共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
After amputation, freshwater planarians properly regenerate a head or tail from the resulting anterior or posterior wound. The mechanisms that differentiate anterior from posterior and direct the replacement of the appropriate missing body parts are unknown. We found that in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea, RNA interference (RNAi) of beta-catenin or dishevelled causes the inappropriate regeneration of a head instead of a tail at posterior amputations. Conversely, RNAi of the beta-catenin antagonist adenomatous polyposis coli results in the regeneration of a tail at anterior wounds. In addition, the silencing of beta-catenin is sufficient to transform the tail of uncut adult animals into a head. We suggest that beta-catenin functions as a molecular switch to specify and maintain anteroposterior identity during regeneration and homeostasis in planarians. 相似文献
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Polarized notum activation at wounds inhibits Wnt function to promote planarian head regeneration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Regeneration requires initiation of programs tailored to the identity of missing parts. Head-versus-tail regeneration in planarians presents a paradigm for study of this phenomenon. After injury, Wnt signaling promotes tail regeneration. We report that wounding elicits expression of the Wnt inhibitor notum preferentially at anterior-facing wounds. This expression asymmetry occurs at essentially any wound, even if the anterior pole is intact. Inhibition of notum with RNA interference (RNAi) causes regeneration of an anterior-facing tail instead of a head, and double-RNAi experiments indicate that notum inhibits Wnt signaling to promote head regeneration. notum expression is itself controlled by Wnt signaling, suggesting that regulation of feedback inhibition controls the binary head-tail regeneration outcome. We conclude that local detection of wound orientation with respect to tissue axes results in distinct signaling environments that initiate appropriate regeneration responses. 相似文献
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构建DjStag基因的RNA干扰表达载体,诱导表达产生dsRNA后喂食涡虫,观察DjStag表达变化及对涡虫再生的影响。本文以含有东亚三角涡虫DjStag基因的pcDNA3 DjStag重组质粒为模板,经PCR 扩增目的片段,将其克隆到干扰载体L4440 上,构建重组质粒L4440 DjStag后转化入大肠杆菌HT115感受态细胞中, IPTG 诱导表达dsRNA后喂食涡虫。显微观察涡虫再生过程中的表型变化,Real time PCR检测干扰后涡虫DjStag基因表达的变化。结果表明,成功构建了DjStag基因的RNA干扰表达载体;DjStag基因 RNA干扰后,涡虫不能正常再生,再生片段显示出明显的再生缺陷;涡虫体内DjStag基因的表达受到抑制,DjStag mRNA的表达水平显著下降。 相似文献
4.
Coudreuse DY Roël G Betist MC Destrée O Korswagen HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5775):921-924
Wnt proteins function as morphogens that can form long-range concentration gradients to pattern developing tissues. Here, we show that the retromer, a multiprotein complex involved in intracellular protein trafficking, is required for long-range signaling of the Caenorhabditis elegans Wnt ortholog EGL-20. The retromer functions in EGL-20-producing cells to allow the formation of an EGL-20 gradient along the anteroposterior axis. This function is evolutionarily conserved, because Wnt target gene expression is also impaired in the absence of the retromer complex in vertebrates. These results demonstrate that the ability of Wnt to regulate long-range patterning events is dependent on a critical and conserved function of the retromer complex within Wnt-producing cells. 相似文献
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Double-stranded RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi) in Caenorhabditis elegans systemically inhibits gene expression throughout the organism. To investigate how gene-specific silencing information is transmitted between cells, we constructed a strain that permits visualization of systemic RNAi. We used this strain to identify systemic RNA interference-deficient (sid) loci required to spread gene-silencing information between tissues but not to initiate or maintain an RNAi response. One of these loci, sid-1, encodes a conserved protein with predicted transmembrane domains. SID-1 is expressed in cells sensitive to RNAi, is localized to the cell periphery, and is required cell-autonomously for systemic RNAi. 相似文献
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An early event in RNA interference (RNAi) is the cleavage of the initiating double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to short pieces, 21 to 23 nucleotides in length. Here we describe a null mutation in dicer-1 (dcr-1), a gene proposed to encode the enzyme that generates these short RNAs. We find that dcr-1(-/-) animals have defects in RNAi under some, but not all, conditions. Mutant animals have germ line defects that lead to sterility, suggesting that cleavage of dsRNA to short pieces is a requisite event in normal development. 相似文献
8.
Pourquié O 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5631):328-330
In most animal species, the anteroposterior body axis is generated by the formation of repeated structures called segments. In vertebrate segmentation, a specialized mesodermal structure called the somite gives rise to skeletal muscles, vertebrae, and some dermis. Formation of the somites is a rhythmic process that involves an oscillator--the segmentation clock--driven by Wnt and Notch signaling. The clock ticks in somite precursors and halts when they reach a specific maturation stage defined as the wavefront, established by fibroblast growth factor and Wnt signaling. This process converts the temporal oscillations into the periodic spatial pattern of somite boundaries. The study of somite development provides insights into the spatiotemporal integration of signaling systems in the vertebrate embryo. 相似文献
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Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Porrello ER Mahmoud AI Simpson E Hill JA Richardson JA Olson EN Sadek HA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,331(6020):1078-1080
Certain fish and amphibians retain a robust capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life, but the same is not true of the adult mammalian heart. Whether the capacity for cardiac regeneration is absent in mammals or whether it exists and is switched off early after birth has been unclear. We found that the hearts of 1-day-old neonatal mice can regenerate after partial surgical resection, but this capacity is lost by 7 days of age. This regenerative response in 1-day-old mice was characterized by cardiomyocyte proliferation with minimal hypertrophy or fibrosis, thereby distinguishing it from repair processes. Genetic fate mapping indicated that the majority of cardiomyocytes within the regenerated tissue originated from preexisting cardiomyocytes. Echocardiography performed 2 months after surgery revealed that the regenerated ventricular apex had normal systolic function. Thus, for a brief period after birth, the mammalian heart appears to have the capacity to regenerate. 相似文献
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为进一步研究瓜叶菊Mlo基因的功能以及为将来获得具有广谱与持久的白粉菌抗性瓜叶菊种质资源奠定基础,以瓜叶菊(Pericallis hybrida B.Nord)‘大花’为试验材料,克隆瓜叶菊‘大花’Mlo基因保守片段,构建了瓜叶菊‘大花’RNAi载体;同时构建了瓜叶菊‘大花’高频再生体系;并利用根癌农杆菌介导法转化瓜叶菊‘大花’进而建立了遗传转化体系。经酶切鉴定,成功构建了Mlo基因的RNAi载体质粒pTCK303-mlo-RNAi,构建了瓜叶菊‘大花’高频再生体系,最终确定瓜叶菊‘大花’最佳愈伤诱导培养基为:MS+6-BA 2.4mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L+KT 0.3mg/L+2,4-D 1.0mg/L;瓜叶菊‘大花’愈伤组织的分化培养最适培养基为:MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L;瓜叶菊‘大花’生根培养的最佳培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.5mg·L-1,并且初步探索了瓜叶菊‘大花’Mlo基因转化体系。 相似文献
12.
Mechanisms by which Wnt pathways integrate the organization of receptors, organelles, and cytoskeletal proteins to confer cell polarity and directional cell movement are incompletely understood. We show that acute responses to Wnt5a involve recruitment of actin, myosin IIB, Frizzled 3, and melanoma cell adhesion molecule into an intracellular structure in a melanoma cell line. In the presence of a chemokine gradient, this Wnt-mediated receptor-actin-myosin polarity (W-RAMP) structure accumulates asymmetrically at the cell periphery, where it triggers membrane contractility and nuclear movement in the direction of membrane retraction. The process requires endosome trafficking, is associated with multivesicular bodies, and is regulated by Wnt5a through the small guanosine triphosphatases Rab4 and RhoB. Thus, cell-autonomous mechanisms allow Wnt5a to control cell orientation, polarity, and directional movement in response to positional cues from chemokine gradients. 相似文献
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The Caenorhabditis elegans anteroposterior axis is established in response to fertilization by sperm. Here we present evidence that RhoA, the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor ECT-2, and the Rho guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein CYK-4 modulate myosin light-chain activity to create a gradient of actomyosin, which establishes the anterior domain. CYK-4 is enriched within sperm, and paternally donated CYK-4 is required for polarity. These data suggest that CYK-4 provides a molecular link between fertilization and polarity establishment in the one-cell embryo. Orthologs of CYK-4 are expressed in sperm of other species, which suggests that this cue may be evolutionarily conserved. 相似文献
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植物中RNA干扰技术的研究与应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
RNA干扰(RNAi)是与靶基因同源的双链RNA引发的,在真菌、植物和动物中普遍存在的序列特异的转录后基因沉默(PTGS)现象。该方法的研究是目前分子生物学和基因工程领域研究的热点之一。作为反向遗传学研究的新工具,RNAi在基因功能研究、基因治疗以及病毒防治等方面发挥着巨大的作用,文章将RNAi的发现、作用机理、特点、导入思路和方法及其在植物中的广泛应用进行了综述。 相似文献
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Heart regeneration in zebrafish 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Cardiac injury in mammals and amphibians typically leads to scarring, with minimal regeneration of heart muscle. Here, we demonstrate histologically that zebrafish fully regenerate hearts within 2 months of 20% ventricular resection. Regeneration occurs through robust proliferation of cardiomyocytes localized at the leading epicardial edge of the new myocardium. The hearts of zebrafish with mutations in the Mps1 mitotic checkpoint kinase, a critical cell cycle regulator, failed to regenerate and formed scars. Thus, injury-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish can overcome scar formation, allowing cardiac muscle regeneration. These findings indicate that zebrafish will be useful for genetically dissecting the molecular mechanisms of cardiac regeneration. 相似文献
17.
Reddien PW Oviedo NJ Jennings JR Jenkin JC Sánchez Alvarado A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,310(5752):1327-1330
We have identified two genes, smedwi-1 and smedwi-2, expressed in the dividing adult stem cells (neoblasts) of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Both genes encode proteins that belong to the Argonaute/PIWI protein family and that share highest homology with those proteins defined by Drosophila PIWI. RNA interference (RNAi) of smedwi-2 blocks regeneration, even though neoblasts are present, irradiation-sensitive, and capable of proliferating in response to wounding; smedwi-2(RNAi) neoblast progeny migrate to sites of cell turnover but, unlike normal cells, fail at replacing aged tissue. We suggest that SMEDWI-2 functions within dividing neoblasts to support the generation of cells that promote regeneration and homeostasis. 相似文献
18.
山羊早期胎儿组织TET1与Wnt通路基因的表达变化及其相关性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】通过检测TET1和Wnt信号通路相关基因以及DKK家族基因在山羊胎儿发育早期的表达变化,分析TET1与Wnt通路基因的相关性,为TET1调控山羊胎儿发育研究提供理论依据。【方法】选取12只健康大足黑山羊母羊,自然发情后与同一只种公羊自然交配。采用剖腹产手术的方法,分别获得妊娠20、25、30、60和90d的胎儿,对胎儿的生长指标(体重、体长)进行统计,并采集了60和90d胎儿的组织器官样品(心、肝、肺、肾、脑、皮肤),通过Real-time PCR(RT-PCR)检测各样品中TET1基因,DKK家族基因(DKK1、DKK2、DKK3)和Wnt家族基因(Wnt2、Wnt2b、Wnt4、Wnt5a、Wnt5b、Wnt7b、Wnt16)的相对表达量。利用SPSS软件分析山羊胎儿发育早期不同阶段TET1与WNT信号通路相关基因相关性以及基因表达显著性(P0.05)。【结果】山羊妊娠早期胎儿生长在60d后有显著变化。荧光定量检测结果表明,TET1基因表达随妊娠天数的增加呈上升趋势。Wnt家族基因在山羊胎儿发育中都检测到表达(Wnt2,-2b,-4,-5a,-5b,-7b,-16)。其中,Wnt2和Wnt7b表达量随胎儿发育逐渐增高;Wnt2b、Wnt5a、Wnt5b、Wnt7b在妊娠30 d时有显著高表达(P0.05);Wnt4在胎儿发育20 d时表达显著(P0.05);Wnt16基因在妊娠25 d有显著高表达(P0.05)。DKK家族基因表达检测结果显示,DKK1在胎儿发育早期阶段都有表达,DKK2/3在妊娠初期表达量较低,后期表达增高。通过组织中基因表达检测显示,TET1在90d胎儿肝、肺、肾和脑中的表达水平相比于60d胎儿组织升高,肝中表达量显著(P0.05)。Wnt家族基因Wnt2在组织器官中有相对活跃的表达,妊娠90d胎儿肺中表达量极显著(P0.01);Wnt16基因在胎儿皮肤组织中表达显著(P0.05),且维持在一个较高的水平;Wnt5a和Wnt7b在肾中表达显著(P0.05),其他Wnt基因在组织中都有表达。相关性分析显示,胎儿生长指标(体重、体长)变化与TET1的表达呈极显著正相关(P0.01);TET1在胎儿发育早期的表达与Wnt2、Wnt7b、Wnt16呈现正相关,与Wnt2b、Wnt4、Wnt5a、Wnt5b呈负相关,其中与Wnt5b呈显著负相关(P0.05),与Wnt7b呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。Wnt通路基因之间也有相互关系,Wnt2与Wnt4呈极显著负相关(P0.01)。Wnt2与Wnt7b,Wnt2b与Wnt5a、Wnt5b,Wnt5a与Wnt5b呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。Wnt4与Wnt5a呈显著正相关(P0.05)。【结论】获得了TET1与Wnt基因在山羊胎儿发育早期的表达模式,并进行了相关性分析,填补了这些基因在山羊方面的研究空白;TET1与Wnt基因对山羊胎儿早期的发育和组织的形成是一个动态的调控变化过程;TET1基因表达与部分Wnt基因呈现显著正相关,部分呈现显著负相关;Wnt通路基因之间表达量呈现一定的相关性。这些数据为TET1与Wnt分子调控山羊早期胎儿发育的机制深入研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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Increasingly complex networks of small RNAs act through RNA-interference (RNAi) pathways to regulate gene expression, to mediate antiviral responses, to organize chromosomal domains, and to restrain the spread of selfish genetic elements. Historically, RNAi has been defined as a response to double-stranded RNA. However, some small RNA species may not arise from double-stranded RNA precursors. Yet, like microRNAs and small interfering RNAs, such species guide Argonaute proteins to silencing targets through complementary base-pairing. Silencing can be achieved by corecruitment of accessory factors or through the activity of Argonaute itself, which often has endonucleolytic activity. As a specific and adaptive regulatory system, RNAi is used throughout eukarya, which indicates a long evolutionary history. A likely function of RNAi throughout that history is to protect the genome from both pathogenic and parasitic invaders. 相似文献
20.
Pluripotent cells in the embryo can generate all cell types, but lineage-restricted cells are generally thought to replenish adult tissues. Planarians are flatworms and regenerate from tiny body fragments, a process requiring a population of proliferating cells (neoblasts). Whether regeneration is accomplished by pluripotent cells or by the collective activity of multiple lineage-restricted cell types is unknown. We used ionizing radiation and single-cell transplantation to identify neoblasts that can form large descendant-cell colonies in vivo. These clonogenic neoblasts (cNeoblasts) produce cells that differentiate into neuronal, intestinal, and other known postmitotic cell types and are distributed throughout the body. Single transplanted cNeoblasts restored regeneration in lethally irradiated hosts. We conclude that broadly distributed, adult pluripotent stem cells underlie the remarkable regenerative abilities of planarians. 相似文献