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PJ O'Hara 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(11)
Extract Madam:- I appreciate the opportunity to comment on Mr Wallace's letter concerning the possible risks of disastrous results consequent upon too early withdrawal of vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain 19. He is certainly not alone in expressing this concern. 相似文献
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C. M. KEARNEY P. R.
Van WEEREN B. P. M. CORNELISSEN P.
Den BOON P. A. J. BRAMA 《Equine veterinary journal》2010,42(6):547-551
Reasons for performing study: The flexion test is used routinely as part of lameness and prepurchase examinations. However, little is known about the mechanisms that cause a positive response to a flexion test. Objective: To determine which anatomical regions play a role in a positive outcome of a flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse. Methods: Eight clinically sound Dutch Warmblood horses were subjected to a standardised flexion test (force 250 N, time 60 s) inducing a consistent lameness. To discriminate between different areas of the distal aspect of a forelimb, effects of various nerve blocks on the outcome of the flexion test were investigated. Low palmar digital, palmar at the abaxial aspects of the base of the proximal sesamoids, high palmar, ulnar and low 4‐point nerve blocks were performed. Flexion test induced lameness was scored before and after each nerve block in separate sessions. Results: The low palmar digital nerve blocks and nerve blocks of the palmar nerves at the abaxial aspect of the base of the proximal sesamoid bones had no significant effect on the flexion test induced lameness score. The ulnar, high palmar and, most dramatically, the low 4‐point nerve blocks all caused a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the flexion test induced lameness score. Conclusions: Anatomical structures (soft tissue nor synovial structures) located distal to the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute only minimally to the outcome of a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a clinically nonlame horse. The structures in the region of, and including, the metacarpophalangeal joint appear to contribute most to a positive flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb in a nonlame horse. Potential relevance: The flexion test of the distal aspect of a forelimb may be sensitive for investigating the metacarpophalangeal joint region in horses free from lameness, but may be less relevant for structures distal to this region. 相似文献
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Extract With the conclusion of the Dannevirke trial, the Veterinary Services Council (V.S.C.) completed a valuable series of pilot studies in dairy cattle, beef cattle and sheep. The results of these trials all showed outstanding advantages to be gained from the use of intensive advice provided to farmers on a regular basis. 相似文献
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Valerie S.M. Jonckheer-Sheehy Catherine J. Delesalle Antoon Jan M. van den Belt Robin van den Boom 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(6):380-385
Behavior problems in horses are often thought to be due to the horse’s bad attitude, which commonly results in them being punished. However, when these cases are carefully worked up, there may be an underlying physical problem, and pain may play an important role. A 5-year-old Dutch Warmblood mare was presented for rearing and flipping over backward. The mare had been repeatedly examined by an equine veterinarian and a nonveterinarian equine dentist who found no abnormalities. Several different bits were tried, and side reins were used to keep her head down. The mare was whipped every time she reared. None of these measures helped. On presentation to our equine teaching hospital, no abnormalities were detected on routine physical examination. The behavior was observed when the mare was lunged; as soon as a small amount of tension was put on the lunge rein, the mare shook her head horizontally for approximately 1-2 seconds, reared, and flipped over onto her back. Neurological examination revealed that the mare was slow to resume a normal stance when her hind legs were placed in an abnormal position. Dental examination and endoscopy of the upper airways proved unremarkable. Radiography of the atlanto-occipital joint area revealed fractures of the first and second cervical vertebrae and fracture fragments, which are both suggestive for the presence of cervical instability and the possible presence of spinal cord compression. These suggestions were further supported by identification of delayed postural reflexes during neurological examination. The mare was deemed unfit for dressage and was successfully kept for breeding. Horses are frequently punished for “bad behavior.” These behaviors are frequently due to underlying physical problems and not a “nasty” horse. This case highlights the importance of careful history taking and a thorough veterinary examination with the use of further diagnostics (if necessary) when dealing with equine behavior problems. 相似文献
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Use of visual cues to locate specific food resources from a distance is a critical ability of animals foraging in a spatially heterogeneous environment. However, relatively little is known about how long animals can retain the learned cue–reward association without reinforcement. We compared feeding behavior of experienced and naive Japanese Black cows (Bos taurus) in discovering food locations in a pasture. Experienced animals had been trained to respond to a visual cue (plastic washtub) for a preferred food (grain‐based concentrate) 1 year prior to the experiment, while naive animals had no exposure to the cue. Cows were tested individually in a test arena including tubs filled with the concentrate on three successive days (Days 1–3). Experienced cows located the first tub more quickly and visited more tubs than naive cows on Day 1 (usually P < 0.05), but these differences disappeared on Days 2 and 3. The performance of experienced cows tended to increase from Day 1 to Day 2 and level off thereafter. Our results suggest that Japanese Black cows can associate a visual cue with a food reward within a day and retain the association for 1 year despite a slight decay. 相似文献