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1.
为了探明根源ABA对春玉米干旱后复水补偿生长的调控效应,采用盆栽试验以春玉米酒单2号为材料,设CK（正常供水,保持最大持水量的75%~80%）、MS（中度干旱,保持最大持水量的50%~55%）、SS（重度干旱,保持最大持水量的35%~40%）、MS-CK（中度干旱再复水）、SS-CK（重度干旱再复水）等5个处理,研究苗期干旱及复水条件下春玉米生物量积累、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、根源ABA含量的变化。结果表明：重度干旱胁迫具有较高的根源ABA含量,诱导叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性显著提高,增幅分别为85.48%、72.67%、22.58%,并导致其叶片气孔导度(Gs)和光合速率(Pn)降低51.56%、12.16%,同时最大电子传递速率（Jmax）、最大羧化速率(VCmax)、磷酸丙糖利用率(TPU)及RuBP羧化酶的羧化效率(CE)降低,使其单株生物量较正常供水降低46.56%;复水后,较高的根源ABA含量影响其细胞膜修复和光合功能恢复的速度,使单株生物量较未复水重度干旱胁迫增加90.36%,较正常供水增加1.73%,表现出补偿效应。中度干旱胁迫具有相对较低的根源ABA含量,诱导叶片抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性提高幅度较小,增幅分别为64.72%、41.72%、11.62%,并使Gs和Pn分别降低15.01%和6.42%,同时Jmax、VCmax、TPU及CE稍有降低,其单株生物量较正常供水仅降低13.64%;复水后,相对较低的根源ABA含量最终使单株生物量较未复水的中度干旱胁迫增加30.71%,较正常供水增加12.88%,表现出超补偿效应。综上,干旱胁迫产生的根源ABA主要对旱后复水春玉米光能吸收、光合碳同化及抗氧化保护功能起积极调节作用。 相似文献
2.
以新陆早58号为试验材料,分析顶二叶荧光参数与叶绿素含量、植株群体叶面积指数及地上部生物量随生育进程和不同施氮量的变化规律,确定荧光参数与生长指标的关系,构建出基于叶绿素荧光参数的滴灌棉花生长指标反演模型。结果表明：棉花顶二叶叶绿素荧光参数Fv/F0、Fv/Fm、F0、Fm随棉花生育进程的推进逐渐降低;植株群体叶面积指数、地上部生物量与顶二叶荧光参数F0、Fm、Fs、F0′、Fm′呈极显著相关,相关系数在0.84以上;叶绿素含量与荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv′/Fm′相关性较好,相关系数在0.710~0.877之间,模型的决定系数均在0.5以上;类胡萝卜素含量与Fv′的相关性最好,相关系数为0.892。在构建的叶绿素荧光参数与棉花生长指标的反演模型中,荧光参数Fm与植株地上部生物量的模型（y=186.17e-0.001x）精度最好,决定系数达0.907。利用荧光参数构建的模型可对滴灌棉花顶二叶叶绿素含量、群体叶面积指数及地上部生物量进行估测。 相似文献
3.
为探究干旱-复水环境下夏玉米苗期的生理调节机制,采用桶栽的方式,设置3个水分处理：正常处理(CK) :75%~85%θf（田间持水量）,轻度胁迫(W1) :60%~70%θf,中度胁迫(W2) :50%~60%θf;设置3个胁迫时长,7 d(T1)、10 d(T2)、13 d(T3);于胁迫与复水期间测定夏玉米苗期叶片的渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶及光合指标。结果表明：在轻度和中度胁迫下,脯氨酸(Pro)含量呈先增大后减小趋势,第3天达到峰值,相较于CK分别提高32.7%、44.1%;复水后,胁迫10 d处理的Pro累积量高于胁迫7 d的处理,而胁迫13 d无明显累积效应。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在胁迫期间呈先增大后减小趋势,第3天达到峰值,相较于CK分别提高22.0%、12.4%;复水后活性增强,且胁迫13 d处理的SOD活性高于胁迫10 d和胁迫7 d处理。过氧化物酶(POD)活性在轻度胁迫处理下呈先增大后减少趋势,在第3天达到峰值,相较于CK提高28.5%,而在中度胁迫处理下POD活性呈减小趋势,且低于CK;复水后酶活性均恢复至正常处理水平。丙二醛(MDA)含量在胁迫期间呈增高趋势,且胁迫时长越长,增幅越大,在胁迫13 d处理下,中度和轻度胁迫下的MDA含量相较于CK分别提高140%和281%;复水后胁迫缓解,所有处理组的MDA含量均恢复至正常处理水平。在轻度和中度胁迫下,夏玉米的净光合速率、气孔导度以及蒸腾速率分别为CK的92.5%和77.7%、93.9%和74.3%、87.9%和74.5%,光合作用受到限制;复水后,中度胁迫处理表现出光合补偿效应,光合指标值均高于其他处理。研究表明,持续10 d维持土壤50%~60%θf较利于夏玉米生长,其复水后出现显著的光合补偿效应。 相似文献
4.
覆盖栽培模式对冬小麦花后旗叶 光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探究旱地小麦秸秆带状覆盖栽培增产的光合特性和干物质积累转运的特征,在甘肃省半干旱雨养农业区以“陇中2号”为材料,研究了秸秆带状覆盖栽培（BS）、地膜覆盖栽培 （PF）和无覆盖露地栽培（CK）3种栽培模式下冬小麦花后旗叶光合特征、叶绿素荧光动力参数、干物质积累转运及产量的差异。结果表明：与CK相比,BS和PF显著提高了花后旗叶光合势、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量及叶绿素/类胡萝卜素比率,且BS在生育后期优于PF。BS整个生育期的净光合速率、气孔导度均高于CK,而PF仅生育前期发挥正效应,生育中、后期出现了负效应。BS生育前中期胞间CO2浓度、生育中后期旗叶瞬时水分利用效率均高于PF和CK,前者分别高出2.8%~8.2%和6.7%~11.3%,后者分别高出30.3%~44.8%和27.5%~39.3%。PF在灌浆中期以前,BS在整个花后生育期显著提高了小麦花后旗叶Fv/Fm、F′v/F′m、ΦPSⅡ、qP、ETR,降低了NPQ。BS较PF和CK显著提高了花后干物质输入籽粒量和对籽粒粒重的贡献率,2个指标分别增加2.6%、1.0%和14.2%、8.6%。BS显著增加了单位面积穗数,提高了产量,较CK增产35.4%。说明秸秆带状覆盖能显著改善旱地冬小麦花后光合效率,促进干物质积累转运,从而达到增产的效果。 相似文献
5.
以甘肃省农业科学院自育品种陇藜1号（L-1）、2号（L-2）、3号（L-3）和4号（L-4）及外引品种白藜（BL）幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽人工控水法,共设置轻度干旱胁迫（LD,土壤含水量为田间持水量的50%~60%）、中度干旱胁迫（MD,土壤含水量为田间持水量的30%~40%）和重度干旱胁迫（SD,土壤含水量为田间持水量的10%~20%）3个水分梯度,以正常浇水为对照（CK,土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%~80%）,干旱胁迫15 d后,通过测定幼苗株高、根长、生物量及叶片叶绿素含量、初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光（Fm）、PSⅡ最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、PSⅡ潜在活性（Fv/Fo）及非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）,研究干旱胁迫对藜麦幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明：（1）随干旱胁迫程度的加剧,参试藜麦品种幼苗株高、地上部分鲜重和地上部分干重呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,SD处理下,各供试品种株高分别降低了30.64%、28.36%、32.67%、37.88%和38.09%,地上部分鲜重分别下降了63.60%、6073%、59.74%、55.92%和61.74%,地上部分干重分别下降了62.96%、52.63%、29.41%、35.71%和60.00%;（2）5个藜麦品种幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素及叶绿素a/b随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧而呈现先升高后降低的趋势,SD处理下,品种L-2、L-3和L-4叶绿素a分别比CK降低了28.48%、33.66%和17.99%,叶绿素b分别比CK降低了47.80%、45.08%和13.90%,总叶绿素含量分别比CK降低了33.22%、36.20%和15.99%;（3）随干旱胁迫程度的加剧,各供试藜麦品种Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo均呈下降趋势,SD处理下,各供试品种Fo分别较CK下降了30.61%、14.56%、31.28%、24.39%、24.16%,Fm下降了19.11%、16.56%、16.76%、17.67%、22.19%,Fv/Fm分别下降了5.73%、4.29%、7.81%、4.58%和3.85%,Fv/Fo分别下降了19.40%、14.93%、24.02%、11.34%和12.11%;（4）5个供试品种叶片NPQ随干旱胁迫程度的加剧呈升高趋势,SD处理下,各供试品种NPQ较CK升高了74.79%、161.54%、104.55%、200.00%和196.00%。综上所述说明中度和重度干旱胁迫下,植物细胞失水,叶绿体遭到破坏,光合作用降低,叶绿素合成受到抑制,光合产物减少,从而抑制幼苗生长,地上部分生物量下降。在幼苗生长和叶绿素荧光特性等方面,藜麦品种L-2表现优于其他品种,表明其在干旱胁迫下较其他供试品种具有更强的适应能力。 相似文献
6.
为了研究马铃薯EPFL9/StSTOMAGEN基因在气孔发育过程中的功能,从马铃薯品种大西洋中克隆得到气孔密度表皮模式因子StSTOMAGEN,将其通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,在拟南芥中异位表达,对该基因的表达特性及功能进行分析。结果显示：StSTOMAGEN主要定位于细胞间隙和细胞核,并且它在顶端未展开叶中表达最多,表达量在1 d中呈现周期性变化,长日照条件下（16 h/8 h,光/暗）,在授时因子为20 h时表达量最高;聚乙二醇（PEG）模拟干旱胁迫处理4 h后其表达量达到最高,而脱落酸（ABA）和NaCl胁迫处理后,其表达水平呈现出持续降低的趋势。功能鉴定表明,过表达StSTOMAGEN基因的拟南芥（ST）相对于野生型（WT）气孔密度增大63%~83%,光合速率增大36%~42%。此外,ST植株离体叶片的水分散失速率增大24%~55%,离体叶片H2O2含量也显著升高,约为野生型的50%~100%。干旱胁迫下,ST株系的光合速率、Fv/Fm和瞬时水分利用效率都显著低于野生型,其中光合速率降低55%~66%,Fv/Fm降低22%~50%,瞬时水分利用效率降低11%~12%。综上结果可知,表皮模式因子StSTOMAGEN通过正调控气孔密度而降低植物的抗旱性,该结果为后期通过基因编辑技术降低StSTOMAGEN基因的表达,培育抗旱节水型马铃薯新品种奠定理论基础。 相似文献
7.
以2 a生盆栽岳冠/辽砧2号/山定子、岳冠/GM256/山定子、岳冠/77-34/山定子和岳冠/山定子为试验材料,研究在正常供水、轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫和重度干旱胁迫下,不同中间砧对‘岳冠’叶片光合特性、快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数及动力学曲线（OJIP）的影响。结果表明：轻度干旱胁迫可提高岳冠/山定子的叶绿素a（6.3%）、叶绿素a+b（5.9%）、Pn（9.7%）和4种砧穗组合的WUE（73.0%、116.1%、155.3%、105.7%）,中度和重度干旱胁迫可降低4种砧穗组合的Pn（1219.2%、938.5%、786.7%、583.3%和8475.0%、9826.5%、1895.1%、1384.4%）、Gs（813.0%、875.4%、866.5%、508.3%和1066.7%、592.1%、852.1%、1274.4%）和Tr（783.3%、695.0%、795.2%、356.8%和527.7%、341.7%、403.6%、692.2%）,增加了Ci（49.3%、48.3%、53.0%、51.5%和83.1%、108.5%、67.0%、55.2%）;另外,经过OJIP曲线分析,中度和重度干旱胁迫曲线中明显出现了K相,J相值也显著升高,且随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,各砧穗组合叶绿素荧光参数中Fo、WK和VJ逐渐增加,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、PIabs、PItotal、ABS/CSm、TRo/CSm、ETo/CSm和RC/CSm逐渐降低。中度和重度干旱胁迫导致PSⅡ供体侧、受体侧和反应中心受到不同程度破坏,造成电子传递受阻,降低叶片光能吸收利用率, 同时也使PSI遭到破坏,从而打破两个光系统的协调性,岳冠/山定子和岳冠/77-34/山定子组合破坏程度显著低于其他组合,说明在干旱胁迫中后期,岳冠/山定子和岳冠/77-34/山定子组合的抗旱性强于另外两种组合。 相似文献
8.
干旱和复水对两种葡萄砧木叶片光合和叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用盆栽称重控水法,干旱胁迫处理1103P和101-14M两种砧木,处理21 d后复水,分别测定干旱处理0、7、14、21 d及复水第7、14 天,葡萄砧木叶片光合和叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示：干旱胁迫后,1103P和101-14M的净光合速率(Pn)均逐渐降低,101-14M的Pn降幅大于1103P,短时间干旱胁迫引起两种砧木Pn降低的主要因素是气孔限制,而长时间干旱胁迫后Pn降低主要是非气孔限制。随着干旱胁迫的持续,1103P和101-14M的初始荧光产量(Fo)呈增加趋势,但101-14M的增幅大于1103P,说明干旱胁迫后101-14M的光反应中心受损害程度大于1103P;复水后1103P和101-14M两种砧木的Pn值逐渐增加,复水第7天,二者分别为对照的83.20%和66.31%,复水第14天,分别为对照的107.30%和88.43%; 复水后1103P和101-14M两种砧木的Fo值呈现逐渐降低趋势,复水后第7天,1103P和101-14M 的Fo值为对照的102.95%和109.60%,复水后第14天,1103P和101-14M Fo为对照的101.56%和101.81%,说明复水后1103P和101-14M两种砧木受损的光合反应中心得到了修复,光合速率也逐渐恢复,1103P复水后恢复生长的能力高于101-14M。 相似文献
9.
为探讨信号分子过氧化氢(H2O2)对干旱胁迫下裸燕麦生理响应的调控机制,以砂培白燕7号幼苗为材料,研究了喷施0.01 mmol·L-1 H2O2对17.8%聚乙二醇6000模拟的干旱胁迫下叶片光合特性、活性氧代谢、渗透调节物质积累和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：喷施H2O2后,干旱胁迫下的裸燕麦幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量和叶绿素a/b较对照(喷H2O后干旱胁迫)分别提高了20.0%、12.9%、18.5%、8.1%和24.3%,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和水分利用效率分别提高了20.6%、25.9%、12.0%和33.8%,蒸腾速率降低了9.7%;喷施H2O2还使干旱胁迫下裸燕麦幼苗叶片的过氧化氢酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和抗坏血酸含量分别提高了113.5%、102.9%和13.8%,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性及O—[KG-1][JX*3]·[JX-*3]2、H2O2、丙二醛含量和细胞膜相对透性分别下降了21.5%、60.4%、29.3%、38.4%、19.7%和14.2%,可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量分别上升了10.5%、40.3%、13.8%和17.2%,幼苗株高、根长、植株鲜重、植株干重和相对含水量分别提高了14.8%、25.0%、20.1%、11.0%和5.93 %,但谷胱甘肽含量没有显著变化。表明外源H2O2能够通过降低膜脂过氧化程度和促进渗透溶质积累,改善叶片光合功能和植株水分状况,从而减轻干旱对裸燕麦幼苗生长的抑制,增强裸燕麦的抗旱性。 相似文献
10.
选取塔里木河上游不同地下水位的样地作为研究点,利用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪测定了不同地下水位下胡杨、灰胡杨的叶绿素荧光特性和PSⅡ光合活性.结果表明:随地下水位下降,胡杨、灰胡杨表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、光化学速率(PCR)、最大荧光(Fm)和PSⅡ潜在光合活性等参数普遍降低；而非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、调节性能量耗散量子产量(YNPQ)、非调节性能量耗散量子产量(YNO)、叶片光合功能相对限制值(PED)和光系统间激发能分配不平衡偏离系数(β/α-1)显著升高,但其最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)总体处于相对适宜状态(＞0.815)。表明两树种PSⅡ光合活性随地下水位下降而降低,光能捕获效率与光化学反应能量下降,耐受强光能力减弱,获取过剩光能程度和PSⅡ受损风险增加。但两树种可通过良好的抗逆性和自我调节机制,增强热耗散来缓解光能过剩带来的损伤,从而使PSⅡ未发生不可逆损伤,保持其较高的光合效率。比较不同地下水位下胡杨和灰胡杨的叶绿素荧光参数发现,胡杨PSⅡ反应中心活性与光化学效率较高、耐旱性较强,表明胡杨对荒漠干旱环境的适应性强于灰胡杨。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
14.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
20.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献