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[目的] 探查粮食主产区土地利用变化规律及其碳效应,为土地利用结构调整及低碳经济发展提供依据。[方法] 基于1980,2000,2020年3期土地利用现状数据,在网格采样法、土地利用动态度模型、碳排放系数法以及空间自相关分析模型支持下,揭示1980年以来洞庭湖流域土地利用变化规律及其碳效应的空间异质性特征。[结果] ①洞庭湖流域土地利用阶段性变化。1980—2000年综合动态度为0.02%,其中动态度最大的是建设用地,未利用地次之。2000—2020年综合动态度增至0.18%,建设用地面积增长加快。②净碳效应表现为碳汇,但由1980年的5.93×107 t下降到2020年2.82×107 t,而由土地利用变化引起的碳效应呈现碳排放变化量大于碳汇变化量特点,并导致净碳排放量增加了6.08×105 t,且空间上净碳排放相对高值区呈“H”型分布特点,低值区逐渐扩张。③洞庭湖流域集水小区净碳排放的空间自相关性特征显著。1980—2000年主要聚集类型为高—高型和低—低型,低—高型分布零散,2000—2020年高—高型分布更加集中连片,低—低型主要在湘江流域北部。[结论] 在洞庭湖流域,应坚持“碳增汇,碳减排”定位,保持林地的碳汇稳定状态,科学引导高碳排放土地的开发利用,并依据空间自相关特点关注不同集水区的碳排放“同化”作用。 相似文献
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[目的] 土地利用变化是影响碳排放和环境质量的重要驱动力之一。研究土地利用碳排放时空格局变化与效应,为制定低碳发展策略提供理论依据。[方法] 基于灰色理论和生态承载系数,利用1980—2020年宁夏回族自治区22个县区土地利用和能源消耗数据,分析了土地利用变化与碳排放强度变化及效应。[结果] ①碳排放变化量与土地利用变化之间具有密切的关联性。其中,建设用地与碳排放的关联度最大,为0.95。②1980—2020年宁夏土地利用类型碳排放量净增加了5.24×107 t,增幅625.43%。建设用地面积以年均4.42%的速率增长,碳排放量增幅达2 385.85%;草地面积减少了2.95×105 hm2,碳汇量减少了5.80×104 t;林地对碳汇的贡献超过75%,且随林地面积的不断增大而增加。③1980—2020年宁夏土地利用碳排放强度以年均0.25 t/hm2的速率增大,中度及以上等级覆盖面积逐渐增大,在空间上形成沿黄城市碳排放强度高于中、南部的分布格局。④宁夏各县区碳排放生态承载系数空间差异明显,碳生态容量表现出北弱南强的分布格局。[结论] 1980—2020年宁夏土地利用碳排放强度逐渐增大,北部沿黄河各县区碳生态容量逐渐减小,中南部县区碳生态容量增大,但减排压力较大。建议优化建设用地空间格局,增加混交林面积,增强森林碳汇能力。 相似文献
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[目的] 开展土地利用碳排放差异与碳补偿研究，为各地域根据净碳排放量制定低碳发展政策提供依据。[方法] 基于2005—2020年福建省土地利用和能源消费数据，构建碳排放以及碳补偿价值测算模型，计算各市域不同时段的碳排放量以及碳补偿价值。[结果] ①福建省土地利用变化净碳排放呈现出明显的增长趋势，增长速度先快后慢。建设用地为主要碳源，其碳排放量增加3.41×107 t；林地为主要碳汇，其碳吸收量减少近3.00×104 t。②净碳排放量高值区域主要分布在碳排放量高、碳补偿率低的福州市、泉州市和漳州市，净碳排放量低值区域主要分布在碳排放量少、碳补偿率高的南平市，除厦门市外，各市的净碳排放强度与净碳排放量的空间分布相似。③碳补偿价值与各市净碳排放量的空间分布具有高度相似性，高碳补偿区主要是经济发展水平高、净碳排放量大的福州市、泉州市，受偿区主要是经济发展水平低、净碳排放量小的南平市。[结论] 为实现区域协调以及低碳发展，需不断完善碳补偿机制，从低碳层面依靠碳补偿推动区域低碳协调发展。 相似文献
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[目的] 为估算陕西省水源涵养量。[方法] 通过耦合InVEST模型和PLUS模型,计算陕西省2000—2020年水源涵养量,并预测未来2030年土地利用变化下的水源涵养量。[结果] 陕西省2000—2020年平均水源涵养量为132.25 mm,空间分布特征为水源涵养量由北向南逐渐增强。从植被类型来看,林地是陕西省水源涵养量的主体,年平均水源涵养量为199.55×108 m3;从行政区来看,安康市水源涵养量最大(308.96 mm)。2030年陕西省水源涵养总量为285.16×108 m3,相比2020年降低8.68×108 m3。[结论] 陕西省未来2020—2030年水源涵养量呈略微下降趋势。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析徐州市时空尺度下农业碳排放时空特征与脱钩效应,为江苏省徐州市及其周边资源型城市未来农业的绿色高质可持续发展以及农业经济的良性增长提供理论与数据参考。[方法] 采用排放系数法测算2000—2020年时空尺度下徐州市农业碳排放总量、强度和结构,而后基于Tapio脱钩模型分析其与农业经济发展间的脱钩关系。[结果] ①徐州市农业碳排放变化趋势总体呈“快速上升—波动上升—快速下降”3阶段,从2000年的1.61×106 t先增后减至2020年的1.69×106 t,形象地表现为“M”形。对农业碳排放贡献率大小依次是耕地利用(46.44%)、作物种植(31.90%)和牲畜养殖(21.66%),化肥是最主要碳源。②徐州市各区(县、市)农业碳排放量差异明显,经历了由升到降的长期演化进程,空间层面上总体呈现出“中部高,周边低”的分布格局,邳州市最为突出; ③徐州市农业碳排放与农业经济发展总体经历了“弱脱钩—强负脱钩—扩张负脱钩—强脱钩”的变化历程,且“十三五”以来主要表现为强脱钩。[结论] 徐州市农业碳排放随着低碳减排理念的不断深入而日趋合理,农业经济发展也取得了一定成效。 相似文献
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[目的]定量测算江西省九江市土地利用碳排放,揭示其时空演变特征,并估算土地利用碳排放风险,为九江市构建绿色低碳土地利用方式提供科学参考。[方法]采用土地利用碳排放系数法测度2000—2020年九江市土地利用碳排放和时空变化规律,并从网格化的视角,利用碳排放风险指数识别各县区碳排放风险,基于对数平均迪式指数(LMDI)模型,分析土地利用碳排放的影响因素。[结果] 2000—2020年九江市土地利用净碳排放量呈递增趋势,年均增幅为13.75%,建设用地是主要碳源,占碳排放量的90%以上,林地是主要碳汇。九江市净碳排放量呈现“东北高,西南低”的空间分布特征,森林覆盖率好的武宁县、修水县一直处于碳汇功能,濂溪区、浔阳区、湖口县、瑞昌市的碳排放量占九江市净碳排放量的95%以上。九江市土地利用碳排放风险整体偏低,并呈现“东北高,西南低”的分布特征,长江沿岸县区濂溪区、浔阳区和柴桑区处于高度碳排放风险区。经济发展水平是碳排放增加的主要因素,能源消费强度则是抑制碳排放的关键因素。[结论] 2000—2020年九江市土地利用碳排放大幅增加,应控制新增碳源用地,优化土地利用结构,并积极探索低碳绿色能源利用... 相似文献
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[目的] 研究土地利用碳平衡与人类活动强度间的协同关系,为沱江流域的区域协同碳减排规划及实现中国“碳达峰、碳中和”目标提供参考。[方法] 基于2000—2020年土地利用及社会经济数据,使用碳排放经济贡献系数、碳生态承载系数、人类活动强度指标,耦合协调度模型及回归分析方法,核算了沱江流域土地利用碳排放量并分析了土地利用碳平衡与人类活动强度的时空演变特征及其协同关系。[结果] 研究表明,2000—2020年沱江流域碳排放量增加了5.13×107 t,其中建设用地碳排放量占90%以上;碳吸收量变化不大,主要来自林地,呈现先减后增的趋势;净碳排放增长率呈下降趋势。各区县的土地利用碳平衡协调度均在提升,但70%以上的区域处于失调衰退状态。沱江流域人类活动强度整体处于中等强度水平,空间上从北向南呈现“低—高—低—高”的格局。[结论] 人类活动强度与人均GDP、人均碳排放均存在显著的正相关关系。土地利用碳平衡协调度与人类活动强度的负相关关系随着技术进步与能源利用效率的提高而降低。提高碳汇能力与碳生产力是改善区域土地利用碳平衡协调水平的有效途径。 相似文献
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[目的] 在“双碳”战略实施背景下,准确评估陆地生态系统固碳现状、速率与潜力对实现“碳中和”目标意义重大。陕西省横跨3个气候带,南北气候差异大,植被类型丰富。近年来,由于多项生态工程(退耕还林还草、三北防护林等)的实施,陕西省植被覆盖度进一步提升至60.7%,固碳能力巨大。陆地生态系统NPP(植被净初级生产力)是反映植被固碳能力的重要指标,然而,关于陕西省NPP的时空动态变化,以及NPP未来潜力的空间分布鲜有研究。[方法] 以陕西省陆地生态系统为研究对象,利用CASA模型和邻域相似空间分布法评估陕西省植被NPP及其潜力的时空分布特征。[结果] (1)陕西省植被总固碳量在2000年和2020年分别为687,1 020 Tg,增加333 Tg,增幅为48.5%。(2)陕西省NPP呈南高北低,中间存在最高值或最低值的空间分布态势,平均值在2000年和2020年分别为333.2,494.8 gC/m2,共增加161.6 gC/m2,增加幅度呈北高南低的分布态势。(3)陕西省生态系统NPP的实际最大潜力为2 304 Tg,相比于2020年增加41.3%,空间分布态势表现为由南到北逐渐降低,且空间分布特征均表现高度空间自相关特性,但局部差异较大。[结论] 陕西省植被总固碳量在2000—2020年显著增加,同时,未来植被固碳潜力巨大。评估和预测陕西省区域尺度生态系统NPP时空动态变化及潜力空间分布特征,可为科学评价提升区域碳汇能力提供一定的评价体系和理论参考。 相似文献
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[目的] 分析渭河源区不同等级坡耕地的时空变化,揭示不同坡耕地类型的土壤保持效应,探讨退耕还林还草工程对渭河源区坡耕地及土壤保持的影响,为完善不同坡耕地资源合理规划利用提供科学依据。[方法] 利用1990,2000,2010和2020年4期渭河源区土地利用和地形数据,通过叠加分析、耕地动态度、土地利用转移矩阵和中国土壤流失方程等方法进行分析。[结果] ①1990—2020年耕地呈先缓慢增加后急剧减少再缓慢减少的趋势,面积净减少321.03 km2,其中陡坡耕地和缓坡耕地是耕地变化主要类型。②近30 a来,耕地的时空变化主要表现为1990—2000年耕地少量转入,主要分布在漳县和岷县;随着退耕还林还草工程的实施,有279.80 km2的坡耕地转变为林草地,其中耕地转换为草地主要分布在通渭和陇西县,而耕地转换为林地主要分布在陇西和岷县。③1990—2000年渭河源区林草地开垦导致土壤保持量减少5.52×104 t,而2000—2020年退耕还林还草导致土壤保持量增加2.21×106 t,其中大于15°的坡耕地的转变对土壤保持量变化影响更大。[结论] 渭河源区退耕还林还草工程成效显著,其中2000—2010年陡坡耕地的退耕面积最大,陡坡耕地退耕地土壤保持总体效应最大,但峭坡耕地退耕地单位效应最大。峭坡耕地仍有较大退耕空间,依旧是新一轮退耕任务的主要目标。 相似文献
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根据1996-2010年陕西省终端能源消费数据及2010年各市区单位GDP能耗数据,对陕西省碳排放量进行了核算,并基于Kaya恒等式,利用对数平均Divisia指数分解模型对陕西省碳排放的影响因素进行了分解分析。结果表明:(1) 陕西省碳排放总量、人均碳排放量在1996-2000年均为小幅度下降,此后大幅度增加,而碳排放强度总体呈现出下降趋势。从能源消费碳排放比例来看,煤炭消费碳排放量占绝对比重(70.47%)。(2) 陕西省各市区碳排放总量与碳排放强度表现出明显的区域分异特征。陕西省的碳排放总量关中最高,陕北次之,陕南最小;地级市区中:西安市、榆林市和渭南市排放量超过5.00×106 t,杨凌区的碳排放量仅有7.21×104 t;渭南市和榆林市碳排放强度较高,而商洛市和杨凌区碳排放强度较低。(3) 经济产出、产业结构及人口规模对陕西省碳排放量的增加表现为正效应,能源结构和能源强度对陕西省碳排放量的增加表现为负效应。其中经济增长是陕西省碳排放量增加的决定因素,而能源强度降低是碳排放量减少的决定因素。 相似文献
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【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献