共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Fan W Waymire KG Narula N Li P Rocher C Coskun PE Vannan MA Narula J Macgregor GR Wallace DC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5865):958-962
The majority of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that cause human disease are mild to moderately deleterious, yet many random mtDNA mutations would be expected to be severe. To determine the fate of the more severe mtDNA mutations, we introduced mtDNAs containing two mutations that affect oxidative phosphorylation into the female mouse germ line. The severe ND6 mutation was selectively eliminated during oogenesis within four generations, whereas the milder COI mutation was retained throughout multiple generations even though the offspring consistently developed mitochondrial myopathy and cardiomyopathy. Thus, severe mtDNA mutations appear to be selectively eliminated from the female germ line, thereby minimizing their impact on population fitness. 相似文献
2.
Fliss MS Usadel H Caballero OL Wu L Buta MR Eleff SM Jen J Sidransky D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5460):2017-2019
Examination of human bladder, head and neck, and lung primary tumors revealed a high frequency of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. The majority of these somatic mutations were homoplasmic in nature, indicating that the mutant mtDNA became dominant in tumor cells. The mutated mtDNA was readily detectable in paired bodily fluids from each type of cancer and was 19 to 220 times as abundant as mutated nuclear p53 DNA. By virtue of their clonal nature and high copy number, mitochondrial mutations may provide a powerful molecular marker for noninvasive detection of cancer. 相似文献
3.
利用显微注射线粒体技术建立转人线粒体小鼠模型,研究外源突变mtDNA在不同组织的分布及遗传规律,探讨mtDNA A3243G点突变对线粒体功能的影响.从健康成人及2型糖尿病患者(携带mtDNA 3243A-G突变)血液标本中分离有活性的线粒体,将其显微注射至小鼠受精卵,胚胎移植,产出仔鼠后利用分子生物学方法检测人mtDNA及mtDNA A3243G点突变.获得嵌合体小鼠后,对其空腹血糖和全血乳酸进行测定,并使用荧光法和比色法分析A3243G点突变小鼠重要脏器组织细胞活性氧生成量(ROS)、线粒体复合酶Ⅰ和Ⅳ活力及线粒体ATP合成活力的变化.研究结果显示:在1只雌性(转健康人线粒体)和2只雄性小鼠(转患者线粒体)中检测到人mtDNA,其中2只雄性小鼠携带mtDNA 3243A-G突变;将嵌和体雌鼠与野生型C57BL/6J 雄鼠交配后,在1只后代仔鼠中检测到人mtDNA;人mtDNA仅在嵌合小鼠的部分组织中表达.在含有mtDNA A3243G突变的组织中发现,线粒体复合酶Ⅰ、Ⅳ活力降低,ATP合成速率下降,ROS水平升高,说明A3243G点突变能损伤线粒体正常功能从而导致疾病的发生.综上所述,本研究利用显微注射法成功建立了嵌和小鼠,引入了致病性的点突变,为线粒体疾病的研究提供了良好的思路. 相似文献
4.
This study analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable region 601 bp sequence in 12 Eutamias sibiricus from Heilongjiang area. The result showed that the average contents of A, T, G and C were 33.2%, 30.5%, 11.8% and 24.5% respectively, the A＋T content （63.7%） was obviously higher than the G＋C content （36.3%）. Thirty-six, mutation （approximately 6.0%） sites were found and 9 haplotypes were defined. The mutations types, including transition, transversion and deletion were all found in the detected mtDNA D-loop regions, most of which was transition. The average nucleotide mutational ratio was 1.22%. The nucleotide mutation sites affected the restriction site appearance or disappearance of the restriction site. The research on mtDNA D-loop is focused on the domestic animals and there is no report on Eutamias sibiricus, This study analyzed the mitochondrial DNA D-loop hypervariable in Eutamias sibiricus so as to provide some useful informations for related research in the future. 相似文献
5.
利川马mtDNA Cytb基因遗传多态性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用PCR和生物信息技术,对22匹利川马线粒体DNA Cytb基因全序列的遗传多态性及系统进化进行了分析.结果发现,利川马的Crtb基因全序列为1140 bp,并且检测到9种单倍型和26个核苷酸多态位点,约占所测核苷酸总长的0.53%.利川马mtDNA Cytb基因单倍型多样度为0.840 0,核苷酸多样度为0.0486.表明利川马mtDNA Cytb基因遗传多态性较丰富.根据mtDNA Cytb基因序列构建的NJ树,发现利川马是多起源的物种. 相似文献
6.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is essential for cells to maintain respiratory competency and is inherited as a protein-DNA complex called the nucleoid. We have identified 22 mtDNA-associated proteins in yeast, among which is mitochondrial aconitase (Aco1p). We show that this Krebs-cycle enzyme is essential for mtDNA maintenance independent of its catalytic activity. Regulation of ACO1 expression by the HAP and retrograde metabolic signaling pathways directly affects mtDNA maintenance. When constitutively expressed, Aco1p can replace the mtDNA packaging function of the high-mobility-group protein Abf2p. Thus, Aco1p may integrate metabolic signals and mtDNA maintenance. 相似文献
7.
High copy number and random segregation confound genetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome. We developed an efficient selection for heritable mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) mutations in Drosophila, thereby enhancing a metazoan model for study of mitochondrial genetics and mutations causing human mitochondrial disease. Targeting a restriction enzyme to mitochondria in the germline compromised fertility, but escaper progeny carried homoplasmic mtDNA mutations lacking the cleavage site. Among mutations eliminating a site in the cytochrome c oxidase gene, mt:CoI(A302T) was healthy, mt:CoI(R301L) was male sterile but otherwise healthy, and mt:CoI(R301S) exhibited a wide range of defects, including growth retardation, neurodegeneration, muscular atrophy, male sterility, and reduced life span. Thus, germline expression of mitochondrial restriction enzymes creates a powerful selection and has allowed direct isolation of mitochondrial mutants in a metazoan. 相似文献
8.
Kujoth GC Hiona A Pugh TD Someya S Panzer K Wohlgemuth SE Hofer T Seo AY Sullivan R Jobling WA Morrow JD Van Remmen H Sedivy JM Yamasoba T Tanokura M Weindruch R Leeuwenburgh C Prolla TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5733):481-484
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulate in tissues of mammalian species and have been hypothesized to contribute to aging. We show that mice expressing a proofreading-deficient version of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase g (POLG) accumulate mtDNA mutations and display features of accelerated aging. Accumulation of mtDNA mutations was not associated with increased markers of oxidative stress or a defect in cellular proliferation, but was correlated with the induction of apoptotic markers, particularly in tissues characterized by rapid cellular turnover. The levels of apoptotic markers were also found to increase during aging in normal mice. Thus, accumulation of mtDNA mutations that promote apoptosis may be a central mechanism driving mammalian aging. 相似文献
9.
Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Vilà C Leonard JA Gotherstrom A Marklund S Sandberg K Liden K Wayne RK Ellegren H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5503):474-477
Domestication entails control of wild species and is generally regarded as a complex process confined to a restricted area and culture. Previous DNA sequence analyses of several domestic species have suggested only a limited number of origination events. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences of 191 domestic horses and found a high diversity of matrilines. Sequence analysis of equids from archaeological sites and late Pleistocene deposits showed that this diversity was not due to an accelerated mutation rate or an ancient domestication event. Consequently, high mtDNA sequence diversity of horses implies an unprecedented and widespread integration of matrilines and an extensive utilization and taming of wild horses. However, genetic variation at nuclear markers is partitioned among horse breeds and may reflect sex-biased dispersal and breeding. 相似文献
10.
Within-species genetic diversity is thought to reflect population size, history, ecology, and ability to adapt. Using a comprehensive collection of polymorphism data sets covering approximately 3000 animal species, we show that the widely used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker does not reflect species abundance or ecology: mtDNA diversity is not higher in invertebrates than in vertebrates, in marine than in terrestrial species, or in small than in large organisms. Nuclear loci, in contrast, fit these intuitive expectations. The unexpected mitochondrial diversity distribution is explained by recurrent adaptive evolution, challenging the neutral theory of molecular evolution and questioning the relevance of mtDNA in biodiversity and conservation studies. 相似文献
11.
Isolation of high-quality mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） is an important premise for researching molecular mechanisms in cytoplasmic male sterility of cabbage（Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata）. An efficient protocol for separation and purification of mitochondria and extraction of mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA） from etiolated tissues of cabbage was developed. We took a method combined mannitol density gradient with differential centrifugation, selected appropriate rotational speed, extended DNase I treating time and changed mitochondria cracking condition. The results showed that the extracted mitochondria in this protocol had complete structure, appeared to ellipsoid and had not been contaminated with other impurities under the Jannus Green B staining. The isolated mitochondrial DNA had high purity and yield through detecting the optical density, nuclear specific primer PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that mitochondrial DNA extracted by this protocol had high quality and enabled to be used in futher genetic studies. 相似文献
12.
Bazin et al. (Reports, 28 April, 2006, p. 570) found no relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diversity and population size when comparing across large groups of animals. We show empirically that species with smaller populations, as represented by eutherian mammals, exhibit a positive correlation between mtDNA and allozyme variation, suggesting that mtDNA diversity may correlate with population size in these animals. 相似文献
13.
为研究河南省伏牛白山羊的遗传多样性和系统进化,试验测定了该品种8个个体的线粒体控制区全序列,结果表明,山羊控制区线粒体控制全序列长度为1212bp或1213bp,A T含量占60.1%,其中40个核苷酸位点存在变异(约占3.30%),核苷酸多样度为1.562%,这些差异共定义了7种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.964,表明中国山羊品种遗传多样性丰富。根据伏牛白山羊序列和GENBANK两条野山羊序列构建了NJ分子系统树,聚类表明,伏牛白山羊和角骨羊单独聚在一枝上,二者亲缘关系较近,伏牛白山羊可能起源于角骨羊。 相似文献
14.
[目的]研究分析了贵州黑山羊mtDNACytb基因的遗传多样性,为贵州黑山羊遗传资源的保护、开发及利用奠定分子遗传学方面的基础。[方法]测定贵州黑山羊品种16个个体的细胞色素b基因全序列,分析其碱基组成和序列间碱基的变异。[结果]在该品种(群体)中观察到6次T-C间发生碱基转换,其中有5个碱基替换发生在密码子第3位点,有1个碱基替换发生在密码子第1位点,且所有的变异均为同义突变;观察到4种单倍型。单倍型多样度(H)为0.442,核苷酸多样度(π值)为0.145%+0.159%。以绵羊为外群构建分子系统发生树,结果初步提示,贵州黑山羊有两个母系起源,其中支系A占81.25%(13/16),支系B占18.75%(3/16)。[结论]贵州黑山羊有两个母系起源(支系A和支系B),且该品种线粒体DNA多态度较为贫乏。 相似文献
15.
African populations and the evolution of human mitochondrial DNA. 总被引：148，自引：0，他引：148
L Vigilant M Stoneking H Harpending K Hawkes A C Wilson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1991,253(5027):1503-1507
The proposal that all mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) types in contemporary humans stem from a common ancestor present in an African population some 200,000 years ago has attracted much attention. To study this proposal further, two hypervariable segments of mtDNA were sequenced from 189 people of diverse geographic origin, including 121 native Africans. Geographic specificity was observed in that identical mtDNA types are shared within but not between populations. A tree relating these mtDNA sequences to one another and to a chimpanzee sequence has many deep branches leading exclusively to African mtDNAs. An African origin for human mtDNA is supported by two statistical tests. With the use of the chimpanzee and human sequences to calibrate the rate of mtDNA evolution, the age of the common human mtDNA ancestor is placed between 166,000 and 249,000 years. These results thus support and extend the African origin hypothesis of human mtDNA evolution. 相似文献
16.
与动物细胞核DNA相比,线粒体DNA在遗传上具有自主性,很容易从组织中提取,且重复性好。线粒体基因组遗传特点的研究,已成为真核生物分子遗传学、发育生物学和分子系统进化领域中的一个重要模式体系。通过分析线粒体基因组的结构成分和遗传特点,阐述了线粒体DNA在进化遗传学方面的应用。 相似文献
17.
延边牛线粒体DNA D-loop序列多态性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对4头延边牛个体与GenBank中4头朝鲜牛个体的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D环(D-loop区)910bp全序列进行了比较分析。结果发现,8头黄牛个体mtDNAD-loop序列由8种单倍型组成,单倍型比例为100%,表明2个黄牛品种mtDNA遗传多态性很丰富;在4头延边牛D-loop区序列中,共检测到核苷酸多态位点17个,核苷酸变异率为1.87%;在4头朝鲜牛中共检测到核苷酸多态位点10个,核苷酸变异率为1.10%;延边牛和朝鲜牛mtDNAD-loop全序列突变类型均为转换、颠换和插入/缺失,其中以转换为主;序列分析显示朝鲜牛与延边牛的同源性很高,达98.90%～99.67%,表明朝鲜牛和延边牛亲缘关系很近。 相似文献
18.
Ishikawa K Takenaga K Akimoto M Koshikawa N Yamaguchi A Imanishi H Nakada K Honma Y Hayashi J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5876):661-664
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) occur at high frequency in human tumors, but whether these mutations alter tumor cell behavior has been unclear. We used cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) technology to replace the endogenous mtDNA in a mouse tumor cell line that was poorly metastatic with mtDNA from a cell line that was highly metastatic, and vice versa. Using assays of metastasis in mice, we found that the recipient tumor cells acquired the metastatic potential of the transferred mtDNA. The mtDNA conferring high metastatic potential contained G13997A and 13885insC mutations in the gene encoding NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6). These mutations produced a deficiency in respiratory complex I activity and were associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment of the highly metastatic tumor cells with ROS scavengers suppressed their metastatic potential in mice. These results indicate that mtDNA mutations can contribute to tumor progression by enhancing the metastatic potential of tumor cells. 相似文献
19.
为阐明中国荷斯坦奶牛和鲁西黄牛的线粒体DNA多态性及其起源关系.提取了2个品种牛外周血液中的线粒体DNA(mtDNA),用PCR方法将牛mtDNA全长分为4段进行扩增,并用NlaⅢ、HpaⅡ、BglⅡ等16种限制性内切酶进行酶解消化,分析2个品种牛mtDNA的多态性,最终经7种限制性内切酶片段长度多态性分析,共归纳出4种主要的单倍型.通过对2个品种牛mtDNAD环全序列的聚类分析表明:鲁西黄牛和中国荷斯坦奶牛可能均为混合母系起源,源于欧洲普通牛和印度瘤牛.该研究结果对提高动物体外受精和体细胞核移植效率等生物技术平台有一定的理论指导意义. 相似文献
20.
牦牛线粒体基因组研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
马志杰 《中国农业大学学报》2014,19(3):154-161
系统了解牦牛线粒体基因组(mtDNA)的研究现状,探究其存在的缺陷与不足,为今后更好地开展牦牛基因组学研究提供依据和基础材料。笔者通过查阅近20年有关牦牛mtDNA研究的文献资料,对牦牛mtDNA全序列和部分序列的研究进展进行综述。自20世纪80年代末以来,mtDNA作为一种很好的分子标记已被研究者用于探究牦牛的起源驯化、遗传多样性、迁徙模式、历史发展动态、分类学地位、适应性机理及系统发育关系等问题,并取得了具有结论性的诸多成果。然而,有关牦牛mtDNA全序列基础上的群体基因组学研究、线粒体转录组和蛋白质组学研究、核基因组与线粒体基因组间的互作和调控研究、线粒体基因组与部分性状间的关联分析等内容,还有待继续深入研究。 相似文献