共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
GRAHAM ER 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1959,129(3358):1276-1277
Subjected to weathering by electrodialysis, fallout pellets collected after a nuclear explosion from the area near ground zero released trace amounts of their total beta activity. Airborne fallout collected 612 miles from the test site released 51.8 percent of its Sr(90) activity. Aircraft-collected fallout released 40.5 percent of its Sr(90) activity when collected from a tower shot and 86 percent when collected from a balloon shot. 相似文献
2.
O. S. Korotkevich V. L. Petukhov O. I. Sebezhko Ye. Ya. Barinov T. V. Konovalova 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2014,40(3):195-197
The results of the monitoring of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation in the different types of vegetable forages of Western Siberia were presented. The average values of the radionuclides accumulation were revealed. The correlation between the levels of the radionuclides in various forages was found. The variability parts (r w ) in the accumulation of 137Cs and 90Sr caused by an influence of both the type of forage in various oblasts and environment factors in forages were determined. 相似文献
3.
灌浆期低温对离体培养玉米强弱势粒发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】通过对玉米灌浆过程中籽粒干物质、淀粉的积累,籽粒内源激素含量及淀粉积累相关酶活性的研究,揭示低温对灌浆过程中玉米强、弱势籽粒灌浆生理过程的影响规律,为生产上抗御低温冷害提供理论参考。【方法】选用郑单958为试验品种,采用玉米籽粒离体培养的方式,将大田人工授粉后3 d的玉米果穗按照弱势粒和强势粒进行取样,无菌环境接种到人工培养基培养,低温处理和对照分别设置培养平均温度为16℃及25℃。自授粉后每10 d取样一次,分别测定灌浆过程中玉米强、弱势粒干物质积累量、内源激素、籽粒淀粉含量及淀粉积累相关酶活性。【结果】低温胁迫下强、弱势粒灌浆后期粒重分别比对照低47.58%、50.95%,强、弱势粒灌浆高峰期的平均灌浆速率较对照分别显著降低55.39%、54.72%。低温胁迫下玉米籽粒灌浆速率前期提升和后期减小的速度明显减缓,活跃灌浆时间延长5-7 d。授粉后10 d低温处理显著降低玉米强、弱势粒生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZR）和脱落酸（ABA）含量,显著提高玉米籽粒赤霉素（GA3）的含量。授粉后30 d低温处理显著降低了弱势粒的IAA、ZR含量,增加了强势粒的ABA含量。低温胁迫显著减弱了灌浆前期和灌浆中期的可溶性酸性转化酶（SAI）、蔗糖合酶（SS）、淀粉合酶（SSS）及ADPG焦磷酸化酶（APGase）的活性,低温下弱势粒SAI活性降幅大于强势粒,对SS、SSS及APGase活性的降低幅度表现为强势粒大于弱势粒,导致玉米籽粒淀粉含量降低。【结论】受低温胁迫影响,灌浆前期玉米籽粒的IAA、ZR、ABA含量减少,GA3含量增加,SAI活性降低,导致籽粒库容量减少,库活性不足。在灌浆中期,低温降低SS活性,造成淀粉合成底物供应不足,影响淀粉的合成,降低籽粒淀粉含量。低温处理降低玉米强、弱势粒的灌浆速率,导致籽粒干物质积累减少。低温对玉米强弱、势粒的灌浆过程都造成较大的影响,且对弱势粒的影响大于强势粒。 相似文献
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本文报道了受赤霉病菌轻度与中度侵染的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量与组分的变化。研究结果表明，轻度与中度侵染麦粒的总蛋白质含量，盐溶性蛋白及谷蛋白组分的含量均低于相应的正常麦粒；但谷蛋白含量比盐溶性蛋白含量降低更显著，麦谷蛋白亚基的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱亦发生了显著变化，中度侵染籽粒的麦谷蛋白亚基发生了程度不同的缺失。 相似文献
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硒元素是一种动物和人类生长发育必须的矿质营养元素，硒元素的缺乏是一种世界性的营养问题。为评价玉米叶面喷施硒元素改善人体营养状况的技术潜力，本研究通过两个生长季的田间试验，探究了雨养条件下，在玉米灌浆期叶片喷施不同浓度亚硒酸钠溶液对玉米籽粒产量、硒含量、硒积累量、硒利用率以及其他养分状况的影响。结果表明，叶面喷施亚硒酸钠溶液对玉米产量无显著影响，能够显著提高玉米籽粒的硒含量和硒积累量，且随着喷施浓度的不断升高而升高，但对玉米产量以及籽粒铁、锰、铜、锌这四种矿质元素含量无影响。同时两年之间，硒含量和硒积累量差异较大，说明环境因素对玉米籽粒吸收利用外源硒肥具有较大的影响。综上，叶面喷施亚硒酸钠溶液是改善玉米籽粒硒元素营养状况的重要手段。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选适合污染区生长的超积累植物。[方法]采用野外采样法,以国内某核设施退役厂放射性污染区域为研究对象,测定了该区优势植物(共9科17种)和土壤中的~(137)Cs、~(90)Sr放射性含量,并进行了筛选与田间修复试验。[结果]污染区土壤~(137)Cs和~(90)Sr放射性含量的最大值分别为5.06×10~6和3.29×10~4Bq/kg,均超过国际规定活度限值;菊科串叶草对~(137)Cs的富集和转移系数均小于1.00,而对~(90)Sr的富集和转移系数分别是3.25和2.95,均大于1.00;串叶草具备~(90)Sr超积累植物特征且能修复土壤中5.9%的~(90)Sr,可推荐串叶草对~(90)Sr的污染土壤进行修复处理。[结论]首次发现并证实菊科串叶草是一种~(90)Sr超积累植物,为开展污染区域修复治理工作提供参考。 相似文献
7.
An increasing trend of Sr(90) concentration in rain observed at Fayetteville, Ark., after November 1959, indicates that the seasonal and global movements of stratospheric air masses, such as described by Brewer (I) and Dobson (2), play an important role in causing the spring peaks of the Sr(90) fallout. 相似文献
8.
Varying the calcium, phosphorus, carbonate, and lactate content of the diet was shown to affect the deposition in bone of Sr(89) to a degree quite different from concurrent effects on Ca(45) deposition. The influence of these findings on the evaluation of the Sr(90) fallout hazard is discussed. 相似文献
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10.
为明确垩白籽粒灌浆特性与稻米加工品质的关系及氮素穗肥调控效应，以高垩白水稻OM052为材料，设置追施氮素穗肥和不追肥处理，分析其物质生产、灌浆动态特征、加工品质及其对氮素穗肥的响应。结果表明：追施氮素穗肥显著增加了抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累量，提高了籽粒灌浆的起始生长势，灌浆启动提早、平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率增加，最大灌浆速率出现时间提前0.95 d，但活跃灌浆期缩短0.69 d。未追施氮素穗肥处理的籽粒灌浆启动滞后，灌浆速率小，且在达到最大灌浆速率后下降平缓而灌浆时间延长。追施氮素穗肥条件下稻米的糙米率、精米率和整精米率显著提高1.46%、2.52%和3.57%，加工品质得以改善。抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累及平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率分别与加工品质呈显著或极显著正相关，达到最大灌浆速率时间和活跃灌浆期与加工品质呈显著负相关。在保障抽穗至成熟期光合物质生产的基础上，协同优化籽粒灌浆特征参数有利于改善稻米的加工品质。 相似文献
11.
施用粪肥和沼液对设施菜田土壤磷素累积与迁移的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
针对有机蔬菜生产普遍施用粪肥和沼液的现状,利用多年田间定位试验,研究基施不同数量粪肥(CM1:30 t·hm-2;CM2:60t·hm-2;CM3:90 t·hm-2)和追施相同量沼液对有机设施蔬菜产量、土壤磷素累积及其移动性的影响。结果表明,2011—2014年不施粪肥单施沼液处理中(CK:0 t·hm-2粪肥)累积磷素盈余量为290 kg P·hm-2,0~30 cm土层土壤中Olsen-P和磷饱和度(DPS)均超过了磷素淋失的环境阈值。粪肥配施沼液处理显著增加了磷素盈余和磷素在土壤中的累积,试验期间2011—2014年累积磷素盈余量为不施粪肥单施沼液处理的6~22倍。随着粪肥施用量的增加,土壤全磷、Olsen-P、Ca Cl2-P、Mehlich3-P和DPS均迅速增加,当粪肥用量达到60 t·hm-2时,显著增加了0~60 cm土层土壤全磷、Olsen-P、Ca Cl2-P、Mehlich3-P含量和DPS,大量粪肥施用并配施沼液处理使表层土壤DPS接近或达到100%。有机蔬菜生产中盲目大量施用粪肥和沼液,显著增加了土壤磷素累积和淋失风险,4年连续每茬90 t·hm-2粪肥施用并配施沼液处理导致磷素在土壤剖面的迁移到达90 cm土层。与不施粪肥单施沼液处理相比,粪肥配施沼液显著提高了作物产量,但是较多量粪肥投入并没有继续增加作物产量,而显著增加了磷素淋失风险。因此,在有机蔬菜生产中推荐施用不超过30 t·hm-2粪肥并配施沼液模式。 相似文献
12.
Menzel RG 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1960,131(3399):499-500
Only a small portion of the strontium-90 that fell on cultivated soils was removed in runoff. The concentration of strontium-90 was usually about 10 times higher in the soil carried by the runoff than in the soil from the plow layer of the plots. Thus, a considerable concentration of Sr(90) could occur in areas where runoff sediments accumulate. 相似文献
13.
YunPeng HOU LiLi KONG HongGuang CAI HuiTao LIU YuShan GAO YongJun WANG LiChun WANG 《中国农业科学》2019,52(20):3559-3572
【Objective】 Aiming at the accumulation dynamics and translocation and distribution characteristics of dry matter and nutrient of maize population among different cultivation modes under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions in semi-arid region of Northeastern China, this research provided the theoretical basis on high-yielding cultivation technique of spring maize under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions in the area.【Method】 The location experiment was conducted in Qian'an county in the western semi-arid region of Jilin province from 2014 to 2016 with three cultivation modes, including farmers' practice cultivation (FP), high-yielding cultivation (HY) and super high-yielding cultivation (SHY) under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions. Nonghua101 was chosen as experimental material. The characteristics of accumulation, translocation and distribution of dry matter and nutrient of maize population and the yield construction were studied among different cultivation modes under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions. 【Result】 The maize yield under HY and SHY modes were significantly higher than that under FP mode, with the average increment by 16.0% and 37.4%, respectively. The spike kernels and 100-kernels weight of HY and SHY modes were decreased than that of FP mode, but the spike numbers per unit area were significantly increased. Compared with FP mode, dry matter and N, P and K accumulations of maize population were significantly increased under HY and SHY modes from flowering stage to maturing stage, and the accumulation proportion of dry matter and N, P and K accumulations were increased in total growth period after flowering stage (the accumulation proportion of dry matter and N, P and K accumulations in total growth period after flowering stage were increased by 8.0%, 23.3%, 10.0%, 33.9% and 13.8%, 42.6%, 21.6%, 44.6%, respectively). Logistic equation analysis showed that the maximum and average increase rates of HY and SHY modes were 6.9%, 4.2% and 23.8%, 10.9% higher than that under FP mode, respectively, and the occurrence time of maximum rate was later. Compare with FP mode, HY and SHY modes reduced significantly nutrient translocation rate and contribution rate of translocation nutrients to kernels before flowering stage, and improved significantly contribution rate of accumulation nutrients to kernels after flowering stage of spring maize. Correlation analysis showed that the grain yield was significant or extremely significant correlated positively (r=0.7513-0.9840) with the dry matter and N, P and K accumulations around flowering stage of maize population, and the correlation coefficients after flowering stage were higher than them before flowering stage. 【Conclusion】 Compared with FP mode, HY and SHY modes improved the maximum and average increase rates of the dry matter in maize population, and postponed the occurrence time of the maximum increase rate of the dry matter. HY and SHY modes increased the dry matter and nutrient accumulations from flowering stage to maturing stage of maize, and enhanced significantly the contribution rate of accumulation nutrients to kernels after flowering stage. Therefore, the managing measures of increasing the planting density, controlling the total amount of N, P and K fertilizers and regulating fertilizer application during different stages could ensure the demand of N, P and K in the whole growth period of maize. This article provided an advantageous way for further promoting maize yield under drip irrigation and fertilization conditions in the semi-arid region of Northeastern China. 相似文献
14.
东北半干旱区滴灌施肥条件下高产玉米干物质与 养分的积累分配特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】 研究东北半干旱区滴灌施肥条件下,不同栽培模式的玉米群体干物质和养分积累动态变化与转运分配特征,为区域春玉米滴灌施肥高产栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】 2014—2016年,在吉林省西部半干旱区乾安县进行定位试验,以农华101为材料,在滴灌施肥条件下,分别设置农民栽培（FP)、高产栽培（HY）和超高产栽培（SHY）3种栽培模式。研究了滴灌施肥条件下,不同栽培模式对群体干物质和养分积累动态、转运与分配特征以及产量构成特性的影响。【结果】 与FP模式相比,HY和SHY模式玉米产量显著增加,平均增幅分别为16.0%和37.4%;穗粒数和百粒重低于FP模式,但单位面积穗数显著高于FP模式。HY和SHY模式较FP模式显著提高了玉米开花期至成熟期的群体干物质和氮、磷、钾积累量,并提高了开花后干物质和氮、磷、钾积累量占总生育期积累量的比例（花后干物质和氮、磷、钾积累量占总生育期积累量比例分别提高 8.0%、23.3%、10.0%、33.9%和13.8%、42.6%、21.6%、44.6%）。Logistic方程解析表明,HY和SHY模式群体干物质最大增长速率和平均增长速率均高于FP模式（干物质最大增长速率和平均增长速率分别提高6.9%、4.2% 和23.8%、10.9%）;且最大速率出现时间晚于FP模式。与FP模式相比,HY和SHY模式显著降低了玉米开花前养分转运率和转运养分对籽粒的贡献率,显著提高了开花后积累养分对籽粒的贡献率。相关分析结果表明,玉米开花前后干物质和氮、磷、钾素积累量与籽粒产量均呈显著或极显著正相关(r=0.7513—0.9840),其中开花后群体干物质和氮、磷、钾积累量与产量的相关性高于开花前。【结论】 与农户栽培模式相比,高产和超高产栽培模式在提高群体干物质最大增长速率和平均增长速率的同时,推迟了群体干物质最大增长速率出现时间,进而使玉米开花期至成熟期有较高的干物质与养分积累,同时显著提高了玉米开花后积累养分对籽粒贡献率。因此,在东北半干旱区滴灌施肥条件下,通过增加种植密度,利用氮磷钾肥料总量控制、分期调控等管理措施,保证玉米整个生育期对氮、磷、钾养分的需求,是实现玉米产量进一步提高的重要途径。 相似文献
15.
制粉新工艺的小麦细胞学观察和面粉品质的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用扫描电镜检验“分层碾磨系统”制粉新工艺生产出来的碾皮小麦,从照片可以看到麦粒表面布满蜂窝状糊粉层细胞,容易磨入面粉。采用布勒自动磨粉机和刷麸机进行研磨试验,新工艺生产的特制粉和粗粒优质二号粉的出粉率,分别比传统工艺生产的同级面粉提高0.12%和3.91%。对糊粉层内含量最丰富的营养成分进行分析,其中矿物质含量分别增加6.15%和11.0%;烟酸含量增加5倍多和48.2%;核黄素含量增加25%和60%。拉力仪测定,新工艺面团的阻力、廷伸度和能量（面积）均有显著改善。蒸出馒头的韧性、弹性增强、外观优良。结果表明,新工艺更适于加工粗粒优质面粉。 相似文献
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【目的】探究超声耦合不同pH柠檬酸溶液脱苦对苦杏仁颜色等品质特性的影响;利用相关性分析明确各指标间的关系,以简化脱苦酸溶液对苦杏仁品质的评价指标;运用多元数据处理对不同酸度脱苦溶液进行分类,为科学合理选择脱苦溶液从而减少苦杏仁营养及感官品质损失提供理论依据。【方法】以苦杏仁为研究对象,首先利用高效液相色谱仪、分光光度计、质构仪等仪器对苦杏仁的质构、β-葡萄糖苷酶活性、苦杏仁苷和水分含量等进行测定,并评定脱苦后杏仁的感官特性。同时,测定脱苦溶液中总酚、蛋白质、还原糖、可溶性固形物的含量,并采用单因素方差分析、相关性分析对测定结果进行显著性和相关性分析。利用主成分分析（PCA）、聚类分析（CA）等多元数据处理方法,对6种不同酸度脱苦液中相关数据进行综合分析。【结果】与未脱苦杏仁相比,6种不同酸度脱苦溶液处理后,脱苦杏仁的颜色、硬度、脆性、咀嚼性、回复性、胶着性及感官评价结果均存在显著差异,且脱苦杏仁中水分含量增多,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性变化显著。当脱苦柠檬酸溶液pH为5时,苦杏仁脱苦所需时间最短,仅需90 min,且苦杏仁中各营养物质损失较少、口感也较好。通过相关性分析可知,各指标间具有一定的相关性。PCA、CA的分析结果一致,即二者均可将6种脱苦溶液分为3大类,且同一大类中各脱苦溶液之间的相关理化指标差异不显著。【结论】综合分析,pH为5的柠檬酸溶液可以作为超声快速脱除苦杏仁苦味的较优脱苦溶液,这样既可以加速苦杏仁脱苦,又能减少苦杏仁中营养物质的流失,最大程度保持苦杏仁固有的口感特性,可为苦杏仁的产业化快速脱苦提供有力支撑。 相似文献
17.
[目的]探索谷氨酸发酵废液农业利用问题。[方法]采用盆栽试验,研究了谷氨酸发酵废液处理对水稻产量构成因素与养分吸收和分配的影响。[结果]与常规单施无机肥F处理相比,等氮量全部施用谷氨酸发酵废液处理M,可增加分蘖数,但穗粒数少,每株中养分积累量氮素、钾素较低,磷素积累量较高。减氮量配施谷氨酸发酵废液FM_2处理,可提高穗粒数,但分蘖数较少,某些器官中氮磷含量并未随氮肥用量的减少而降低。等氮量配施谷氨酸发酵废液FM_1处理,提高分蘖数和穗粒数,对提高水稻产量效果显著,各器官氮磷含量和积累量均高于F处理。[结论]谷氨酸发酵废液处理可提高水稻产量,促进养分向各器官转移,尤其是向籽粒转移,以等氮量配施谷氨酸发酵废液FM_1处理效果最显著,但需提高钾肥用量。 相似文献
18.
【Objective】 In this paper, the effects of different pH values coupled with ultrasound irradiation on the color, texture and some physicochemical properties of the apricot kernels during debitterizing were investigated. Correlation analysis of all measured variables was conducted to simplify the evaluating indicators of the quality of debitterizing apricot kernels with different solvents. In addition, multivariate data analysis was applied to categorize the debitterizing solvents and provide the theoretical base for the selection of debitterizing solvents in the debitterizing processing of apricot kernels. 【Method】 Determinations of the amygdalin, water content and beta-glucosidase activity of the apricot kernels, and the contents of total phenols, proteins, reducing sugars and soluble solids in the debitterizing solutions were conducted by the high performance liquid chromatography, spectrophotometer and abbe refractometer, etc, respectively. In addition, the texture and organoleptic properties of the debitterized apricot kernels were also investigated by the texture analyzer and sensory evaluation test, respectively. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to classify the six kinds of debitterizing solvents. 【Result】 Compared with the untreated sample, the color, hardness, fracturability, chewiness, resilience, gumminess and sensory evaluation of the debitterized apricot kernels were significantly different after being debitterized by the six kinds of debitterizing solvents. In the meantime, the moisture content and the activity of beta-glucosidase of the apricot kernels increased significantly. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical indicators, the debitterizing time was the shortest (only 90 min), and the loss of the nutrients in the apricot kernels was less than the other treated samples, when the pH of the debitterizing solution was at the value of 5. Correlation analysis showed a certain correlation among the indicators. The results of PCA and CA provided the same classification, and the six kinds of debitterizing solvents could be classified into three categories. Moreover, the effects of the different solutions on the apricot kernels in the same category were not significant. 【Conclusion】 The citric acid solution with a pH of 5 could be used as the optimal solution to remove the bitterness of apricot kernels, which not only accelerated the bitterness of apricot kernels, but also reduced the loss of nutrients of apricot kernels. All these results could provide the support for the industrial rapid debitterizing of apricot kernels. 相似文献
19.
In order to understand molecular basis of cross-fertilized kernel advantage and heterosis, improved differential display of mRNA was used in this study to analyze alterations in gene expression between cross-fertilized and self-fertilized kernels at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days after pollination (DAP) by using 3 wheat hybrids with different level of heterosis. Four patterns of differential expression were observed: (i) bands observed in cross-fertilized kernels but not in self-fertilized kernels (BCnS); (ii) bands occurring in only self-fertilized kernels but not in cross-fertilized kernels (BSnC); (iii) cDNA over-expressed in cross-fertilized kernels compared to self-fertilized kernels (OEC);(iv) cDNA under-expressed in cross-fertilized kernels compared to self-fertilized kernels (UEC). Further analysis showed that BCnS is positively correlated with heterosis, but BSnC is negatively correlated with heterosis. Four differentially expressed cDNA fragments were verified by reverse-northern blot and sequence homology search in GenBank showed that one of them was new sequences; the other exhibited higher similarity to NBS-LRR type resistance protein, 1;6-bisphosphatase and photosystem Ⅱ chlorophyll a-binding protein psbB, respectively, which indicated diverse pathways may be involved in heterosis formation. 相似文献
20.
施氮对不同基因型冬小麦氮素吸收及干物质分配和产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以8个基因型NR9405、9430、偃师9号、小偃6号、陕229、西农2208、矮丰3号、商188为供试材料进行田间试验,研究了不同施氮肥量(0、90N kg/hm2)对冬小麦氮素吸收、干物质分配与产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:虽然小麦叶片、茎鞘、穗轴 颖壳及籽粒含氮量、氮收获指数及叶片、茎鞘、籽粒干物质分配率在不同基因型间存在显著差异,但是它们并没有显著受到施氮的影响。氮总吸收量、籽粒产量及产量构成因素的单位面积穗数、单株分蘖数、每穗粒数、单位面积粒数、千粒重、每穗粒重在不同基因型之间存在显著差异。施氮增产的主要原因是增加了单位面积株数、单位面积穗数、单株分蘖数、单位面积粒数及单位面积粒重。施氮增加小麦的干物质累积量的同时也增加了氮总吸收量,但并没有显著地增加籽粒氮含量。 相似文献