共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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<正> 鹰嘴紫云英是一种适应性很广泛的多年生根茎型豆科牧草。它在酸性或碱性土壤上的适应能力比苜蓿强。不会引起放牧家畜的臌胀病。据研究表明,鹰嘴紫云英产量和质量都很好。在蒙大拿州灌溉条件下进行的刈割试验指出:鹰嘴紫云英产量和苜蓿、百脉根及小冠花产草量差不多。据报道,鹰嘴紫云英蛋白质含量等于或高于苜蓿、红三叶、杂三叶和红豆草。 相似文献
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白三叶混播草地放牧反刍家畜臌胀病的防治技术措施 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
白三叶与禾本科牧草的混播草地是最广泛的放牧人工草地,但会引起反刍家畜臌胀病而造成重大损失。建植时合理的豆禾比例是预防臌胀病的前提条件,施肥是调节豆禾比例的重要手段。循序渐进的放牧和延长放牧时间可减少发病率。在防治上以预防为主,一旦发病则治标为主、标本兼治。 相似文献
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<正> 豆科、禾本科牧草混播栽培饲料作物的人很多,其中大部分人为了获得优质的干草或青贮,往往仅单播苜蓿,然而根据情况,禾草也是可以有效利用的。在混播草地放牧时,禾草可减少家畜患臌胀病的危险。在陡坡上部种植苜蓿时,若有禾草混杂在内,可减少侵蚀的危险。禾草在冬季很少枯死,与苜蓿混播时,苜蓿在冬季很难高出禾草,这样苜蓿也就不易枯死。 相似文献
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一、防中毒。在采集野草、野菜作饲料时 ,应剔除有害、有毒植物 ,如 :曼陀罗、毛耳眼、毒芹、苍耳等。为防止亚硝酸盐中毒 ,在用白菜、优质牧草等青饲料饲喂畜禽时 ,应控制用量 ;喂猪、鸡时 ,饲料不宜闷煮或堆积 ;放牧或采集饲料时 ,应严防农药中毒。另外 ,农作物的幼苗 ,如玉米苗等含氢氰酸较多 ,为防止氢氰酸中毒 ,应晒干后少用或不用。二、防臌胀病。牛羊等反刍家畜采食过多的豆科牧草 ,如苜蓿、柴云英、毛苕子等 ,容易导致臌胀病 ,严重的可引起死亡。所以 ,应用豆科牧草 ,要控制用量 ;采食带有露 (雨 )水的豆科牧草 ,也易导致臌胀病。所… 相似文献
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放牧苜蓿品种选育研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
苜蓿放牧草地以其成本相对低(与干草型苜蓿草地相比)、营养价值高、放牧家畜生产性能优异得到了家畜生产者的青睐。长期以来苜蓿的利用一直是以生产干草为主。多数干草型品种的耐牧性并不好，因此选育耐牧性强的苜蓿品种是育种家的重要目标。国外1990年后推出的耐牧性品种不仅耐牧性强。且抗病虫害能力强、产草量高、适口性好。为此。从放牧型苜蓿品种的特点、选育指标、选育过程及放牧苜蓿品种的评价体系等方面。综述了放牧型苜蓿育种的研究进展，为今后我国放牧型苜蓿品种的选育提供指导。 相似文献
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<正> 有些豆科牧草,特别是紫花苜蓿、白三叶、红三叶和地三叶会引起放牧牛的臌胀病,而另外一些豆科牧草,如红豆草(Onob-rychis vicicfolia)和百脉根(Lotus corni-culatis)不会引起臌胀病。最近研究已证实不引起臌胀病的豆科牧草在其叶里能产生一种凝缩类丹宁(黄烷醇聚合物形式的蛋白质沉淀剂),而能诱发臌胀病的豆科牧草叶里却 相似文献
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J W Hall I Walker W Majak 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1994,35(11):702-705
Poloxalene and a mineral mixture feed supplement patented for the treatment of emphysema, polyarthritis, and other pectin related diseases were tested in two trials for their ability to prevent bloat in cattle fed fresh alfalfa. Each trial had a crossover design using three Jersey steers with rumen fistulas per group. Each trial period continued until the total number of cases of bloat reached > or = 24. Treatments were given at 0800 each day. The mineral mixture was given at 100 g/d and 190 mg/kg body weight per day in the first and second trials, respectively. Poloxalene, which was tested only in the second trial, was given at 23 mg/kg body weight per day. Each group of steers was then fed 200 kg of freshly harvested alfalfa in the vegetative to early bloom stages of growth at 0830. In the first trial, only 69% as many cases of bloat occurred on the mineral mixture as on the control treatment, but no significant difference was detected in the second trial. The potency of the alfalfa may have been higher in the second trial, when forage dry matter was lower, magnesium and soluble nitrogen were higher, and bloat occasionally occurred twice a day. Bloat did not occur when the steers were treated with poloxalene. In these trials, poloxalene was completely effective in preventing bloat, but the mineral mixture was only partially so. 相似文献
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MB Allworth M McQuillan SR McGrath CS Wilson M Hernandez-Jover 《Australian veterinary journal》2023,101(3):121-126
Frothy bloat, associated predominantly with grazing legume-based pastures, is considered the second most costly disease in beef cattle in southern Australia, costing $84.4 M annually. It frequently results in the sudden death of cattle. In response to concerns from cattle producers, an online survey was conducted in southern Australia in late 2020 to determine the impact of bloat, identify risk factors and determine the efficacy of current preventive measures. For 217 responses, over two-thirds (70%) of producers reported bloat occurring in the previous 12 months, with estimated morbidity and mortality rates of 3.7% and 5.0% respectively. Bloat was associated with clover or clover-dominant paddocks (79%) and was not associated with grass or grass-dominant pastures or low clover pastures (92%) nor grazing crops (27%). For bloat that occurred in the past 12 months, cattle were very commonly grazing on clover or clover-dominant paddocks (90%) and occasionally lucerne-dominated paddocks (7%). Two-thirds of producers reported having preventive measures in place when losses occurred. Bayesian Network analysis confirmed that grazing clover-based pastures for more than 7 days, yearling cattle and the months of July–September were the main risk factors for bloat occurrence, with pasture type (clover) being the most important. Conversely, no clear relationship between weather conditions and bloat occurrence was evident. This survey highlights the known risk of clover-based pastures for causing bloat in cattle, and that losses occur in many cases despite preventive measures being used. This suggests that current methods for preventing bloat in cattle are suboptimal. 相似文献
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Research was conducted to determine the effects of level of supplementation with quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on in vitro ruminal fluid gas production, in vivo ruminal fluid protein fractions, bloat dynamics, and ADG of steers grazing winter wheat. Two experiments were conducted to 1) enumerate the effect of ruminal fluid from steers fed quebracho CT (0, 1, and 2% CT/kg of DMI) on in vitro gas and methane production from minced fresh wheat forage; and 2) quantify the influence of CT supplementation on ruminal protein characteristics, biofilm complexes, bloat potential, and ADG of steers grazing wheat pasture. Eighteen ruminally cannulated steers (386 +/- 36 kg of BW) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatments that included a control (water infusion) and 2 CT treatment levels (1 or 2% CT/kg of DMI). Treatments were administered daily (63 d) through the rumen cannula as pre-mixes with warm water (approximately 30 degrees C). Rumen contents were collected 2 h postinfusion (at 1030 to 1130) on d 0, 20, 40, 50, and 60. Bloat was visually scored daily for 5 d each wk. In Exp. 1, supplementation of CT decreased the rate of in vitro gas production in a dose-dependent response. In Exp. 2, ADG increased (P < 0.04) at both levels of CT supplementation. Mean bloat score across stage of growth and replicates decreased linearly with increasing CT supplementation; bloat scores were greater (P < 0.001) for the vegetative than for the reproductive stage of plant growth. Biofilm production and rumen fluid protein fractions varied among CT treatments and stage of growth. Addition of CT reduced the severity of bloat, principally through reducing microbial activities, biofilm production, and ruminal gas production. Quebracho CT is potentially a value-added supplement that can decrease the impacts of frothy bloat and increase BW gains in stocker cattle-wheat systems. 相似文献
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AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid formulation of monensin in reducing bloat score in milking cows grazing pasture. METHODS: A Friesian x Jersey crossbred herd which had been genetically selected for high bloat susceptibility since 1973 was used in this study. Two trials were conducted, each involving two groups of 15 cows, randomly allocated to Treated or Control groups. Trial 1 involved twice-daily administration of a novel liquid formulation of monensin given to Treated cows at morning and afternoon milkings. Trial 2 involved once-daily administration of the same product to Treated cows at the morning milking only. Control cows received no preventative treatment. The total daily dose of monensin in each trial was 300 mg per cow, given in a total volume of 100 ml of liquid. Animals were scored for bloat twice-daily whilst grazing on white-clover/ryegrass or red-clover pastures. The scoring system used a scale of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3, representing scores of increasing bloat severity as assessed by palpation of abdominal pressure on the left and right sides of the cow. RESULTS: In Trial 1, severe bloat was recorded at 9 out of 23 scoring sessions. Twelve Control cows required therapeutic treatment for bloat on at least one day, compared to 3 cows in the Treated group (p=0.003). In Trial 2, severe bloat in 3 of 9 scoring sessions led to 8/15 Control animals requiring therapeutic treatment compared to 1/14 cows in the Treated group (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Oral drenching with the liquid formulation of monensin tested was effective in reducing bloat score in milking cows grazed on pasture. 相似文献
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E.J. Batham 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(3):74-76
dAim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a liquid formulation of monensin in reducing bloat score in milking cows grazing pasture. dMethods: AFriesian x Jersey crossbred herd which had been genetically selected for high bloat susceptibility since 1973 was used in this study. Two trials were conducted, each involving two groups of 15 cows, randomly allocated toTreated or Control groups.Trial 1 involved twice-daily administration of a novel liquid formulation of monensin given toTreated cows at morning and afternoon milkings. Trial 2 involved once-daily administration of the same product toTreated cows at the morning milking only. Control cows received no preven tative treatment. The total daily dose of monensin in each trial was 300 mgper cow, given in a total volume of 100 ml of liquid. Animals were scored for bloat twice-daily whilst grazing on white-clover/ryegrass or red-clover pastures. The scoring system used a scale of 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3, representing scores of increasing bloat severity as assessed by palpation of abdominal pressure on the left and right sides of the cow. dResults: In Trial 1, severe bloat was recorded at 9 out of 23 scoring sessions.Twelve Control cows required therapeutic treatment for bloat on at least one day, compared to 3 cows in theTreated group (p=0.003). In Trial 2, severe bloat in 3 of 9 scoring sessions led to 8/15 Control animals requiring therapeutic treatment compared to 1/14 cows in theTreated group (p=0.02). dConclusions: Oral drenching with the liquid formulation of monensin tested was effective in reducing bloat score in milking cows grazed on pasture. 相似文献
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Monensin controlled-release intraruminal capsule for control of bloat in pastured dairy cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LB LOWE GJ BALL VR CARRUTHERS† RC DOBOS‡ GA LYNCH PJ MOATE PR POOLE† SC VALENTINE 《Australian veterinary journal》1991,68(1):17-20
Monensin, a polyether ionophore antibiotic, is potentially an important agent for bloat relief in dairy cows grazing temperate legume-based pasture. A series of studies was undertaken to determine the effect of monensin, when delivered continuously in the rumen of lactating dairy cows by means of controlled-release capsules (monensin CRC). Such devices release approximately 300 mg/head/day for 100 d. A short-term pilot study made at Ruakura, New Zealand, tested monensin CRC in cows selected for high susceptibility to bloat and grazing lucerne (Medicago sativa) or red clover (Trifolium pratense). Treatment significantly reduced the incidence of bloat, while milk yield and protein yield were increased. There was no effect on fat yield. Following the pilot study, 6 large-scale field experiments involving a total of 368 lactating dairy cows, were made in Australia and New Zealand to confirm the effectiveness of monensin CRC for bloat control and to measure the effect of such treatment on milk production and composition. A severe bloat problem occurred in 2 experiments, mild bloat occurred in 2 others, while no visual signs of bloat were observed in the remaining 2 experiments. Bloat was significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced by monensin CRC treatment when data was pooled over the 4 experiments in which bloat occurred. Daily milk yield was increased in all experiments from a mean of 17.7 in untreated groups to 18.8 kg/head/day (P less than 0.05) in monensin CRC-treated cows. Protein percentage was not affected by treatment, while there was a decrease from 4.29 to 4.10% fat, although total fat yield was not affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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本研究旨在探讨紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）混播草地放牧利用的生产潜力和集成全草型集约化肉羊放牧育肥技术模式。2017-2018年，在位于河北省廊坊市的中国农业科学院国际农业高新技术产业园内开展了2年羔羊育肥的划区轮牧试验，研究了紫花苜蓿混播草地的地上生物量、育肥羊增重以及羊肉品质的变化规律。结果表明：混播草地地上生物量超过11.2 tDM·hm-2，5月份紫花苜蓿混播草地的粗蛋白为20.92%，每公顷紫花苜蓿混播草地可满足51只育肥羊、放牧育肥150天，每只增重30 kg所需的干物质、代谢能和粗蛋白三个方面的全部需求。与此同时，紫花苜蓿混播草地还可以显著增加羊肉中欧米伽3型多不饱和脂肪酸的含量，n-6/n-3比例为2.72，羊肉健康品质显著提高。以紫花苜蓿混播草地为基础的全草型肉羊放牧育肥技术具有广阔的应用前景，对我国苜蓿产业以及草地畜牧业发展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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