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1.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of recombinant human (rh) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in dogs with suspected hypothyroidism. ANIMALS: 64 dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism. PROCEDURES: Dogs received rhTSH (75 microg/dog, IV) at a dose independent of their body weight. Blood samples were taken before and 6 hours after rhTSH administration for determination of total serum thyroxine (T(4)) concentration. Dogs were placed into 1 of 3 groups as follows: those with normal (ie, poststimulation values indicative of euthyroidism), unchanged (ie, poststimulation values indicative of hypothyroidism; no thyroid gland stimulation), or intermediate (ie, poststimulation values between unchanged and normal values) post-TSH T(4) concentrations. Serum canine TSH (cTSH) concentration was determined in prestimulation serum (ie, before TSH administration). RESULTS: 14, 35, and 15 dogs had unchanged, normal, and intermediate post-TSH T(4) concentrations, respectively. Basal T(4) and post-TSH T(4) concentrations were significantly different among groups. On the basis of basal serum T(4) and cTSH concentrations alone, 1 euthyroid (normal post-TSH T(4), low basal T(4), and high cTSH concentrations) and 1 hypothyroid dog (unchanged post-TSH T(4) concentration and low to with-in reference range T(4) and cTSH concentrations) would have been misinterpreted as hypothyroid and euthyroid, respectively. Nine of the 15 dogs with intermediate post-TSHT(4) concentrations had received medication known to affect thyroid function prior to the test, and 2 of them had severe nonthyroidal disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The TSH-stimulation test with rhTSH is a valuable diagnostic tool to assess thyroid function in selected dogs in which a diagnosis of hypothyroidism cannot be based on basal T(4) and cTSH concentrations alone.  相似文献   

2.
Thyroid function was assessed in euthyroid dogs (n = 20), dogs suffering from canine recurrent flank alopecia (CRFA, n = 18), and hypothyroid dogs (n = 21). Blood samples obtained from all dogs in each group were assayed for total thyroxine (TT4), thyrotropin (TSH), and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) serum concentrations. Total T4 and TSH serum concentrations were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, in the hypothyroid group compared with the other 2 groups. No significant differences in TT4 and TSH serum values were found between the euthyroid and CRFA groups. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies were detected in 10, 11.1, and 61.9% of euthyroid dogs, dogs with CRFA, and hypothyroid dogs, respectively. In conclusion, dogs suffering from CRFA have a normal thyroid function, and the determination of TT4 and TSH serum concentrations allows differentiation of these dogs from dogs with hypothyroidism, in most cases. Occasionally, the 2 diseases can be concomitant.  相似文献   

3.
Canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) was measured in a variety of clinical cases (n= 72). The cases were classified as euthyroid, sick euthyroid, hypothyroid or hypothyroid on non-thyroidal therapy on the basis of their history, clinical signs, laboratory results (including total thyroxine concentrations and, where indicated, thyroid-releasing hormone [TRH] stimulation tests) and response to appropriate therapy. Additional samples were taken during some of the TRH stimulation tests to measure the response of cTSH concentrations following TRH administration. A reference range (0 to 0–41 ng/ml) was calculated from the basal concentrations of cTSH in a group of 41 euthyroid dogs. Six of nine cases of confirmed hypothyroidism had basal cTSH concentrations above the reference range, whereas the remainder were within the normal range. One of these three remaining cases was a pituitary dwarf and did not show a rise in cTSH concentration following TRH stimulation. In contrast, only one of a group of six hypothyroid dogs that had been on non-thyroidal treatment within the previous four weeks had increased concentrations of basal cTSH. This study also found that five of a group of 16 dogs with sick euthyroid syndrome had increased cTSH concentrations. It was concluded that cTSH measurements are a useful additional diagnostic test in cases of suspected hypothyroidism in dogs but that dynamic testing is still required to confirm the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

4.
Bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) stimulation testing has long been considered the gold standard for diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism. Unfortunately, bTSH is no longer commercially available. Recently, the use of recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH) to perform thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation testing in dogs was described. The cost of an rhTSH vial (1.1 mg) limits the practical use of this product. The study reported here was performed to determine the effects of storing rhTSH on the post-TSH increase of serum total (TT4) and free (FT4) thyroxine concentrations during TSH stimulation testing in 12 euthyroid Beagles in a crossover trial. Three TSH tests with recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH; 91.5 microg IV) were performed on each dog during 3 different periods: 1 with freshly reconstituted rhTSH (fresh); 1 with rhTSH, reconstituted and stored at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks (refrigerated); and 1 with rhTSH, reconstituted and frozen at -20 degrees C for 8 weeks (frozen). Blood samples for determination of TT4 and FT4 concentrations were collected before and 4 and 6 hours after rhTSH administration. There was no significant difference in TT4 or FT4 concentration after stimulation with fresh, refrigerated, and frozen rhTSH. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between TT4 or FT4 serum concentration observed 4 and 6 hours after rhTSH administration. In conclusion, reconstituted rhTSH can be stored at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks and at -20 degrees C for 8 weeks without loss of biological activity, allowing clinicians to perform more TSH response tests per vial.  相似文献   

5.
Thyroid function was evaluated in 18 healthy dogs by thyrotropin (TSH) stimulation. Two dose regimens were used in each dog: 0.1 IU/kg body weight of freshly reconstituted lyophilized TSH and 1 IU/dog of previously frozen and stored TSH (up to 200 days), both given intravenously. Blood samples were collected prior to and at four and six hours after TSH administration. Serum was evaluated for total thyroxine concentrations by radioimmunoassay. All dogs were classified as euthyroid on the basis of response to 0.1 IU/kg body weight of freshly reconstituted TSH at four and six hours. The 1 IU dose of TSH, previously frozen for up to 200 days, induced increases in serum total thyroxine concentration over baseline at four and six hours that were not significantly different from those resulting from the use of the higher dose of fresh TSH. In all test groups, there were no statistically significant differences between total thyroxine concentrations at four and six hours post-TSH administration. It was concluded that an adequate TSH response can be achieved with the use of 1 IU of TSH/dog for clinically normal dogs between 29.0 kg and 41.6 kg body weight, even if this TSH has been frozen at -20 degrees C for up to 200 days. Further, blood collection can be performed at any time between four and six hours. Similar studies are needed to evaluate this new protocol in hypothyroid dogs and euthyroid dogs suffering nonthyroidal systemic diseases.  相似文献   

6.
Several nonthyroidal illnesses in euthyroid dogs can affect the results of thyroid function testing, making interpretation of the results more difficult with an increased risk of overdiagnosing hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic, moderate to severe, osteoarthritis on canine thyroid function. Ninety-six, healthy, client-owned dogs, 65 of which were suffering from moderate to severe osteoarthritis and 31 euthyroid dogs without any physical evidence of osteoarthritis, were used in this study. Blood samples were collected to evaluate serum basal total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyrotropin (TSHc) concentrations. Basal serum TT4 concentration was not affected by osteoarthritis in dogs. Mild, but statistically significant, differences were noticed in FT4 and TSHc concentrations among the 2 groups. However, this had limited clinical relevance, since virtually all values were within their reference range, and no dogs would have been misdiagnosed as hypothyroid. Therefore, based on the results of our study, osteoarthritis does not need to be considered a factor influencing thyroid function evaluation in dogs.  相似文献   

7.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/SMX) on thyroid function in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 healthy euthyroid dogs. PROCEDURE: Dogs were administered T/SMX (14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 3 weeks. Blood was collected weekly for 6 weeks for determination of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations. Schirmer tear tests were performed weekly. Blood was collected for CBC prior to antimicrobial treatment and at 3 and 6 weeks. RESULTS: 5 dogs had serum TT4 concentrations equal to or less than the lower reference limit, and 4 dogs had serum fT4 less than the lower reference limit after 3 weeks of T/SMX administration; cTSH concentrations were greater than the upper reference limit in 4 dogs. All dogs had TT4 and fT4 concentrations greater than the lower reference limit after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 1 week, and cTSH concentrations were less than reference range after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 2 weeks. Two dogs developed decreased tear production, which returned to normal after discontinuing administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 3 weeks caused decreased TT4 and fT4 concentrations and increased cTSH concentration, conditions that would be compatible with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Therefore, dogs should not have thyroid function evaluated while receiving this dosage of T/SMX for >2 weeks. These results are in contrast to those of a previous study of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine.  相似文献   

8.
Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin, thyroxine, and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in 15 euthyroid dogs and 5 thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil-treated dogs after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration were measured. Although thyroidectomized and propylthiouracil-treated dogs had higher (P less than 0.01) base-line concentrations of TSH in serum than did euthyroid dogs, concentrations of TSH after TRH administration varied at 7.5, 15, and 30 minutes with 14 of 45 samples obtained from healthy dogs having lower TSH concentrations than before TRH challenge. Similarly, concentrations of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in the serum of euthyroid dogs 4 hours after TRH administration were similar (P less than 0.05) to concentrations before TRH challenge. Although the mean concentration of thyroxine in serum was elevated (P less than 0.05) 4 hours after administration of TRH to euthyroid animals, as compared with base-line levels, the individual response was variable with concentrations not changing or decreasing in 4 dogs. Therefore, the TRH challenge test as performed in the current investigation was of limited value in evaluating canine pituitary gland function. Although mean concentrations of TSH in serum were higher (P less than 0.05) in euthyroid dogs after TRH administration, the response was too variable among individual animals for accurate evaluation of pituitary gland function. Concentrations of prolactin in the sera of dogs after TRH administration, confirmed previous reports that exogenously administered TRH results in prolactin release from the canine pituitary and indicated that the TRH used was biologically potent.  相似文献   

9.
Serum thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were determined every 3 h for 12 h beginning at 8 a.m. in 20 healthy euthyroid dogs, 19 dogs with hypothyroidism, and 18 euthyroid dogs with atopic dermatitis. Status of thyroid function was based on history, physical findings, results of thyrotropin response testing, and requirement for thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Mean serum T4 and T3 concentrations did not vary significantly between blood samplings within each of the three groups of dogs. Between groups of dogs, mean serum T4 concentration was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher at each blood sampling time in healthy euthyroid dogs and euthyroid dogs with atopic dermatitis when compared to dogs with hypothyroidism. There was no significant difference in mean serum T4 concentration at any blood sampling time between healthy euthyroid dogs and euthyroid dogs with atopic dermatitis or in mean serum T3 concentrations at any blood sampling time between any of the three groups of dogs. Random fluctuation in serum T4 and T3 concentrations was found in dogs in all three groups. Random fluctuations were more common with serum T3 versus T4 concentrations. Consequently, sensitivity (0.88 versus 0.52), specificity (0.73 versus 0.45), predictive value for a positive test (0.75 versus 0.32), predictive value for a negative test (0.87 versus 0.65), and accuracy (0.80 versus 0.47) were better for serum T4 concentration than serum T3 concentration, respectively, when all blood samples were analysed. Measurement of serum T4 concentration was more accurate than serum T3 concentration in assessing the status of thyroid gland function.  相似文献   

10.
Obesity and weight loss have been shown to alter thyroid hormone homeostasis in humans. In dogs, obesity is the most common nutritional problem encountered and weight loss is the cornerstone of its treatment. Therefore, it is important to clarify how obesity and weight loss can affect thyroid function test results in that species. The objectives of this study were to compare thyroid function in obese dogs and in lean dogs and to explore the effects of caloric restriction and weight loss on thyroid hormone serum concentrations in obese dogs. In the first experiment, 12 healthy lean beagles and 12 obese beagles were compared. Thyroid function was evaluated by measuring serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyrotropin (TSH), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) as well as a TSH stimulation test using 75 microg i.v. of recombinant human TSH. In the second experiment, eight obese beagles were fed an energy-restricted diet [average 63% maintenance energy requirement (MER)] until optimal weight was obtained. Blood samples for determination of TT4, FT4, TT3, TSH and rT3, were taken at the start and then weekly during weight loss. Only TT3 and TT4 serum concentrations were significantly higher in obese dogs as compared to lean dogs. In the second experiment, weight loss resulted in a significant decrease in TT3 and TSH serum concentrations. Thus obesity and energy restriction significantly alter thyroid homeostasis in dogs, but the observed changes are unlikely to affect interpretation of thyroid function test results in clinics.  相似文献   

11.
Fifty-eight dogs with generalized dermatologic disease that had not been given glucocorticoids systemically or topically within 6 weeks of entering the study were evaluated for thyroid function by use of the thyrotropin-response test. Dogs were classified as euthyroid or hypothyroid on the basis of test results and response to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Baseline serum thyroxine (T4), free T4 (fT4), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were evaluated in the 58 dogs. Serum T4, fT4, and T3 concentrations were evaluated in 200 healthy dogs to establish normal values. Hormone concentrations were considered low if they were less than the mean -2 SD of the values for control dogs. Specificity of T4 and fT4 concentrations was 100% in predicting hypothyroidism; none of the euthyroid dogs with generalized skin disease had baseline serum T4 or fT4 concentration in the low range. Sensitivity was better for fT4 (89%) than for T4 (44%) concentration. Significant difference was not observed in serum T4 and fT4 concentrations between euthyroid dogs with generalized skin disease and healthy control dogs without skin disease. Serum T3 concentration was not accurate in predicting thyroid function; most of the euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs with skin disease had serum T3 concentration within the normal range.  相似文献   

12.
Thyroid function was evaluated in 20 healthy dogs by thyrotropin (TSH) response testing. Two dose regimens were used: 5 IU of TSH given IV and 1 IU of TSH given IV. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 4 and 6 hours after TSH administration. Serum was obtained and analyzed for total 3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine (T4) concentrations by radioimmunoassay. All dogs were classified as euthyroid on the basis of response to 5 IU of TSH at 4 and 6 hours. The 1-IU dose of TSH failed to induce adequate increase in T4 concentration in 7 dogs at 4 and 6 hours when the criteria for normal response were post-TSH serum concentration T4 greater than or equal to 3.0 micrograms/dl and serum T4 increase by greater than or equal to 100% over baseline serum T4 concentration. One IU of TSH induced increase in serum T4 concentration over baseline; however, the increase was significantly (P less than 0.05) less than that in response to a 5-IU dose at 6 hours after administration of TSH.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVES: To compare serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as measures of thyroid follicular colloid and epithelium, between groups of healthy dogs and severely sick dogs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 61 healthy dogs and 66 severely sick dogs. PROCEDURE: Serum samples were obtained before euthanasia, and both thyroid lobes were removed immediately after euthanasia. Morphometric analyses were performed on each lobe, and serum TT4, fT4, and TSH concentrations were measured. RESULTS: In the sick group, serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations were less than reference range values in 39 (59%) and 21 (32%) dogs, respectively; only 5 (8%) dogs had high TSH concentrations. Mean serum TT4 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower in the sick group, compared with the healthy group. In the healthy group, a significant negative correlation was found between volume percentage of colloid and TT4 or fT4 concentrations, and a significant positive correlation was found between volume percentage of follicular epithelium and TT4 or fT4 concentrations. A significant negative correlation was observed between volume percentages of colloid and follicular epithelium in both groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: TT4 and fT4 concentrations are frequently less than reference range values in severely sick dogs. Therefore, thyroid status should not be evaluated during severe illness. The absence of any significant differences in mean volume percentages of follicular epithelium between healthy and severely sick dogs suggests that these 2 groups had similar potential for synthesizing and secreting thyroid hormones.  相似文献   

14.
Measurement of serum-free thyroxine (fT4) concentration provides a more accurate assessment of thyroid gland function than serum thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). Techniques for measuring serum fT4 concentration include standard equilibrium dialysis (SED), radioimmunoassay (RIA), and a combination of both (modified equilibrium dialysis [MED]). This study compared results of serum fT4 measurements by means of SED, MED, and 5 RIAs in 30 healthy dogs, 10 dogs with hypothyroidism, and 31 euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness for which hypothyroidism was a diagnostic consideration. Serum fT4 concentrations were comparable when determined by the SED and MED techniques, and mean serum fT4 concentrations were significantly (P < .01) lower in dogs with hypothyroidism than in healthy dogs and euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness. Significant (P < .05) differences in fT4 concentrations were identified among the 5 RIAs and among the RIAs and MED and SED. Serum fT4 concentrations were consistently lower when fT4 was determined by the RIAs, compared with either equilibrium dialysis technique. Serum fT4 concentrations were significantly lower (P < .01) in dogs with hypothyroidism than in healthy dogs for all RIAs; were significantly lower (P < .05) in dogs with hypothyroidism than in euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness for 4 RIAs; and were significantly lower (P < .01) in euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness than in healthy dogs for 4 RIAs. RIAs had the highest number of low serum fT4 concentrations in euthyroid dogs with concurrent illness. This study documented differences in test results among fT4 assays, emphasizing the importance of maintaining consistency in the assay used to measure serum fT4 concentrations in the clinical or research setting.  相似文献   

15.
Primary hypothyroidism in dogs is associated with increased release of growth hormone (GH). In search for an explanation we investigated the effect of intravenous administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, 10 microg/kg body weight) on GH release in 10 dogs with primary hypothyroidism and 6 healthy control dogs. The hypothyroid dogs had a medical history and physical changes compatible with hypothyroidism and were included in the study on the basis of the following criteria: plasma thyroxine concentration < 2 nmol/l and plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentration > 1 microg/l. In addition, (99m)TcO(4)(-) uptake during thyroid scintigraphy was low or absent. TRH administration caused plasma TSH concentrations to rise significantly in the control dogs, but not in the hypothyroid dogs. In the dogs with primary hypothyroidism, the mean basal plasma GH concentration was relatively high (2.3+/-0.5 microg/l) and increased significantly (P=0.001) 10 and 20 min after injection of TRH (to 11.9+/-3.5 and 9.8+/-2.7 microg/l, respectively). In the control dogs, the mean basal plasma GH concentration was 1.3+/-0.1 microg/l and did not increase significantly after TRH administration. We conclude that, in contrast to healthy control dogs, primary hypothyroid dogs respond to TRH administration with a significant increase in the plasma GH concentration, possibly as a result of transdifferentiation of somatotropic pituitary cells to thyrosomatotropes.  相似文献   

16.
Numerous factors including non-thyroidal systemic diseases and drug administration can significantly alter canine thyroid function test results. Furthermore, the importance of breed specific variations has probably been underestimated. In this study, total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), canine endogenous thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) serum concentrations and thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAA) were determined in a population of healthy whippets and compared to a control group of different breeds. Mean TT4 values were significantly lower in the whippets but no significant differences were seen between whippets and control dogs for FT4 and for cTSH. The prevalence of serum TgAA in the whippets was 2%, and this was not significantly different from the controls. The results suggest a breed variation for TT4, but not for FT4, cTSH and TgAA serum concentrations in whippets. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were also compared between trained and non-trained whippets and it was concluded that regular training did not seem to have any significant influence.  相似文献   

17.
Plasma von Willebrand factor antigen concentration was determined in 15 dogs with suspected hypothyroidism, in 1 dog with hyperthyroidism, and in 14 euthyroid dogs. The mean +/- SEM von Willebrand factor:antigen concentration in hypothyroid dogs (47.1% +/- 12.6%) was significantly decreased (P less than 0.0005), compared with that in euthyroid dogs (94.7 +/- 5.6%). Four hypothyroid dogs were given thyroxine for 1 month and all 4 had an increase in von Willebrand factor:antigen concentration. The plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen concentration was 200% in the hyperthyroid dog. Seemingly, reduced concentrations of plasma von Willebrand factor:antigen can be found in dogs in association with congenital von Willebrand disease or with von Willebrand disease acquired through hypothyroidism.  相似文献   

18.
Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were determined after IV administration of 200 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to 10 healthy euthyroid dogs. Significant (P less than 0.05) changes were not found in the T3 concentration throughout an 8-hour sampling interval. All dogs had a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the T4 concentration at 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours after TRH administration. The largest increase in the serum T4 concentration occurred 4 hours after TRH injection. From 4 to 8 hours after TRH administration, the mean increase above basal T4 concentrations was 13.9 +/- 5.4 ng/ml.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether nonthyroidal disease of various causes and severity is associated with abnormalities in baseline serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), free T4, or thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) in dogs believed to be euthyroid. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 223 dogs with confirmed nonthyroidal diseases and presumptive normal thyroid function, and 150 clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURE: Serum total T4, total T3, free T4, and TSH concentrations were measured in dogs with confirmed nonthyroidal disease. Reference ranges for hormone concentrations were established on the basis of results from 150 clinically normal dogs. RESULTS: In dogs with nonthyroidal disease, median serum concentrations of total T4, total T3, and free T4 were significantly lower than those in clinically normal dogs. Median serum TSH concentration in sick dogs was significantly greater than that of clinically normal dogs. When stratified by severity of disease (ie, mild, moderate, and severe), dogs with severe disease had low serum concentrations of total T4, total T3, or free T4 more commonly than did dogs with mild disease. In contrast, serum TSH concentrations were more likely to remain within the reference range regardless of severity of disease. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicate that serum total T4, free T4, and total T3 concentrations may be low (ie, in the hypothyroid range) in dogs with moderate to severe nonthyroidal disease. Serum TSH concentrations are more likely to remain within the reference range in sick dogs.  相似文献   

20.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of meloxicam; carprofen; and a slow-acting disease modifying osteoarthritis agent, that contains chondroitin sulfate, purified glucosamine, and manganese ascorbate (CS-G-M), on thyroid function in dogs. Forty-six healthy (except for osteoarthritis) euthyroid dogs were blindly assigned to 3 treatment groups: meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M. Each group received the recommended dose of the drug for 60 days. Sixteen other osteoarthritic euthyroid dogs, which received a placebo, were used as a control group to validate the study. For all groups, blood samples were collected on days 0, 30, and 60 to evaluate the serum total and free thyroxine, and endogenous thyrotropin concentrations. There were no significant differences among the treatment groups at each time or within each group over a 60-day period for all parameters. Moreover, none of these values were within the hypothyroid range. Based on the results of this study, the administration of meloxicam, carprofen, and CS-G-M did not affect canine thyroid function evaluation.  相似文献   

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