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1. Dryland rivers are a focal point of life. Highly variable flows that underpin the ecology of these rivers are the antithesis of requirements for regular water for irrigation. Proposals exist to divert water for irrigation on the dryland rivers, Cooper Creek and the Paroo River in central Australia, that cross political boundaries of three Australian states (Queensland, South Australia and New South Wales). 2. Poorly-planned water resource developments on dryland rivers incur unacceptably high ecological costs. Debate about the future of Cooper Creek and the Paroo River is challenging traditional political accountabilities for management hitherto focused on land rather than water. Diversion of water for irrigation threatens high conservation values of these unregulated rivers and livelihoods of rural communities who rely on floods. The current process whereby a Government water agency in one political jurisdiction assesses and judges the merits of proposals that have ecological consequences is restrictive. We critique current mechanisms for assessment, and approval of proposals to divert water from dryland rivers in Australia. 3. An alternative is to begin with a discussion of the impacts of such proposals and ecological and social values under threat that involves a ‘collaborative’ resource management partnership between scientists, landholders and conservationists. Two scientific workshops on Cooper Creek and the Paroo River distilled such a process. This paper reviews the background to these workshops and their importance for decisions on sustainable management of dryland rivers and their floodplain wetlands. Scientific workshops involve the wider community in decision-making that is traditionally the province of water managers and developers. Transparency, independence and a catchment focus remain challenges for decision-making on the Paroo and the Cooper but the foundations were laid by the workshops. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Stephen R. Balcombe Jaye S. Lobegeiger Sharon M. Marshall Jonathan C. Marshall Diana Ly Darryl N. Jones 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(4):841-847
In fluctuating aquatic environments such as intermittent streams, fish condition is often highly variable due to the associated fluctuating levels of food resources. Having the physiological capacity to both metabolise and catabolise lipids, fish can survive through droughts and rapidly gain condition during flows and floods. Dryland rivers continuously cycle through periods of boom and bust due to their intermittent patterns of rainfall and flow. To help gain an understanding of how fish respond physiologically to varying antecedent flow conditions, we examined body condition measured by percent tissue water content of two generalist fish species in an Australian dryland river. We predicted that fish would be in better condition following recent flows and poorer condition when there had been no recent flows. Our expectations were met for both species with low water tissue content after high flows and high tissue water content after significant drying. It was also found that strong juvenile recruitment was also evident when body condition was high, indicating that when there are food resource spikes driven by flow pulses fish can utilise resources both to produce offspring and to store as lipid for future survival. 相似文献
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Darren A. Smith Henrique Corrêa Giacomini Derrick T. de Kerckhove Helen Ball Lee F. G. Gutowsky Cindy Chu 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2023,32(1):80-93
Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are an iconic freshwater salmonid native to northeastern North America. They prefer cold, clean rivers and lakes, and have been culturally, socially and economically valued for decades. Overharvest and deforestation associated with European settlement in southern Ontario, Canada led to notable declines in brook trout abundance in rivers and streams by the late 1800s. Today, they are threatened by further habitat degradation, non-native species, and climate change. In this study, we document brook trout occupancy in rivers and streams of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone in southern Ontario, between 1970–1980 and 2000–2010. We used generalised linear models to determine occupancy variation between the two time periods at five spatial scales spanning multiple watershed levels. We detected a decline in occupancy between time periods for the tertiary (from 23% to 17%) and quaternary (from 35% to 22%) watershed scales. In the Credit River-Sixteen Mile Creek watershed, mean occupancy decreased to a third of past estimate (from 31% to 10%). For a subset of 86 sites with overlapping sampling in both periods no temporal trend was detected, but a post-hoc analysis indicated low statistical power (0.07), which suggested that more intensive sampling would be needed to better quantify brook trout occupancy changes at this scale. The occupancies quantified for the past period in our study may serve as benchmarks for brook trout restoration efforts. 相似文献
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Eric W. Malone Joshuah S. Perkin William Keith Gibbs Matthew Padgett Matthew Kulp Stephen E. Moore 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2022,31(1):29-44
Understanding the ecological dimensions of drought is critical for predicting how humans and nature will be affected by the expected increased prevalence of drought in the future. We tested life-history-based predictions for fish assemblage responses to drought using retrospective analysis of long-term (1986–2003) fish surveys from two streams in the Appalachian Mountains of North America. We hypothesised that (1) fish assemblage composition would correlate with wet and dry hydrologic conditions as assemblages fluctuated within a loose equilibrium and (2) life-history traits of fishes would correlate with dry versus wet periods such that opportunistic life-history strategists would dominate during drought. Results showed fish assemblage changes in Little River and Cataloochee Creek correlated with drought severity measured one year prior to fish surveys. Fish assemblages at all three sampling sites in Little River and two sites in Cataloochee Creek fluctuated within a loose equilibrium, while the remaining two sites in Cataloochee Creek indicated directional change. Life-history traits for fishes in Cataloochee Creek correlated with one-year time lag fluctuations in drought caused by opportunistic species being dominant during drought and periodic/equilibrium species dominant during wet periods. Time series plots of fish abundances aggregated by life-history strategy revealed dominance of opportunistic species emerged at the onset of a multi-year drought spanning 1998–2004, particularly for the two sites undergoing directional change. Our work provides empirical evidence for theoretical linkages between life history and environmental fluctuations and can ultimately be used to predict stream fish community response to future drought regimes. 相似文献
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大型河流中鱼类组成的eDNA监测效率:以长江武汉江段为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨大型河流中的 eDNA 监测效率, 以长江为大型河流的代表, 以鱼类为水生生物的代表, 分析传统捕捞监测和 eDNA 监测结果的差异, 研究 eDNA 监测技术对长江武汉江段鱼类组成的监测能力、监测效率、平行样设置等问题。结果显示: (1) 用 1 对 eDNA 宏条形码引物(mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198R)共监测到 89 种鱼类, 其中 30 种可与历史捕捞调查记录互相确认, 另外 59 种需要更完善的条形码数据库来解决序列比对注释问题; (2) 9 月在武汉监测断面, 可用单引物(mlCOIintF/jgHCO2198R) eDNA 监测到的物种最优估计约 99 种, 单样品 eDNA 监测的鱼类物种检出能力约为 26 种, 检出效率约为 25.8%; (3) 在 80%的检出度目标下, 需要约 10 个平行样, 在 95%的检出度目标下, 需要约 17 个平行样。本研究在长江武汉江段鱼类 eDNA 监测效率和平行样设置的相关量化结果可为长江其他断面及其他大型河流的 eDNA 监测提供量化参考。同时, 本研究表明, 更完善的 DNA 宏条形码数据库和合适的平行样设置是未来 eDNA 监测作为常规监测手段进行运用的前提。 相似文献
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Adam J. Sepulveda David S. Rutz Sam S. Ivey Kristine J. Dunker Jackson A. Gross 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2013,22(2):268-279
Northern pike (Esox lucius) are opportunistic predators that can switch to alternative prey species after preferred prey have declined. This trophic adaptability allows invasive pike to have negative effects on aquatic food webs. In Southcentral Alaska, invasive pike are a substantial concern because they have spread to important spawning and rearing habitat for salmonids and are hypothesised to be responsible for recent salmonid declines. We described the relative importance of salmonids and other prey species to pike diets in the Deshka River and Alexander Creek in Southcentral Alaska. Salmonids were once abundant in both rivers, but they are now rare in Alexander Creek. In the Deshka River, we found that juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) dominated pike diets and that small pike consumed more of these salmonids than large pike. In Alexander Creek, pike diets reflected the distribution of spawning salmonids, which decrease with distance upstream. Although salmonids dominated pike diets in the lowest reach of the stream, Arctic lamprey (Lampetra camtschatica) and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) dominated pike diets in the middle and upper reaches. In both rivers, pike density did not influence diet and pike consumed smaller prey items than predicted by their gape‐width. Our data suggest that (1) juvenile salmonids are a dominant prey item for pike, (2) small pike are the primary consumers of juvenile salmonids and (3) pike consume other native fish species when juvenile salmonids are less abundant. Implications of this trophic adaptability are that invasive pike can continue to increase while driving multiple species to low abundance. 相似文献
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Assessing long‐term fish responses and short‐term solutions to flow regulation in a dryland river basin 
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下载免费PDF全文 Water resource development and non‐native species have been cited as primary drivers associated with the decline of native fishes in dryland rivers. To explore this topic, long‐term trends in the fish community composition of the Bill Williams River basin were studied over a 30‐year period (Arizona, USA). We sampled 31 sites throughout the basin that were included in fish surveys by Arizona Game and Fish in 1994–97 and the Bureau of Land Management in 1979–80. We found that non‐native species have proliferated throughout the entire basin, with greater densities in the lower elevations. Native species have persisted throughout most of the major river segments, but have experienced significant declines in frequency of occurrence and abundance in areas also containing high abundances of non‐native species. Next, we assessed the short‐term response of the fish assemblage to an experimental flood event from the system's only dam (i.e. Alamo Dam). In response to the flood, we observed a short‐term reduction in the abundance of non‐native species in sites close to the dam, but the fish assemblage returned to its preflood composition within 8 days of the event, with the exception of small‐bodied fish, which sustained lower postflood densities. Our findings demonstrate the importance of natural flow regime on the balance of native and non‐native species at the basin scale within dryland rivers and highlight minimal effects on non‐native fishes in response to short duration flood releases below dams. 相似文献
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Piotr Parasiewicz Elise L. King J. Angus Webb Miko&#x;aj Piniewski Claudio Comoglio Christian Wolter Anthonie D. Buijse David Bjerklie Paolo Vezza Andreas Melcher Katarzyna Suska 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2019,26(6):461-473
Floods and droughts are key driving forces shaping aquatic ecosystems. Climate change may alter key attributes of these events and consequently health and distribution of aquatic species. Improved knowledge of biological responses to different types of floods and droughts in rivers should allow the better prediction of the ecological consequences of climate change‐induced flow alterations. This review highlights that in unmodified ecosystems, the intensity and direction of biological impacts of floods and droughts vary, but the overall consequence is an increase in biological diversity and ecosystem health. To predict the impact of climate change, metrics that allow the quantitative linking of physical disturbance attributes to the directions and intensities of biological impacts are needed. The link between habitat change and the character of biological response is provided by the frequency of occurrence of the river wave characteristic—that is the event's predictability. The severity of impacts of floods is largely related to the river wave amplitude (flood magnitude), while the impact of droughts is related to river wavelength (drought duration). 相似文献
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M. RY&#;AVÁ-NOVÁKOVÁ & M. ONDRA&#;KOVÁ P. JURAJDA 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2009,16(6):468-477
Abstract Floodplain borrow pits created during dike construction for flood protection along regulated lowland rivers are suggested as convenient surrogate habitats for fish communities where natural floodplain features have been lost. Fish community structure and reproduction success in three borrow pits located in the channelised floodplain of the River Dyje, Czech Republic were studied over 3 years. Short-term floods supported the spawning of phytophilic and phyto-lithophilic species; batch spawners capitalised on late summer flood conditions. The highest species richness of 0+ juvenile fishes occurred at sites with extended periods of flooding, at least for 2 months. Flooded vegetation was inhabited mainly by juvenile cyprinids, while 0+ percids were distributed evenly along the littoral zone. Shoreline remained bare even during higher water levels before complete inundation because of the steep banks, and therefore fish were not able to benefit from higher water levels. Borrow pits appear to function as a substitute habitat for fish and their reproduction, but only if they are properly constructed with shallow areas providing appropriate nursing conditions for 0+ fish growth and survival. 相似文献
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Jerom R. Stocks Sam Davis Marti J. Anderson Martin W. Asmus Katherine J.M. Cheshire Dylan E. van der Meulen Chris T. Walsh Dean M. Gilligan 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(11):3228-3247
- Fish assemblages in dryland rivers have life-history strategies that have evolved in response to environmental conditions and triggers, particularly water temperatures and flow regimes. The regulation of rivers through the construction of dams, weirs and other water diversion structures has altered natural flow regimes and the associated ecological processes of river systems worldwide.
- Over a 3-year period, using standardized fish sampling and daily otolith ageing, the recruitment of eight freshwater fish species was monitored in response to various abiotic drivers, including hydrology and water temperatures, throughout the Macquarie River, a large regulated river system of the Australian Murray-Darling Basin.
- A data-driven statistical classification system is provided that groups species into reproductive guilds, based on their recruitment response to hydrology and water temperature, specifically designed for use in environmental flow management.
- The eight species were grouped into three distinct reproductive guilds that showed similar recruitment responses to the abiotic drivers. Murray-Darling rainbowfish, Murray cod, and eel-tailed catfish were considered as a single guild, characterized by seasonal recruitment during a relatively narrow thermal window under low to moderate stable discharges. The second group included common carp, bony herring, and golden perch, which recruited primarily in association with larger flow events. Un-specked hardyhead and Australian smelt formed a more differentiated guild, recruiting over a broad range of temperatures and discharges. Limitations associated with using a reproductive guild approach to simplify water management are discussed.
- This study highlighted important relationships among hydrology, water temperatures, and successful recruitment that can, in turn, be used to inform development of adaptive flow management plans and effective use of environmental water for the conservation management of native fish communities. Important considerations in the design of studies that aim to examine relationships between recruitment and abiotic drivers are also discussed.
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Abstract— We quantified microhabitat use by members of a southern Appalachian stream fish assemblage over a ten-year period that included both floods and droughts. Our study site (37 m in length) encompassed riffle, run and pool habitats. Previous research indicated that species belonged to either benthic or water-column microhabitat guilds. Most species exhibited non-random microhabitat use in all seasons, and benthic and water column species generally were over-represented in the deeper portions of the site. In addition, water column species generally were over-represented in microhabitats with lower average velocities. The majority of seasonal shifts in microhabitat use were passive (i. e. correlated with changes in microhabitat availability), whereas, most shifts associated with hydrological periods appeared to be active responses to changing environmental conditions. Most species exhibited length-related shifts in microhabitat use, which were strongly affected by hydrologic period for four of ten species. Microhabitat use patterns of assemblage members appeared to be a consequence of species-specific responses to changing environmental conditions. The highly flexible patterns of microhabitat use exhibited by these species necessitate that decisions regarding their management be based on data covering a range of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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1. Six major river systems flow west to east across the Kruger National Park (South Africa). All arise outside the western boundary of the KNP, and are outside the jurisdiction of the Park authorities. 2. Growing human populations to the west of the Park are placing increasing demands on the water resources of these rivers, and a variety of artificial changes threaten the ecological integrity of the rivers. 3. As a result, the Luvuvhu and Letaba Rivers to the north no longer have a perennial flow, while the flow of the Crocodile River on the southern boundary of the Park has been regulated to a more constant regime due to irrigation demands. The Letaba, Olifants, and Crocodile Rivers all receive diverse pollutants. The Sabie River, at present the least disturbed system, and biologically the most diverse in South Africa, is threatened with multiple regulation within the next five years. 4. The paper describes the development of initial protocols for the assessment of instream flow needs for the Luvuvhu and Sabie Rivers. These methods require an extension of existing methods developed in the USA to ensure the maintenance of ecological processes, rather than the maintenance of single target species. 5. Two methods are described: one that identifies the consumptive and non-consumptive water requirements of the rivers, adding all consumptive to the limiting non-consumptive quantity to give a base-flow requirement. 6. A second method uses a conservation status model to assess the ecological consequences of flow reductions generated through a hydrological model, in response to different impoundment conditions. 7. Both methods are successful in appropriate circumstances, but we conclude that the proposed impoundment and agricultural development of the Sabie River, in particular, is an inappropriate use of this unique resource, and that the catchment would be more advantageously developed for tourism, recreation, and nature conservation. 相似文献
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Patsy Alldredge Melissa Gutierrez David Duvernell Jacob Schaefer Paul Brunkow Wilfredo Matamoros 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(4):513-521
Abstract – Movement and dispersal patterns are key biological processes across a range of organisational levels. The Fundulus notatus species complex includes several species with similar ecological niches that exhibit broadly overlapping ranges. We conducted a mark–recapture study on two of the most widely distributed members of this species complex to improve our understanding of their movement and habitat use. A population of F. notatus was studied between June and August of 2008 and 2009 in Cahokia Creek, a small tributary of the Mississippi River in Illinois, along with a parallel study of Fundulus olivaceus between May and July of 2009 in Big Creek, a tributary of the Pascagoula River in Mississippi. Fish were recaptured approximately weekly, and habitat variables were measured. Estimated daily movement rates varied significantly both between locations and between years. Fundulus olivaceus in Big Creek moved <1 m per day, while F. notatus in Cahokia Creek in 2009 moved nearly 23 m per day. The distribution of movements was strongly leptokurtic in all three data sets. Differences in movement rates were attributed to significant differences in population size and habitat characteristics. Our data did not support the hypothesis that populations consist of distinct mobile and resident components. Instead, individual fish went through periods of little or no movement followed by extensive movement (consistent with the home range shift model of fish movement). We discuss the implications these results have for contact zone dynamics between these two species. 相似文献
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Spatial and temporal patterns in fish community structure and abundance in the largest U.S. river swamp,the Atchafalaya River floodplain,Louisiana 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Long‐term monitoring is critical for documenting population and community trends and for management, especially in large river‐floodplain ecosystems that provide important services. Levees have reduced active floodplains in most large rivers, but connectivity in some reaches could promote community resilience. Using multivariate tools and regression, we examined spatial and temporal structure in fish community samples from two decades (>1000 samples, >100 sites) in one of the largest relatively intact river‐floodplain ecosystems in North America – the Atchafalaya River (ARB), Louisiana. Assemblages exhibited significant structure temporally and spatially, with most substantial effects of year and hydrologic subdivisions; however, season and water level also influenced community structure. Temporal trends in communities were limited to few areas, while declines in species richness were more widespread; however, rarefied richness trends suggested that declines were slight. Recent and long‐term declines in abundance of economically important species (e.g., Black Crappie, Largemouth Bass, Bigmouth Buffalo) and increases in others (e.g., Smallmouth Buffalo, Blue Catfish, Freshwater Drum) drove differences among time periods. Our results suggest that the hydrologic subdivisions of the ARB may be an appropriate scale at which to manage fish populations, hydrology and water quality. Although we could not account for several important factors affecting fish communities in the ARB (e.g., hurricanes, major floods), and were limited by sampling variability, our findings highlight the utility of long‐term datasets from large river‐floodplain ecosystems for identifying important scales for management, determining species contributions to community change and forming hypotheses about anthropogenic and environmental drivers of variation in fish communities. 相似文献
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1. The possible impacts of abstraction of water from streams and rivers in the UK have generated concern in conservation bodies. 2. This paper examines the feasibility of using biotic scores and predictions from the computer-based RIVPACS system to assess the effects of abstractions on benthic fauna. 3. Control and ‘impacted’ sites on 22 rivers which experienced abstractions for hydroelectric power generation, supply of drinking water (either directly or through groundwater abstraction), spray irrigation and fish farming, were examined. 4. The ratios of observed to predicted biotic scores and comparison of observed fauna with that predicted by RIVPACS were used to assess the biological quality of the sites. 5. Only 11 of the 51 sites on the 22 rivers showed signs of reduced environmental quality. These included eight sites on a small lowland stream which receives run-off from fertilized agricultural land and is subject to spray irrigation; two sites on upland streams which had experienced severe spates prior to our survey and a small chalk stream, the Pang. 6. Discharge, baseflow, substrate and altitude were factors which explained most of the variation in faunal parameters such as biotic score, numbers of species, numbers of families and total abundance. 7. The main conclusions of the study are that upland streams did not appear to suffer adverse effects as a result of abstraction whereas lowland streams appeared to be more degraded, but with the exception of the Pang this could not necessarily be attributed to abstraction. 8. Biotic scores with RIVPACS cannot be used to set ‘minimum ecological flows’ but can be used either directly, to assess site-quality and to identify areas of concern which may or may not be related to abstraction; or indirectly, by reference to the RIVPACS data-base to assess the conservation interest of invertebrate assemblages. 相似文献
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《水生生物资源》1999,12(6):363-378
Onchocerciasis is a widespread disease in intertropical Africa, which, ultimately, causes irreversible blindness. The disease is transmitted by a small blackfly, Simulium damnosum (Diptera), which has aquatic larval and pupal stages. The breeding sites of the blackflies are riffles. These river reaches are the targets of the control campaign of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP). An aquatic monitoring network covering the totality of the area exposed to the insecticide was set up to evaluate environmental impact. In this paper, we present results from the OCP 20-year period of monitoring of the ichthyofauna regularly exposed to larvicides. We do not record any measurable effects of pesticides on the CPUE, abundance of species, trophic structure, community structure or fish health. However, we detect the emergence of a number of medium-term tendencies. These tendencies may relate to climatic conditions that have a consequent effect on hydrology. Thus, we note a constant decrease in the CPUE from the beginning of the monitoring until 1995. The rivers were treated during that time until 1990 or 1993, depending on the station. But even after the treatments ended, the number of catches continued to decrease. As a result, we consider other factors to be the cause of that decline. The average level of annual discharges in this region has been decreasing regularly from the beginning of the 1970s. The production of fish fluctuates in all the rivers according to the flood rate. Important floods inundate larger areas, making greater quantities of food available, and thus improving the conditions for reproduction. The determining factor of the ichthyological stock abundance seems to depend both on the extent and the duration of the flood. In our catches, the observed effect was not immediately evident but appeared a few years later as a cumulative effect of poor hydrological conditions. An increase in the CPUE since 1996 has been related to improved hydrological conditions. In these last few years, we have observed an intensification of the basic flow leading to a ground water renewal. Furthermore, on three of the stations investigated, it appeared that the impediment of rivers (dams) could induce different and/or antagonistic effects. In some cases, we have observed that in spite of unfavourable hydrological conditions, certain species appear to be favoured by the presence of the dam. But, the damming of the river has a negative effect on other species, particularly on the coefficient of condition of migratory fishes. The impact of these factors is enhanced by the fact they exist conjointly. 相似文献