共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 812 毫秒
1.
油菜苗期根系缺硼对保护酶的变化及多胺积累的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XIAO Feng-Hui 《土壤圈》1998,8(3):229-236
The effects of boron deficiency on the membrane permeability,the lipid peroxidation of membrane ,the activities of the protective enzymes and the accumulation of polyamines in the roots of rape (Brassica napus L.cv Zhongyou 821)plants were examined using solution culture experiment .Compared to the 20 mmol B m^-3 treatment ,boron-deficient treatment( 2 mmol B m^-3) decreased root dry weight and increased the rate of solute leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in the roots of rape.Similar patterns of change were observed in the level of lipid peroxidation (MDA concentration) and the rate of solute leakage under boron deficiency.Results suggested that a signifcant alteration of membrane composition had occurred under B deficiency.The concentration of putrescin and the ration of putrescine to spermidine spermine in the roots of rape increaed significantly,and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased in the roots of rape during B deficiency,But peroxidase activity in root of B-defcient plant was higher than that of control plant. 相似文献
2.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-mediated plant physiological activities could contribute to plant salt tolerance. However, the biochemical mechanism by which AM fungi enhance salt tolerance of halophytic plants is unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to determine whether salt tolerance of the C 3 halophyte Suaeda salsa was enhanced by the AM fungus Glomus mosseae. When 60-day-old S. salsa seedlings were subjected to 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress for 35 days, plant height, number of leaves and branches, shoot and root biomass, and root length of G. mosseae-colonized seedlings were significantly greater than those of the nonmycorrizal seedlings. Leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at all sampling times (weekly for 35 days after salt stress was initiated) and leaf catalase (CAT) activity at 2 and 3 weeks after salt stress was initiated were also significantly enhanced in G. mosseae-colonized S. salsa seedlings, while the content of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane lipid peroxidation, was significantly reduced, indicating an alleviation of oxidative damage. The corresponding leaf isoenzymes of SOD (Fe-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD1, and Cu/Zn-SOD2) and CAT (CAT1 and CAT2) were also significantly increased in the mycorrhizal seedlings after 14 days of 400 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Our results suggested that G. mosseae increased salt tolerance by increasing SOD and CAT activities and forming SOD and CAT isoforms in S. salsa seedlings. 相似文献
3.
盐胁迫下马蔺的生理反应研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Chinese iris （Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis （Fisch） Koidz.）, a robust iridaceous plant, is widespread in arid and semiarid regions with high salinity. However, the mechanism of its salt tolerance is not well understood. In this study, plant growth, water status, content and distribution of inorganic ions, cell membrane permeability, and proline content of I. laetea under salt stress were investigated using nutrient solutions with six NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 350 mmol L^-1. The results indicated that the biomass, height, fresh weight, K^＋ content, and K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^2＋/Na^＋ ratios decreased with increasing NaCl stress, whereas plant water deficit and contents of Na^＋ and Cl- increased with increasing NaCl stress. In all salt treatments, water deficit of shoots was found to be higher than that of roots and had a positive correlation with salt concentration. When the NaCl concentration was less than 280 mmol L^-1, the ion absorption selectivity ratio and the transportation selectivity ratio sharply increased with increasing NaCl stress. Under medium salt stress, I. lactea exhibited a strong K^＋ selective absorption and the transportation of K^＋ from roots to shoots increased, whereas Na^＋ was not transported and was mostly retained in roots. The plants were able to maintain osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of Na^＋, Cl-, and proline. On the basis of its biomass production under salt stress, I. lactea could be considered as a facultative halophyte. 相似文献
4.
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), including Glomus intraradices, Glomus constrictum and Glomus mosseae, on the growth, root colonization and Cd accumulation of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) at Cd addition levels of 0, 5 and 50 mg kg-1 in soil. The physiological characteristics, such as chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content and antioxidant enzyme activity, of Tagetes erecta L. were also investigated. The symbiotic relationship between the marigold plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was well established under Cd stress. The symbiotic relationship was reffected by the better physiobiochemical parameters of the marigold plants inoculated with the three AMF isolates where the colonization rates in the roots were between 34.3% and 88.8%. Compared with the non-inoculated marigold plants, the shoot and root biomass of the inoculated marigold plants increased by 15.2%- 47.5% and 47.8%-130.1%, respectively, and the Cd concentration and accumulation decreased. The chlorophyll and soluble sugar contents in the mycorrhizal marigold plants increased with Cd addition, indicating that AMF inoculation helped the marigold plants to grow by resisting Cd stress. The antioxidant enzymes reacted differently with the three AMF under Cd stress. For plants inoculated with G. constrictum and G. mosseae, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased with increasing Cd addition, but peroxidase (POD) activity decreased with increasing Cd addition. For plants inoculated with G. intraradices, three of the antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly decreased at high levels of Cd addition. Overall, the activities of the three antioxidant enzymes in the plants inoculated with AMF were higher than those of the plants without AMF inoculation under Cd stress. Our results support the view that antioxidant enzymes have a great influence on the biomass of plants, and AMF can improve the capability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and reduce Cd concentration in plants to alleviate Tagetes erecta L. from Cd stress. 相似文献
5.
Metsulfuron-methyl is one of the widely used sulfonylurea herbicides. However, approximately half of the applied metsulfuron-methyl may remain as bound residues in soil. To characterize the response of rice plants to residual metsulfuron-methyl in soil, the activities of acetolactate synthase （ALS）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） were investigated in two rice varieties that differed in susceptibility to the herbicide. Changes in the activity of these enzymes in leaves and roots of Xiushui 63, a sensitive rice variety, were greater than those in a resistant variety Zhenong 952. Irrespective of variety, changes in the enzyme activity were greater in the roots than in the leaves. The activities of ALS and CAT decreased, while the SOD activity increased with the increase in the amounts of bound residues of metsulfuron-methyl （BRM） in soil. The POD activity increased at the BRM level of 0.025 mg kg^-1, but decreased at the BRM level of 0.05 mg kg^-1. The results showed that the bound residues of sulfonylurea herbicides may affect metabolism of rice plants. 相似文献
6.
钙离子通过调节抗氧化酶活性保护NaCl对菊芋的毒害 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The ameliorative effect of external Ca^2＋ on Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus L.） under salt stress was studied through biochemical and physiological analyses of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings treated with or without 10 mol L^-1 CaCl2, 150 mmol L^-1 NaCl, and/or 5 mmol L^-1 ethylene-bis（oxyethylenenitrilo）-tetraacetic acid （EGTA） for five days. Exposure to NaC1 （150 mmol L^-1） decreased growth, leaf chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate of Jerusalem artichoke seedlings. NaC1 treatment showed 59% and 37% higher lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage, respectively, than the control. The activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, peroxidase （POD）, and catalase （CAT） were decreased by NaCl, indicating an impeded antioxidant defense mechanism of Jerusalem artichoke grown under salt stress. Addition of 10 mmol L^-1 CaCl2 to the salt solutions significantly decreased the damaging effect of NaC1 on growth and chlorophyll content and simultaneously restored the rate of photosynthesis almost to the level of the control. Ca^2＋ addition decreased the leaf malondialdehyde （MDA） content and electrolyte leakage from NaCl-treated seedlings by 47% and 24%, respectively, and significantly improved the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in NaCl-treated plants. Addition of EGTA, a specific chelator of Ca2＋, decreased the growth, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis, and increased level of MDA and electrolyte leakage from NaCl-treated plants and from the control plants. EGTA addition to the growth medium also repressed the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in NaCl-treated and control seedlings. External Ca2＋ might protect Jerusalem artichoke against NaC1 stress by up-regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes and thereby decreasing the oxidative stress. 相似文献
7.
海水胁迫对5种生态型菊芋生理生化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Three treatments consisting of 0%, 15%, and 30% seawater were investigated to analyse the ecotypic variabilities among five populations of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)regarding their responses to seawater stress under a hydroponic culture system. Analyses were done 2, 4, and 6 days after treatments. The 15% and 30% seawater treatments reduced the growth rates of roots and shoots of H. tuberosus populations. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase majored in the leaves were stimulated under the seawater stress. The electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde contents of the leaves were also stimulated owing to seawater stress. The contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves increased significantly with increasing seawater concentrations. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots increased with an increase in the seawater concentration throughout the experimental period. There were ecotypic differences among the five populations of H. tuberosus as evidenced by the analyses of the above items in both aerial parts and roots under seawater treatment. The magnitude of the ecotypic variance components indicated that a substantial proportion of the total variation for these physiological and biochemical responses were owing to ecotype, indicating the possibility of improvement through hybridization and selection. 相似文献
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A hydroponic experiment with six treatments, i.e., 0% seawater （control）, 10% seawater, 25% seawater, 0% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, 10% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaO3）, and 25% seawater ＋ N （7.5 mmol L-1 NaNO3）, was carried out to study the effect of nitrogen addition on the growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke （Helianthus tuberosus） seedlings under seawater stress. The 10% seawater stress treatment had the least effect on plant growth while at 25% seawater growth was significantly inhibited. The malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in leaves under 10% seawater were similar to those of the control, but significantly higher under the 25% seawater stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in the leaves increased concomitantly with increasing seawater concentration and time. Proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and Na^＋, K^＋, and Cl- contents in shoots and roots increased significantly with the concentration of seawater increasing. Nitrogen addition resulted in increasing fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots compared with seawater treatment without N. Nitrogen supplementation also significantly enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes in leaves. Addition of N to seawater enhanced the contents of proline and soluble-sugars in the leaves and K^＋ and total-N in the aerial parts and roots of H. tuberosus, but it resulted in declined concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl- in the aerial parts and roots. Nitrogen addition ameliorated the toxicity of seawater by improving the antioxidative enzymes, accumulating of proiine and soluble-sugars, and altering the distribution of inorganic ions in H. tuberosus. 相似文献
9.
大麦过氧化物体膜上的抗坏血酸过氧化物酶拟南芥的耐盐机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ascorbate peroxidases （APX）, localized in the cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondria, and chloroplasts of plant cells, catalyze the reduction of H2O2 to water by using ascorbic acid as the specific electron donor. To determine the role of peroxisomal type ascorbate peroxidase （pAPX）, an antioxidant enzyme, in protection against salt-induced oxidative stress, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant carrying a pAPX gene （HvAPX1） from barley （Hordeum vulgate L.） was analyzed. The transgenic line pAPX3 was found to be more tolerant to salt stress than the wild type. Irrespective of salt stress, there were no significant differences in Na^＋, K^＋, Ca^2＋, and Mg^2＋ contents and the ratio of K^＋ to Na^＋ between pAPX3 and the wild type. Clearly, the salt tolerance in pAPX3 was not due to the maintenance and reestablishment of cellular ion homeostasis. However, the degree of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation （measured as the levels of malondialdehyde） accumulation under salt stress was higher in the wild type than in pAPX3. The mechanism of salt tolerance in transgenic pAPX3 can thus be explained by reduction of oxidative stress injury. Under all conditions tested, activities of superoxide, glutathione reductase, and catalase were not significantly different between pAPX3 and the wild type. In contrast, the activity of APX was significantly higher in the transgenic plant than in wild type under salt stress. These results suggested that in higher plants, HvAPX1 played an important role in salt tolerance and was a candidate gene for developing salttolerant crop plants. 相似文献
10.
红壤中La的生物富集及其对玉米幼苗生长影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Through a pot culture lanthanum nitrate was applied to maize seedlings grown in a red loamy soil to investigate the physiological and toxic effects of added La on the growth of crop seedlings and La bioaccumulation to help understand the environmental chemistry behaviors of rare earth element as fertilizers in soils. Compared to the control, La concentrations in shoots and especially in roots of maize seedlings increased with an increase of La in the soil. Also, with added concentrations of La 〉 0.75 g La kg-1 soil and ≥ 0.05 g La kg^-1 soil, the dry weight of shoots and roots of maize seedlings was significantly reduced （P ≤ 0.05）, respectively, compared with the control. Additionally, La ≥0.5 g kg^-1 in the soil significantly inhibited （P ≤ 0.05） primary root elongation. Roots were more sensitive to La stress than shoots and thus could be used as a biomarker to La stress. Overall, in the red loamy soil studied, La had no significant beneficial effects on the growth of maize at the added La levels above 0.1 g kg^-1 soil. 相似文献
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甜菜M14品系与二倍体栽培甜菜耐盐性的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】甜菜属于耐盐碱作物,通过比较两个优质甜菜材料的耐盐性,为甜菜育种提供科学依据。【方法】本试验以甜菜M14品系(18+1条染色体)和来自同一亲本分离得到的二倍体栽培甜菜(18条染色体)为试验材料,在正常和200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下进行水培试验。在处理0、1、3、5、7天后,采集幼苗样品,测定株高、根长,分析K^+、Na^+、丙二醛(MDA)和甜菜碱含量,测定主要抗氧化物酶基因(SOD、CAT、APX、GR)和甜菜碱合成基因(CMO、BADH)的转录水平及以上6个基因编码酶活性。【结果】1)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料的株高和根长均无明显差异;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系的株高和根长均优于二倍体。2)正常条件下,M14品系与二倍体的根吸收K^+和Na^+的能力相似,代谢过程中产生甜菜碱的量相当;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,两个甜菜材料根中的K^+、Na^+含量差异不显著,而M14品系根中的甜菜碱含量高于二倍体。3)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料根中的SOD、CAT、APX、GR、CMO和BADH基因转录水平差异均不显著;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系根中的SOD和GR基因转录水平均在第1天时高于二倍体,CAT、APX、CMO和BADH基因转录水平在第3~5天显著高于二倍体。4)正常条件下,两个甜菜材料根中SOD、CAT、APX、GR、CMO和BADH活性差异不显著;200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,M14品系根中各酶活性均显著高于二倍体。【结论】在200 mmol/L NaCl胁迫条件下,甜菜M14品系根部的甜菜碱含量较高,抗氧化物酶基因转录水平及酶活性均显著高于二倍体,表现出更高的耐盐性。 相似文献
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采用土培方法探讨了不同光强（自然光和50%遮光）和镉（Cd）不同添加量（0、 25、 50、 75和100 mg/kg）复合处理下,龙葵对Cd的吸收累积特征,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、 过氧化物酶（POD）、 过氧化氢酶（CAT）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）活性以及叶绿素、 丙二醛（MDA）、 谷胱甘肽（GSH）和植物螯合肽（PCs）含量等的变化特征。结果表明, 自然光条件下龙葵叶绿素b、 叶绿素a+b以及地上和地下部Cd富集量均显著低于遮光处理; 叶和根的SOD、 POD、 CAT和APX活性在自然光条件下随土壤Cd添加量的增大先升后降,而在遮光处理下则持续升高; 除Cd 25 mg/kg处理时根POD及叶CAT活性在不同光强处理下没有显著差异外,其余Cd添加量处理下SOD、 POD、 CAT和APX活性在自然光条件下均显著高于遮光处理; 自然光条件下龙葵叶和根的MDA含量显著高于遮光处理,而叶和根的GSH含量和叶中PCs含量均显著低于遮光处理。研究结果表明,遮光环境促进了龙葵对Cd的富集,并且减轻了Cd对龙葵的氧化胁迫。 相似文献
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《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(7):1259-1270
Abstract The effect of cadmium (Cd) toxicity on growth, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes was studied using two rice cultivars, Bing 97252 with low and Xiushui 63 with high grain Cd accumulation. Plants were exposed to 0–5 μ M Cd in hydroponic culture. Cadmium stress inhibited plant height and chlorophyll content and altered melondialdehyde (MDA) content and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Roots and shoots responded differently to Cd in terms of antioxidant enzyme activity. Generally, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT decreased with increase in Cd level, while the activity of MDA increased with increase in Cd level. With the increase in Cd concentration in nutrient solution, MDA content in shoots and roots of Xiushui 63 increased at a much higher rate than did that of Bing 97252 at both growth stages. At booting stage, a decrease of 46%–52% in SOD activity was noted in plant roots grown under 5 μ M Cd, while at tillering stage the decrease was 13%–19% compared with the control. A significant decrease in chlorophyll content and plant height was noted under higher Cd treatment (1.0 and 5.0 μ mol) at two stages. The higher MDA and lower chlorophyll content in the cultivar Xiushui 63 showed that it is more sensitive to Cd than the cultivar Bing 97252. 相似文献
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采用盆栽实验方法研究了外源水杨酸（SA）对锰污染红壤中玉米的生长、脂质过氧化程度、活性氧水平以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,过量锰明显降低玉米植株干重,显著提高了茎叶和根中锰的含量。SA促进锰胁迫下玉米的生长,但对植株中锰的含量与分布无影响。过量锰处理下,玉米叶片超氧阴离子（O.2-）和过氧化氢积累显著增加,脂质过氧化、电解质渗透率和脯氨酸含量显著升高;而SA和过量锰复合处理下,这些指标则显著降低。过量锰诱导超氧化物歧化酶（SOD,EC1.15.1.1）、过氧化物酶（POD,EC1.11.1.7）活性升高,抑制过氧化氢酶（CAT,EC1.11.1.6）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX,1.11.1.11）活性;SA处理促进锰胁迫下SOD和POD活性进一步升高,减小CAT和APX活性下降的程度。这些结果提示,SA调节抗氧化酶活性,保护组织细胞免遭氧化损伤,是SA缓解过量锰对玉米毒害作用的重要生理原因。 相似文献
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Evren Yildiztugay Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci Mustafa Kucukoduk Seyit Ahmet Tekis 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(2):261-275
Selenium (Se), regarded as an antioxidant, has been found beneficial for plants growing under stressed conditions. To investigate whether the Se application helps to improve stress tolerance, sodium selenite (Na2SeO3 · 5H2O, 5–15 μM) was hydroponically applied to Zea mays variety OSSK-713-roots under heat and/or PEG-induced osmotic stress (25% PEG-6000) for 8 h. The individual/combined stress caused accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). While only superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with heat stress alone, the activities of SOD, catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increased under PEG exposure. The combination of these stresses resulted in an induction of both SOD and CAT activities. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels were also high in all the stress treatments, especially under the combination treatment. Addition of Se not only improved the activities of SOD, APX and glutathione reductase (GR) in stress-treated roots, but it also changed the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR). The findings reveal that Se has a positive effect on heat and/or osmotic stress mitigation mainly by regulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, especially in PEG-treated plants. Under the combined stress treatment, addition of 5 µM of exogenous Se was most effective. 相似文献
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以冬小麦‘小堰22号’为试验材料,研究了CO2激光与外源一氧化氮(NO)复合作用对低温胁迫(4℃)下小麦幼苗自由基双氧水(H2O2)、超氧阴离子(O2?)浓度,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)活性,一氧化氮(NO)及蛋白质含量,及幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明:与单独低温胁迫相比,外源NO处理后低温胁迫和CO2激光处理后低温胁迫都显著降低了H2O2和O2?浓度,提高了SOD、CAT、POD、APX、NOS活性,NO和蛋白质含量,促进幼苗生长发育。外源NO处理后再进行CO2激光辐射,虽然可以降低低温胁迫下幼苗H2O2和O2?浓度,提高SOD、CAT、POD、APX、NOS活性及NO和蛋白质浓度,促进幼苗生长发育,但其保护效应明显低于外源NO处理后低温胁迫和CO2激光处理后低温胁迫的效果。上述结果说明,NO对低温胁迫的防护效应优于NO和CO2激光复合处理。因此,建议在农业生产中单独采用NO处理或者CO2激光处理,可以促进农作物对低温胁迫的抗性。 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1885-1903
Abstract: Understanding plant responses to drought stress is essential, and there is a need to know possible physiological mechanisms of damage and drought avoidance for the genetic improvement of crops. Therefore, we investigated the effects of silicon (Si) on shoot and root growth, leaf relative water content (RWC), stomatal resistance (SR), lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability (MP), proline and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation, nonenzymatic antioxidant activity, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) of 12 sunflower cultivars grown under drought conditions. Silicon applied to the soil counteracted the deleterious effects of drought in 6 of the 12 sunflower cultivars. In general, SR and H2O2, proline, and MDA content were increased in all the cultivars under drought stress. However, application of Si decreased their levels and alleviated membrane damage (MP) significantly by increasing leaf RWC. The CAT activity was significantly decreased by drought stress, but supplemental Si increased it. In general, SOD and APX activities of the cultivars were increased by drought and decreased by application of Si. The nonenzymatic antioxidant activity of the cultivars was significantly increased by Si under drought stress. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that applied Si alleviates drought stress in sunflower cultivars by preventing membrane damage, although the cultivars showed genotypic variation in response to applied Si. 相似文献