共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
毛薯是海南的传统杂粮，富含植物多糖。本研究以毛薯块茎粉末为材料探究毛薯多糖的提取工艺和抗氧化活性。采用热水提取法分别进行单因素和三因素三水平L9(33)正交实验，优化毛薯多糖提取工艺。毛薯粗多糖溶液经Sveag法除蛋白、透析、DEAE-52纤维素柱和SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析分离纯化得到毛薯精多糖。采用DPPH法、羟自由基法、超氧阴离子法和还原法检测毛薯多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明：热水提取法最佳工艺条件为温度70℃、料液比1∶15、提取时间3 h，毛薯多糖提取率为1.94%；毛薯多糖经过多次分离纯化后，得到纯度均一的中性多糖；毛薯精多糖DPPH自由基清除能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的清除率保持在10%左右，且随着多糖浓度的升高，清除能力逐渐下降；毛薯精多糖羟自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐增加，在5 mg/mL时清除率最高达到34.74%；毛薯精多糖超阴氧离子自由基活性随着多糖浓度的升高，活性逐渐降低，在1 mg/mL时清除率最高达67.35%；毛薯精多糖还原能力较弱，1～5 mg/mL的还原力最高为0.17。该研究优化了毛薯多糖的提取工艺，毛薯多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性... 相似文献
3.
为了探讨滑菇胞内多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性,本研究采用热水浸提的方法,在单因素试验结果的基础上,建立以滑菇胞内多糖得率为响应值的二次回归模型。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为浸提温度84℃,浸提时间1.5 h,液固比40:1 m L/g,测得滑菇胞内多糖提取得率为(34.020 8±0.043 3)%。同时以清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、ABTS自由基及还原能力为指标,对滑菇胞内多糖的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果显示,滑菇胞内多糖具有一定的抗氧化能力。本研究对滑菇胞内多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性进行研究,旨在为后续研究滑菇胞内多糖提供试验依据,为进一步综合开发和利用提供一定的理论支持。 相似文献
4.
为研究火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取工艺及抗氧化活性。在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken设计和响应面分析方法,确定超高压提取的最优工艺,并从清除ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基能力方面来评价火龙果茎多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明,火龙果茎多糖的超高压提取的最佳工艺条件为:液固比10∶1(m L∶g)、超高压压力300 MPa、超高压时间4 min。在此工艺条件下多糖得率为(2.83±0.02)%。火龙果茎对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基具有清除作用,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率IC_(50)分别为浓度为4.3 mg/m L和5.5 mg/m L时。 相似文献
5.
6.
台湾青枣多糖抗氧化活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以热水浸提法(料水比1∶4,100℃下提取4h)从台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.)果实中提取的多糖为材料,通过清除超氧阴离子自由基(O.-2)、清除羟基自由基(.OH)能力和还原能力等来评价台湾青枣多糖的体外抗氧化能力。结果表明:台湾青枣多糖清除.OH能力和还原能力均随多糖浓度的增加而上升;10mg/mL的多糖对.OH的清除率高达98%,0.5mg/mL的多糖对O.-2的清除率为29.1%,6mg/mL多糖的还原能力在700nm下的吸光值为0.82。说明台湾青枣多糖有较强的抗氧化能力,对体外自由基有较好的清除作用。 相似文献
7.
8.
为了探明不同武夷名丛茶多糖组成和体外抗氧化活性差异,选取雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳、老君眉4个武夷名丛鲜叶为原料,通过水提醇沉淀法提取茶多糖,测定了4个品种鲜叶的茶多糖中中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚等组分含量,并比较了4个品种茶多糖清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)活性的差异。结果表明,不同武夷名丛茶树品种鲜叶提取茶多糖得率不同,胭脂柳品种得率较高,老君眉得率较低;4个武夷名丛的茶多糖在中性糖、糖醛酸、蛋白质和茶多酚含量上存在较大差异;体外抗氧化活性测定结果显示,不同武夷名丛茶多糖清除DPPH、·OH和O2-·活性具有明显差异,但对3种自由基的清除能力均呈现出剂量-效应关系;4个品种的茶多糖清除DPPH和O2-·的IC50值均高于阳性对照Vc,清除·OH的IC50值均低于阳性对照Vc,表明雀舌、瓜子金、胭脂柳和老君眉4个品种的茶多糖是良好的·OH清除剂。研... 相似文献
9.
10.
以粗茶多糖为原料,经膜分离-纤维素柱色谱法制得分级纯化茶多糖TPs-1、TPs-2和TPs-3,分析比较其清除DPPH、羟基、超氧阴离子等自由基活性变化及其总抗氧化活性表达.结果表明,以10000～20000D的茶多糖为对照,经DEAE-纤维素52吸附分离后分级茶多糖溶液清除自由基活性及总抗氧化能力呈极显著性减弱;纤维素柱色谱分级茶多糖之间来看,DPPH清除率TPs-2>TPs-3>TPs-1,抑制羟基能力TPs-2>TPs-1>TPs-3,抗超氧阴离子活力TPs-1>TPs-2>TPs-3,总抗氧化能力与还原力以TPs-2活性最强.相关性分析表明,茶多糖与总抗氧化能力呈显著正相关,与抑制羟基能力呈显著正相关,纤维素柱色谱分级茶多糖的抗氧化活性表达源于茶多糖的含量变化. 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
18.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
19.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献