH组(P0.05);尿氮排出量以LH组最低,而氮沉积和氮生物学效价则以LH组最高。随着饲粮蛋白质水平由32%增加到36%,食入氮和尿氮排出量极显著增加(P0.01),而氮生物学效价则显著降低(P0.05)。20%脂肪水平组食入氮最高,极显著高于30%脂肪水平组(P0.01);粪氮排出量和尿氮排出量均以30%脂肪水平组最低,与10%和20%脂肪水平组存在显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)差异;随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,氮沉积呈先升高后降低的趋势,而氮生物学效价呈升高的趋势。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,当饲粮蛋白质水平为32%、脂肪水平为20%~30%时,育成期雌性水貂生长性能最佳,且能够降低尿氮排出量,提高水貂对饲粮蛋白质的利用率。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸添加水平对育成期白水貂生长性能、氮代谢及氨基酸消化率的影响。选取60只健康、体重[(0.83±0.09)kg]相近的(60±5)日龄雄性白水貂,随机分成6个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只水貂。负对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为34%的基础饲粮(色氨酸水平为0.22%),试验组分别饲喂在负对照组基础饲粮中添加0.1%(Ⅱ组)、0.3%(Ⅲ组)、0.5%(Ⅳ组)和0.7%色氨酸(Ⅴ组)的试验饲粮,正对照组(Ⅵ组)饲喂粗蛋白质水平为36%的基础饲粮(色氨酸水平为0.22%)。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)各组水貂60~120日龄平均日增重和平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅵ组平均日增重略高于其他各组。2)Ⅰ组干物质消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅵ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组粗脂肪消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组尿氮显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组氮沉积显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅲ组净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组(P0.05)。3)Ⅰ组谷氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅵ组异亮氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅵ组亮氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组丙氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅵ组蛋氨酸消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组蛋氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组酪氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组半胱氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅳ组(P0.05)。Ⅴ组组氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅵ组色氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组、Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组精氨酸消化率显著高于Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组(P0.05)。Ⅰ组总氨基酸消化率显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05)。由此得出,综合生长性能、氮代谢及氨基酸消化率指标,饲粮粗蛋白质水平为34%时,水貂饲粮色氨酸适宜添加水平为0.3%(饲粮色氨酸水平为0.52%)。  相似文献   

11.
本试验旨在研究不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和营养物质消化率及氮平衡的影响。选择96只60日龄、健康状况良好的水貂,随机分为4组,每组24只,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌、6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌、0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌+6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌。在水貂育成期内进行饲养与消化代谢试验,分析不同组合益生菌对水貂平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率及沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组公貂的干物质消化率和试验2组公貂的脂肪消化率显著下降(P<0.05),但不同组水貂的生长性能和氮平衡及母貂的营养物质消化率未受到益生菌的影响(P>0.05)。提示,日粮中添加益生菌不会显著改善育成期水貂的生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮平衡,故在水貂健康的前提下,无需在育成貂日粮中添加益生菌。  相似文献   

12.
本文旨在探讨饲粮蛋白质水平对水貂生长性能、营养物质消化吸收、毛皮品质和血清生化指标的影响.随机选取日龄体重相近的70只健康公水貂平均分至5组,饲喂5个蛋白质水平的饲粮(32%、28%、24%、20%和16%),每千克干物质中含蛋白质分别为326.4、284.7、249.3、203.9和172.8 g.试验组编号分别为P...  相似文献   

13.
This study investigated digestibilities of nutrients and feed efficiency in female mink at the different dietary protein levels during the mink growth period. Effects of dietary protein on growth performance of minks were also measured. Sixty 45‐day‐old healthy female minks were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups with 10 animals in each group. Animals were fed diets varying in protein levels: 28% (Group I), 30% (Group II), 32% (Group III), 34% (Group IV), 36% (Group V) and 38% (Group VI), respectively. The digestibilities of key nutrients were determined on Day 14 after initiating the experiment and the last 3 days. From the beginning of the study, body weight and feed intake were weighed and recorded every other week in order to calculate the average daily bodyweight gain and the feed efficiency. The trial had demonstrated that nitrogen intake was greatly significantly different, which was affected by dietary protein levels (p < 0.001). Growth performance of minks was impaired when dietary protein level was at 28%. When dietary protein level was at 34%, minks had the best daily gains, feed efficiency, and digestibilities of some key nutrients.  相似文献   

14.
本试验旨在通过研究饲粮中半胱胺对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响,确定饲粮中半胱胺的适宜添加水平和添加方式。试验采用双因子试验设计,选取56只(86±5)日龄、体重相近的健康雌性短毛黑水貂,随机分为7个组,每组8个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组(对照组)饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加60、90、120 mg/kg半胱胺,添加方式为连续添加;Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组分别在基础饲粮中添加60、90、120 mg/kg半胱胺,添加方式为间隔添加(连续添加1周,间隔1周)。预试期7 d,正试期53 d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加半胱胺极显著影响水貂的平均日采食量和料重比(P0.01),对平均日增重无显著影响(P0.05)。Ⅴ组料重比极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ组(P0.01);平均日增重以Ⅴ组最高,间隔添加组高于连续添加组。2)饲粮中添加半胱胺显著影响水貂的粗蛋白质消化率和粗脂肪消化率(P0.05),极显著影响干物质消化率(P0.01),且均以Ⅴ组最高。半胱胺添加方式极显著影响水貂的干物质消化率(P0.01),间隔添加组极显著高于连续添加组(P0.01)。3)饲粮中添加半胱胺显著或极显著影响水貂的氮代谢指标(P0.05或P0.01)。Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组氮沉积显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ组净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值均极显著高于Ⅰ组(P0.01),且以Ⅴ组最高。半胱胺添加方式极显著影响水貂的食入氮含量、尿氮排出量、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值(P0.01)。间隔添加组水貂的食入氮含量和尿氮排出量极显著低于连续添加组(P0.01);间隔添加组的氮沉积显著低于连续添加组(P0.05);间隔添加组的净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值极显著高于连续添加组(P0.01)。半胱胺添加水平显著影响水貂的粪氮排出量(P0.05),90 mg/kg组水貂的粪氮排出量显著低于60 mg/kg组(P0.05)。综合各项指标,育成期水貂饲粮中半胱胺的适宜添加水平为60 mg/kg,适宜添加方式为间隔添加。  相似文献   

15.
本试验旨在研究不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选取90只60日龄的健康雄性水貂,随机分为6组,每组15个重复,每个重复1只水貂。6组水貂分别饲喂2个蛋白质水平(32%和36%)和3个脂肪水平(10%、20%和30%)的6种试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:低蛋白质中脂肪和低蛋白质高脂肪组水貂终末体重和平均日增重均极显著高于低蛋白质低脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组(P0.01),且随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,水貂终末体重和平均日增重呈增加趋势,20%和30%脂肪水平组极显著高于10%脂肪水平组(P0.01)。水貂料重比以低蛋白质高脂肪组最低,显著低于低蛋白质低脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组(P0.05)。低蛋白质高脂肪组水貂血清中尿素氮含量极显著低于其他各组(P0.01)。32%蛋白质水平组水貂血清中谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于36%蛋白质水平组(P0.05)。低蛋白质高脂肪和高蛋白质高脂肪组水貂血清中甘油三酯含量显著高于低蛋白质低脂肪组和高蛋白质低脂肪组(P0.05)。随着饲粮脂肪水平的增加,血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白含量有升高的趋势,且最高组均为低蛋白质高脂肪组。饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平的交互作用对水貂生长性能指标及蛋白质和脂类代谢相关血清生化指标的影响均不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,当饲粮蛋白质水平为32%、脂肪水平为20%~30%时,饲粮中蛋白质和脂肪的利用率较高,育成期雄性水貂的生长性能较好。  相似文献   

16.
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate spray-dried blood cells (SDBC) and crystalline isoleucine in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, 120 pigs were used to evaluate 0, 2, 4, and 6% SDBC (as-fed basis) in a sorghum-based diet. There were six replicates of each treatment and five pigs per pen, with treatments imposed at an initial BW of 9.3 kg and continued for 16 d. Increasing SDBC from 0 to 4% had no effect on ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Pigs fed the 6% SDBC diet had decreased ADG (P < 0.01) and G:F (P = 0.06) compared with pigs fed diets containing 0, 2, or 4% SDBC. In Exp. 2, 936 pigs were used to test diets containing 2.5 or 5% SDBC (as-fed basis) vs. two control diets. There were six replicates of each treatment at industry (20 pigs per pen) and university (six pigs per pen) locations. Treatments were imposed at an initial BW of 5.9 and 8.1 kg at the industry and the university locations, respectively, and continued for 16 d. Little effect on pig performance was noted by supplementing 2.5% SDBC, with or without crystalline Ile, in nursery diets. Pigs fed the 5% SDBC diet without crystalline Ile had decreased ADG (P < 0.01), ADFI (P < or = 0.10), and G:F (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the control diets. Supplementation of Ile restored ADG, ADFI, and G:F to levels that were not different from that of pigs fed the control diets. In Exp. 3, 1,050 pigs were used to test diets containing 5, 7.5, or 9% SDBC (as-fed basis) vs. a control diet. There were six replicates of each treatment at the industry (20 pigs per pen) location and five replicates at the university (six pigs per pen) locations. Treatments were imposed at an initial BW of 6.3 and 7.0 kg at the industry and university locations, respectively, and continued for 16 d. Supplementation of 5% SDBC without crystalline Ile decreased ADG and G:F (P < 0.01) compared with pigs fed the control diet, but addition of Ile increased ADG (P < 0.01) to a level not different from that of pigs fed the control diet. The decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F noted in pigs fed the 7.5% SDBC diet was improved by addition of Ile (P < 0.01), such that ADG and ADFI did not differ from those of pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed diets containing 9.5% SDBC exhibited decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P < 0.01), all of which were improved by Ile addition (P < 0.01); however, ADG (P < 0.05) and G:F (P = 0.09) remained lower than for pigs fed the control diet. These data indicate that SDBC can be supplemented at relatively high levels to nursery diets, provided that Ile requirements are met.  相似文献   

17.
A total of 150 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of 7.22 ± 0.80 kg (21 d of age) were used in a 28-d trial to determine the effects of dietary fructan and mannan oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Pigs were allotted randomly to 1 of 5 dietary treatments: 1) negative control (NC), basal diet; 2) positive control (PC), NC + 0.01% apramycin (165 mg/kg); 3) NC + 0.1% fructan (FC); 4) NC + 0.1% mannan oligosaccharide source (MO); and 5) NC + 0.05% fructan + 0.05% mannan oligosaccharide source (FM). There were 3 replications per treatment with 10 pigs per pen (5 barrows and 5 gilts). From d 0 to 14, ADG and ADFI of pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets were greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. From d 15 to 28, there were no differences (P > 0.05) in ADG, ADFI, and G:F. During the overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed the MO diet had a greater ADG than pigs fed the NC diet (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the PC and MO diets increased ADFI (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. However, no differences were detected among dietary treatments in G:F during the overall experimental period. On d 14, the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM and N in pigs fed the PC, MO, and FM diets was greater (P < 0.05) than pigs fed the NC diet. The ATTD of DM increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the MO and FM diets compared with pigs fed the FC diet. However, at the end of the experiment, pigs fed the FM diet had a greater (P < 0.05) ATTD of DM compared with pigs fed the NC diet. Additionally, there were no differences in IgG, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte counts among dietary treatments on d 0, 14, or 28. The diarrhea score in pigs fed the MO diet was reduced (P < 0.05) compared with pigs fed the NC diet. In conclusion, mannan oligosaccharides have a beneficial effect on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in weanling pigs. Furthermore, mannan oligosaccharides can decrease diarrhea score in weanling pigs.  相似文献   

18.
A metabolism study and two feedlot trials were conducted to evaluate urea supplementation of peanut skin (PS) diets and ammoniation of PS as methods of reducing detrimental effects of tannins in PS on nutrient digestibility and performance of beef cattle. Tannin content of PS was reduced by 42% after ammoniation. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract, energy and total digestible nutrients were higher (P less than .05) for the control diet without PS compared with urea-supplemented PS (UPS) and ammoniated PS (APS) diets. Ether extract digestibility was higher (P less than .05) for UPS and APS diets compared with the control diet. Fecal N was higher (P less than .05) and N retention was lower (P less than .05) in steers fed UPS and APS diets compared with controls, which suggested that in UPS and APS diets dietary protein was being complexed with tannins and excreted. Steers fed the APS diet had lower (P less than .05) plasma urea nitrogen compared with control and UPS diets at 2, 4 and 6 h post-feeding. Eighteen heifers were fed control, UPS and APS diets individually for 84 d, resulting in similar (P less than .05) feedlot performance and carcass traits for heifers on all dietary treatments. Rumen fluid propionic acid levels were similar for control and APS heifers and somewhat lower (P greater than .05) for UPS heifers at 3 and 6 h post-feeding on d 62 of the trial. The experimental diets were fed to 54 steers (360 kg initial wt) ad libitum. After 98 d on dietary treatments average daily gains (ADG), final weights, carcass weights and carcass quality grades were not different (P greater than .05) for control and APS steers. Live weight and ADG were lower (P less than .05) for UPS steers on d 98 compared with control and APS steers, and UPS steers continued in the feedlot through d 147. After 98 d on control or APS diets 72.2% of the beef carcasses produced on each diet graded USDA Choice, and 100% of the carcasses of steers fed UPS graded USDA Choice after 147 d. A urea-supplemented PS diet or a diet containing ammoniated PS was ineffective in improving digestibility and N retention of PS diets when limit-fed to steers. However, ad libitum feeding of an ammoniated PS diet was effective in overcoming detrimental effects of tannins on feedlot performance of heifers and steers.  相似文献   

19.
Two experiments with young pigs (25 d of age) were conducted to investigate the effect of multienzyme preparations on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and P utilization and excretion. In Exp. 1, 24 pigs (six pigs per treatment) were used in a 28-d performance and digestibility trial using four diets: control (no enzyme) and control supplemented with enzyme preparation A, B, or C. The control diet was formulated to meet 95% of NRC (1998) nutrient specifications (except for available P, which was at 44% NRC) and composed of corn, wheat, wheat by-products, barley, soybean meal, canola meal, and peas. All three enzyme preparations contained xylanase, glucanase, amylase, protease, invertase, and phytase activities and differed in the type of plant cell wall-degrading activities; Enzyme A contained cellulase, galactanase, and mannanase; Enzyme B contained cellulase and pectinase; and Enzyme C contained cellulase, galactanase, mannanase, and pectinase. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had higher ADG (P = 0.02) and G:F (P = 0.01) than those fed the control diet. On average, and when compared with control diet, enzyme supplementation improved (P = 0.001 to 0.04) ileal digestibility of DM (60 vs. 66%), GE (62.8 vs. 70.4%), CP (62 vs. 72%), starch (86.7 vs. 94.2%), nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; 10.1 vs. 17.6%), and phytate (59 vs. 70%). Compared with the control, total-tract digestibility of nutrients was increased (P = 0.001 to 0.01) owing to enzyme supplementation, with Enzyme C showing the highest improvement in DM, GE, CP, starch, NSP, phytate, and P utilization. Pigs fed enzyme-supplemented diets had decreased (P = 0.04) fecal P excretion. The benefit from improved nutrient utilization with enzyme supplementation was further substantiated in a 38-d growth performance study with 48 pigs. The control and Enzyme C-supplemented diets (same as Exp. 1) were assigned to six replicate pens (four pigs per pen). The study was conducted in three phases (Phase 1 = d 0 to 7; Phase 2 = d 7 to 21; Phase 3 = d 21 to 38). Individual BW and pen feed disappearance were monitored. Average daily gain and G:F were 231 and 257 g (P = 0.01), and 0.56 and 0.63 (P = 0.001) for the control and enzyme-supplemented diets, respectively. It is evident from this study that the use of enzyme preparations may allow for cost-effective and environmentally friendly formulation of young pig diets.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, the effect of a potential multimicrobe probiotic subjected to high-temperature drying was investigated. Potential multimicrobe probiotics produced by solid substrate fermentation were dried at low (LT, 40°C for 72 h) or high (HT, 70°C for 36 h) temperature. In Exp. 1, 288 weaned pigs (BW, 6.43 ± 0.68 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments on the basis of BW (4 pens per treatment with 18 pigs in each pen). Dietary treatments were negative control (NC; basal diet without any antimicrobial), positive control (PC; basal diet + 0.1% chlortetracycline), basal diet with 0.3% probiotic LT, and basal diet with 0.3% probiotic HT. Diets were fed in 2 phases, phase I (d 0 to 14) and phase II (d 15 to 28); and growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD, d 28), and fecal microflora (d 14 and 28) were evaluated. Over the 28-d trial, pigs fed PC and probiotic diets had greater ADG (P < 0.001), ADFI (P < 0.05), and G:F (P < 0.01) than pigs fed NC diet. The ATTD of DM and GE was greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed probiotic diets when compared with pigs fed the NC diet. At d 28, fewer Clostridia (P < 0.01) were identified in the feces of pigs fed PC and probiotic diets than pigs fed the NC diet. However, the performance, ATTD of DM and GE, and fecal Clostridia population were similar among pigs fed probiotic LT and HT diets. In Exp. 2, 288 weaned pigs (initial BW, 5.84 ± 0.18 kg) were allotted to 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement on the basis of BW. The effects of 2 levels of probiotic HT (0.30 or 0.60%), each with or without antibiotic (chlortetracycline, 0 or 0.1%), on performance, ATTD, intestinal morphology, and fecal and intestinal microflora were investigated. Feeding of 0.60% probiotic HT diet improved (P < 0.05) overall ADG, ATTD of DM and GE, and Lactobacillus population in the feces and intestine, and reduced the population of Clostridium and coliforms in feces (d 14) and ileum. Inclusion of antibiotic improved (P < 0.05) the overall ADG, ADFI, and ATTD of DM at d 14 and reduced fecal Clostridium population at d 28. Increased (P < 0.05) villus height at jejunum and ileum, and villus height:crypt depth at the ileum was noticed in pigs fed 0.60% probiotic HT and antibiotic diets. In conclusion, high drying temperature had no effect on the efficacy of potential multimicrobe probiotic product. However, the probiotic product dried at high temperature was more effective at 0.60% inclusion, whereas inclusion of an antibiotic improved pig performance but did not show any interaction with probiotics.  相似文献   

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