共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2003,44(3):305-324
Abstract: This article examines socio‐economic inequality in Fiji and finds that, contrary to oft‐repeated claims, inequality between Fiji"s major ethnic groups (inter‐ethnic inequality) is less significant than inequality within each ethnic group (intra‐ethnic inequality). In spite of this reality, inter‐group inequality and affirmative action policies have remained central features of state policy in Fiji. This article suggests that Fiji's experience has three implications for the growing literature on the relationship between inequality and conflict. First, examining average inequality between groups can be misleading. Secondly, a key to understanding the relationship between ethnic and economic cleavages in post‐colonial plural societies, such as Fiji, is in the interaction between intra‐group and inter‐group inequality. Thirdly, there does not seem to be a straightforward relationship between actual levels of inequality, perceptions of inequality, and the prominence given to inequality in ethno‐nationalist discourse. In Fiji's case, the strategic deployment of inter‐group inequality has served, and continues to serve, the material and discursive interests of some political elites. As a result, the intersection between ethnicity, inequality and political rivalry in contemporary Fiji has been the source of much conflict and, importantly, may offer a nexus on which attempts at conflict resolution should focus. 相似文献
2.
Utilizing Chinese data for the years of 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2008, this research traces the growth of the creative economy and the enlarging income inequality in China's urban economy. While the creative sector now makes up close to 30 percent of China's urban private employment, industry‐based earnings disparity has also increased substantively. Provinces with larger creative economy also tend to have higher level of wage inequality among workers of the creative sector, the working sector, and the service sector. Several other factors, especially internal migration flow, size of manufacturing, and ownership structure in local economy, are found to be significantly linked to inequality as well. 相似文献
3.
以蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)为材料,利用pH荧光探针SNARF-1-AM和激光共聚焦显微镜研究外源一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)对表皮条保卫细胞胞质pH变化以及pH对NO诱导气孔关闭的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,100 μmol L–1 NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside, SNP)可显著增加保卫细胞胞质pH (从6.91升高到7.19,增加约0.28个单位),并诱导气孔关闭。NO清除剂c-PTIO和弱酸丁酸均能显著抑制SNP诱导的保卫细胞胞质碱化和气孔关闭,而弱碱苄胺则促进NO诱导的胞质碱化和气孔关闭,另外,不产生NO的SNP结构类似物Fe(II)CN和Fe(III)CN不能诱导保卫细胞胞质碱化和气孔关闭,说明保卫细胞胞质碱化介导了外源NO诱导的气孔关闭。未发现NO诱导保卫细胞胞质碱化过程中液泡和细胞壁的pH发生显著变化,说明该过程中,胞质的质子可能主要不是进入液泡或细胞壁。 相似文献
4.
研究了小麦露天储存有害生物的发生规律及综合防治技术，摸清了小麦露天储存有害生物的发生规律，研究了小麦露天安全储存综合防治技术，筛选出安全合理的露天安全储备措施，保持品质，延缓陈化．经储藏一年的实验证明：在环境清洁卫生防治基础上，磷化铝与氯化苦混合熏蒸，用PVC苫盖可保持303天无虫，用油布苫盖可保持257天无虫；应用凯马灵或防虫磷全堆拌和均保持212天无虫；凯马灵拌和与磷化铝常规熏蒸或磷化铝低剂量熏蒸均可保持196天无虫；磷化铝与CO2混合熏蒸可保持197天无虫。由于应用了上过综合防治技术和货台防鼠、防潮、防霉．从而保证了小麦的储存安全，延缓了小麦品质陈化．用防护剂全堆或表层拌和与磷化铝熏蒸也可用于小麦种子的储存。 相似文献
5.
Jonathan R. Barton 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2006,47(3):366-380
Abstract: Chile and New Zealand both depend on their natural resource bases for their exports. This situation characterises the historical condition of the resource periphery. Despite similar processes of globalisation in their fisheries sectors since the 1970s, the ways in which public and private policies and management strategies have been brought to bear on sustaining the resource base differ considerably. In light of the strategic economic agreement between the two countries (and Singapore and Brunei) signed in 2005, these contrasts reveal that multiple options exist for countries in the resource periphery to enhance their national development by working with comparative advantages alongside competitive advantages introduced into the sector. Chile’s explosive growth in aquaculture and its low levels of public and private concern for more sustainable fisheries is contrasted with New Zealand’s more sustainable approach to natural resource management through a range of instruments and commitments. The principal conclusion is that resource periphery producers should capitalise on their natural assets, but only within the context of a sustainable strategy that promotes and enforces responsibility. The current crisis in global capture fisheries is both an opportunity and a warning in this regard. 相似文献
6.
J. C. Dorst 《Euphytica》1954,3(3):212-220
Summary In the Netherlands the home-bred varieties are developed almost entirely by private establishments. The Government institutes (Institute of Agricultural Plant Breeding and Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding) at Wageningen give advice to the breeders of field crops.The private plant breeders are informed of the results obtained and the working methods. They receive plant material for their breeding programme.The List of Varieties is the reference guide not only for the farmers but also to the plant breeders and the seedsmen. In the case of field crops it forms the basis for the seed inspection. A close connection exists between the breeding, variety-list and seed inspection. 相似文献
7.
观察来源于16个小麦基因型在有、无灌溉条件下,旗叶保卫细胞长度的变化.研究结果表明,基因型、灌溉及基因型和灌溉互作与旗叶保卫细胞的长度及其分布有密切关系.在灌溉条件下,旗叶保卫细胞相对较短,分布范围较集中,在旱地中,旗叶保卫细胞相对较长,分布范围也较集中.在水地和旱地中,小麦旗叶保卫细胞长度分布相同者一般为耐旱性较强的品种.反之,则为耐旱性较差的品种. 相似文献
8.
FRANKLIN OBENG‐ODOOM 《Growth and change》2012,43(1):85-109
Ghana is one of a few African countries where more people now reside in cities than in the countryside. What is not as well‐known are the changes that have taken place in the economic base of Ghanaian cities. This paper tells that story. It focuses particularly on jobs, incomes, inequality, and poverty, and their characteristics in an era when neoliberal policies have been implemented. It draws on census reports, national surveys, and published reports in order to overcome the dearth of information about the urban and national economies. The paper shows that, on the one hand, the increasing prominence of the private sector in the urban economy has impacted positively on capital formation and job creation. On the other hand, urban and national inequality levels have dramatically increased. Whether these changes are favourable to the majority of urban citizens is contestable. 相似文献
9.
Summary A new method for determining ploidy levels in cytochimeral plants was developed by examining the maximum number of nucleoli per cell. Colchicine-treated plants of Allium wakegi Araki and A. fistulosum L., which have different ploidy levels in the first (LI), the second (LII), and the third (LIII) germ layer, were used together with untreated 2-2-2 plants of the same species. Nucleoli in guard cells for LI and in mesophyll cells for LII were stained in a 50% AgNO3 aqueous solution at 55° C for three hours under dark, humid conditions. In both species the ploidy levels of LI determined by the maximum number of nucleoli per guard cell accorded well with those determined by guard cell length. In A. fistulosum the ploidy levels of LII determined by the maximum number of nucleoli per mesophyll cell clearly agreed with those determined by pollen size. This method provided more precise and efficient identification for LI and LII ploidy than the conventional methods of using guard cell length for LI and pollen size for LII. 相似文献
10.
研究了6个不同品种燕麦的染色体倍性差异,通过根尖染色体计数法和气孔保卫细胞横纵径及保卫细胞叶绿体计数法等方法对燕麦染色体倍性进行了观察鉴定.结果表明,6个不同品种燕麦中定燕1号、晋燕8号、晋燕17号、宁莜1号为六倍体(2 n=6 x=42),白燕6号、白燕7号为四倍体(2 n=4 x=28),同倍性不同种之间气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数目相近,不同倍性间气孔保卫细胞的大小差异较明显.经X2适合性检测,六倍体和四倍体植株气孔保卫细胞横径均值之比和保卫细胞叶绿体数的平均值之比符合其染色体数目之比3∶2,而纵径均值比值不符合. 相似文献
11.
Danny Marks Michelle Ann Miller Sujitra Vassanadumrongdee 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2020,61(2):266-282
Currently approximately 9 million tons of plastic enter the world's oceans annually. This is a major transboundary problem on a global scale that threatens marine wildlife, coastal ecologies, human health and livelihoods. Our concern in this paper is with the environmental governance of marine plastic pollution that emanates from Thailand, the sixth biggest contributor globally. By zooming in on land‐based polluters in Thailand, we highlight both the systemic nature of the marine plastic problem and the relative impunity with which drivers of transboundary environmental harm function at all levels of governance. Drawing from 19 interviews conducted with actors from the public, private and non‐profit sectors, we examine three stages of the problem: production, consumption and waste management. We found that three major barriers prevent Thailand's government, private sector and citizens from engaging in the sort collective action needed to reduce marine plastic pollution. They are: (i) insufficient incentives to enact political change; (ii) scalar disconnects in waste management; and (iii) inadequate public and private sector ownership over plastic waste reduction. As the state alone cannot change corporate and consumer behaviour, we argue that multi‐stakeholder efforts across organisational scales of governance and administrative boundaries are needed to address the barriers. 相似文献
12.
Lokesh Bora Rangasamy Muthusamy Vijayakumar Mathian Ganga Narayanapillai Meenakshi Ganesan Mangaldeep Sarkar Manoj Kundu 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):118-127
Polyploid breeding is an effective tool to induce variability in the existing population, specifically in the crops having very narrow genetic base such as acid lime. Hence, an experiment was conducted to induce polyploidy in acid lime through colchicine treatment. Higher frequency of triploids were obtained in 250 μM colchicine treatment (27.27%), whereas combination of 3× (21.42%), 4× (13.33%) and aneuploid (6.67%) were induced at 500 μM colchicine treatment. Measurement of stomatal density and guard cell size of colchiploids revealed that the former one has negative relation with ploidy level and a positive relation was observed between guard cell size and ploidy level. Further, area and size of nuclei also had a positive relation with ploidy level. Hence, stomatal density, guard cell and nuclei size can be used effectively as morphological marker for preliminary polyploid screening. From the experiment, it can be concluded that 500 μM colchicine treatment of in vitro derived shoot tip explants of acid lime is optimum for creating maximum possible variability through polyploidization in the existing acid lime population. 相似文献
13.
Dipti Ranjan Mohapatra 《Growth and change》2019,50(3):1134-1163
Rajasthan Urban Sector Development Program involved investment in water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, solid waste management (SWM), and etc. in major cities in the state of Rajasthan in India. This program was an initiative of the Government of Rajasthan and the Government of India carried out with a loan arrangement from Asian Development Bank. The phase II of the program was implemented in 15 cities of Rajasthan including Bharatpur with total investment of 1868.40 million Indian Rupees. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic viability of the infrastructure investments in Bharatpur in water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, SWM, and measure the impact on urban poor. Water supply, sewerage, sanitation, and drainage, and SWM subprojects are economically viable with internal rate of return (IRR) of 85.72%, 22.87%, and 39.34%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis shows above 12% IRR for all the above‐mentioned subprojects. The distribution of project benefits to the urban poor in Bharatpur is significant with poverty impact ratio of 9%. 相似文献
14.
Two chromosome doubling strategies were evaluated for producing wheat doubled haploids from wheat x maize crosses: (i) in vitro colchicine application to haploid embryos and (ii) colchicine treatment through postpollination tiller injections. In the in vitro approach the haploid embryos were rescued on medium containing colchicine (at concentrations of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5%) and moved to a colchicine‐free regeneration medium 48 h later. Embryos exposed to 0.5% colchicine had 91.67% of their regenerated plants showing chromosome doubling. In the tiller injection approach, different concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) of colchicine solution, which also contained 2,4‐D (100 ppm), were injected into the uppermost inter‐node of crossed tillers 48 and 72 h after pollination. The chromosome doubling efficiency varied from 33 to 100%, with 1% treatment being the most effective. No chimeras of doubled/haploid sectors were observed in the case of the tiller injection treatment and all the florets showed seed set in the doubled plants. Stomatal guard cell length provided rapid, early‐stage and unambiguous analysis of ploidy level on the basis of 10 guard cell observations per plant. 相似文献
15.
16.
The Use of Stomatal Chloroplast Number for Rapid Determination of Ploidy Level in Maize 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The usefulness of using the chloroplast number in epidermal guard cells as an indirect ploidy indicator was evaluated on seed-grown and tissue culture-derived maize plants. For seed-grown plants, two maize genotypes (B89 and R75) which had both diploid and tetraploid seeds available were used as experimental materials. The ploidy levels of seed-grown plants were confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of nuclear suspensions from these plants. For regenerated plants, haploid and diploid levels were examined and the ploidy levels of these plants were determined by chromosome counts of cells from root tips. A positive relationship between the chloroplast number and ploidy level was observed for both seed-grown and regenerated plants. The stomatal guard cells of tetraploid plants had nearly double the number of chloroplasts as the diploid plants. Similar results were found from the regenerated plants. The differences in the mean chloroplast number between diploid and tetraploid seed-grown plants and between haploid and diploid regenerated plants were highly significant. The results of this study demonstrate that counting chloroplasts in guard cells can be an efficient means of screening a large number of plants for ploidy levels. In addition, this study suggests the possibilities of using this method for detecting contaminated seed lots by different ploidy seed and for distinguishing plants of different genotypes. 相似文献
17.
中国居民收入差距的成因、演进与分解 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于1978-2009年以来的省级面板数据,本文首先利用泰尔指数估计了中国居民收入差距演进趋势,然后按地区结构和城乡结构进行了分解。结果显示,城乡收入差距占据了整体收入差距的70%以上,三大地区间的收入差距虽较为明显,但并没有地区内的收入差距显著。究其原因,中国收入差距的演进除了内在的经济规律使然外,经济政策也有较为明显的影响。因此,加快经济发展、强化农村偏向型的经济政策是缩小收入差距的必然途径。 相似文献
18.
为了保证高校食堂的良性运行,确保高校稳定,将HACCP应用于高校食堂食品卫生安全监管中,通过对其每个环节可能造成的潜在危害进行分析,以确定影响食品卫生安全的关键控制点(CCP),并针对每一个CCP点制定出相应的预防措施,建立食品卫生安全监控体系。从高校食堂建立HACCP体系的适用性以及HACCP在高校食堂的管理方式等方面,浅析了HACCP原理在高校食堂品卫生安全监管中的应用。 相似文献
19.
High income inequality has become a barrier to economic development for emerging economies. Education is commonly seen as a way to decrease income inequality; however, the empirical evidence is not convincing. By focusing on school performance, we take advantage of spatial econometrics to estimate a long-run relationship showing that income inequality can be reduced by increases in school performance. In particular, our results show that increases in school performance at early stages of educational levels and using mathematics as the subject goal can decrease income inequality in the long run. We use the case of Chile, which presents high income inequality and low school performance compared to similar nations. 相似文献
20.
食品卫生检验学是食品质量与安全专业的一门专业基础课,为有效提高食品卫生检验学的实验水平,进行了食品卫生检验学开放性实验教学的实践和探索。通过开放性实验教学改革,使学生巩固了理论课的基本知识,提高了实验技能,培养了学生学习专业课的兴趣、团队精神和创新精神。 相似文献