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1.
The prediction of grain and stover quality parameters in maize {Zea mays L.) by near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was studied. A total of 110 grain and 135 stover samples originating from different genotypes and environments were assayed. Calibration equations for content of crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), starch (ST), and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in grain were obtained by multiple linear regression of known manual values on NIRS data from the odd numbered samples. Calibrations for CP, acid detergent fibre (ADF), in vitro digestible organic matter according to the Tilley & Terry (IVDOM-T & T) and the gas production (IVDOM-Gp) method, respectively, and metabolizable energy (ME) in stover were developed analogously. Equations were validated with the evennumbered .samples and for ME additionally with the 1584 stover samples from an experiment with 66 F1 hybrids tested in six environments. The coefficients of multiple determination (R2) of the prediction equations ranged from 0.80 for IVDOM-Gp and ME in stover to 0.94 for CP in grain. Standard errors of calibration (SEC) and prediction (SEP) were in most cases not higher than commonly reported for conventional manual assays. With regard to the correct ranking of hybrids, prediction equations for ME applied well to stover samples from other environments with one exception. We concluded that NIRS can evaluate the quality traits investigated to a similar degree to that of conventional methods of analysis. Since NIRS is simple and safe to operate and allows rapid screening of several quality traits simultaneously, it should be particularly attractive for breeding purposes. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative trait loci mapping of forage stover quality traits in six mapping populations derived from European elite maize germplasm 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pengfei Leng Milena Ouzunova Matthias Landbeck Gerhard Wenzel Joachim Eder Birte Darnhofer Thomas Lübberstedt 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(2):139-147
Four forage maize stover quality traits were analysed including in vitro digestibility of organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and digestibility of NDF (DNDF). We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) in three DH (doubled haploid) populations (totally 250–720 DH lines): one RIL population (358 lines) and two testcross (TC) populations, based on field phenotyping at multiple locations and years for each. High phenotypic and genotypic correlations were found for all traits and significant (p < .01) at two locations, and NDF was negatively correlated with the other traits. QTL analyses were conducted by composite interval mapping. A total of 33, 23, 32 and 25 QTL were identified for IVDOM, NDF, WSC and DNDF, respectively, with three, four, five and two major QTL for each. Few consistent QTL for IVDOM, WSC and DNDF were detected in more than two populations. This study contributed to the identification of key QTL associated with forage maize digestibility traits and is beneficial for marker‐assisted breeding and fine mapping of candidate genes associated with forage maize quality. 相似文献
3.
Higher ruminant intake potential and in vivo digestibility as indicated by lower neutral and acid detergent fibre (NDF and ADF), respectively, and higher crude protein (CP), may be valuable targets in tall fescue breeding. Some 105 full‐sib families from a diallel cross of Mediterranean parent germplasm were grown in a heated greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment, to estimate genetic parameters for NDF, ADF, CP and dry matter (DM) yield in one autumn and one winter harvest. Family x harvest interaction was large for NDF and ADF, moderate for CP and absent for DM yield. Additive genetic variance was mostly larger than specific genetic variance, and tended to be small for quality traits and large for DM yield. Narrow‐sense heritability was low for CP and ADF in autumn and moderate to fairly high in the remaining cases. Predicted gains per selection cycle never exceeded 5% for quality traits while being greater than 10% for DM yield. An inverse genetic correlation between DM yield and any quality trait emerged in the presence of sizeable genetic variation. 相似文献
4.
为评定多花黑麦草在生长兔上的营养价值,研究以福建黄兔为对象,对2 个多花黑麦草品种采用全粪收集法进行消化试验。结果表明：福建黄兔生长兔对多花黑麦草‘美克斯’和‘海里克斯’干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、粗纤维（CF）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（ash）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）和无氮浸出物（NFE）的表观消化率分别为：52.67%、82.68%、21.70%、26.58%、28.59%、68.37%、57.69%、71.64%、70.82%、64.38%和50.45%、79.53%、24.69%、30.45%、32.69%、69.84%、59.38%、70.48%、69.31%、69.30%。其中生长兔对多花黑麦草DM、CP、EE、Ca 和P 的表观消化率较高,对CF的表观消化率较低。 相似文献
5.
Summary The identification of environments suitable for selection should enable plant breeders to test reliably a larger number of genotypes with given resources. This research was undertaken to evaluate discrimination ability (DA) and prediction ability (PA) of eight environments involving two locations. Eckartsweier (Eck) 1 and Voelkenrode (Voe); 2 yer. 1984 (84) and 1985 (85); and two harvests, silage harvest (I) and later (II). It was based on dry matter yield of plant (PDMY), ear (EDMY) and stover (SDMY) and on in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of stover of 12 inbred lines and their 66 diallel crosses in maize (Zea mays L.). Linear regression coefficient of the performance of genotypes in an environment on that averaged across all environments and its degree of determination were used as measures of the DA and PA of environments, respectively. In hybrids, the DA of environments differed significantly for all traits except SDMY and ADL. Environment Eck851 showed better PA (0.63) than other environments for PDMY, EDMY, IVDOM, NDF, and ADF. Among the 12 two-environment combinations. EckI was a better predictor for PDMY, EDMY, IVDOM and NDF (PA0.80). The more productive environments showed better DA and PA for PDMY and FDMY than less productive ones. For IVDOM and NDF the first harvest provided better discrimination and prediction than the second harvest. In inbred lines the DA of environments differed significantly for EDMY only. In the present study, PA and DA seemed to be functions of the environments, PA was improved by combining two environments, and some environments seemed to be suitable for preliminary selection of genotypes for such diverse traits as yield and digestibility. 相似文献
6.
我国常用玉米自交系秸秆品质性状及其相关分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用近红外反射光谱法对我国91份常用普通玉米自交系和11份高油自交系秸秆的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）、粗蛋白（CP）、粗脂肪（EE）、可溶性糖（WSC）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、酸性木质素（ADL）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）7个品质性状进行了分析评价,以探讨秸秆品质性状间的关系以及影响秸秆品质的主要成分。结果表明,各品质性状变异较大,各性状自交系间差异均达极显著水平,IVDMD及其相关品质的含量近似正态分布。不同品质性状变异程度不同,其中WSC含量变异最大,变异系数达33.15%。IVDMD与NDF、ADF、ADL呈极显著负相关,与WSC、EE含量呈极显著正相关,与CP含量显著正相关。影响秸秆品质的性状依次是IVDMD、ADF、NDF、WSC、ADL、CP和EE含量。根据青贮玉米育种的要求,筛选出5份IVDMD和WSC含量高、NDF、ADF含量低的自交系。 相似文献
7.
The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (IVDMD) and neutral detergent fibre (IVNDFD) digestibilities of silages made from whole‐crop pea [Pisum sativum L. (PS)], pea–wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (PW)], pea–barley [Hordeum vulgare L. (PB)] and pea–oat [Avena sativa L. (PO)] mixtures harvested 8 weeks (H8) and 10 weeks (H10) after seeding. Forty‐five days after ensiling, all forages were well ensiled as indicated by low pH and low water‐soluble carbohydrate content and high lactic acid concentration. Regardless of forage type, crude protein (CP) and IVNDFD were higher while starch and acid detergent lignin were lower in H8 than H10. However, harvest date had no effect on neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre of the silages. Within each harvest date, CP was higher while NDF was lower for PS than pea–cereal silages. Differences in CP and fibre fractions between the pea–cereal mixture silages were not consistent for the two harvest dates. The IVDMD of PS was higher than that of the three pea–cereal mixture silages in H8 but was only higher than that of PB in H10. For the pea–cereal mixtures, IVDMD was higher for PO than PB and PW in H8 and was higher for PB than PW in H10. It was concluded that silage from pea monoculture had similar forage yields and a generally higher nutritive value than silages from pea–cereal mixtures. 相似文献
8.
Evaluation of plant species for animal feed requires the quantitative and qualitative comparison of different genotypes. Promising lines of annual legumes comprising seven genotypes of vetche ( Vicia spp.) and chicklings ( Lathyrus spp.) were compared for herbage quality. The content of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in herbage and pods were measured at different stages of plant maturity. The proportion of the leaves to shoots (leafiness) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined. As plants matured IVDMD, CP and leafiness decreased and NDF and ADF increased. For all the genotypes maximum digestible dry matter (DDM) and CP yields were more or less attained at 50–100 % podding. Narbon vetch had the highest DDM. The possible uses of the different genotypes as animal feed are discussed based on the partitioning of the DDM and CP yield as plants matured. 相似文献
9.
基于藏北地区饲草缺乏和草地植被退化等问题,开展野生牧草资源的开发利用研究,驯化筛选适宜藏北高寒区种植的优质乡土早熟禾。选取西藏野生的中亚早熟禾（Poa litwinowiana）、渐尖早熟禾（P. attenuata）和冷地早熟禾（P. crymophila）为材料,以国审栽培品种青海冷地早熟禾（P. crymophila cv. Qinghai）为对照,在海拔4 512m环境条件下完成田间种植,分析比较不同早熟禾的生长特性和营养品质。结果显示,随生育期推进,供试材料地上生物量、株高、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈现逐渐增加的现象,粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量下降。乳熟期3种材料的地上生物量均显著（P<0.05）高于对照品种,其根系生物量大小排序为渐尖早熟禾>中亚早熟禾>冷地早熟禾>对照;冷地早熟禾的粗蛋白含量显著（P<0.05）高于渐尖早熟禾,渐尖早熟禾的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最低。采用熵权赋值法的灰色系统理论对乳熟期不同早熟禾生产性能及营养品质指标进行综合评价,优劣顺序为渐尖早熟禾>冷地早熟禾（野生种）>中亚早熟禾>青海冷地早熟禾（栽培种）。 相似文献
10.
Summary Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is emerging as a potentially useful tool in breeding plants for quality traits. Information is lacking, however, on its use in forage maize (Zea mays L.). The objectives of the present investigation were to evaluate the prediction of digestibility traits of maize stover using NIRS technique and to study the effect of laboratory (Lab) and NIRS assays on the estimates of variation and covariation. Twelve inbred lines, 66 diallel crosses among them and eight hybrid checks were evaluated at silage and grain harvests for 2 years at two agro-climatically diverse locations in the Federal Republic of Germany. Standard methods were used for Lab analysis of in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL). In NIRS evaluation, calibration equations were developed by modified stepwise regression. The standard error of calibration was 2.5, 1.7, 1.4 and 0.4 for IVDOM, NDF, ADF and ADL, respectively. The coefficient of multiple determination was high (0.9) except for ADL. The validation statistics (standard error and correlation coefficient) were similar. In the diallel crosses, the estimates of variation (heritabilities in broad and narrow sense, genotypic and error coefficients of variation), generally, did not vary appreciably and consistently in the comparisons between Lab and NIRS methods particulary at silage harvest. Simple and rank correlations between Lab and NIRS analyses were positive and significant. These correlation coefficients based on the mean performance of the diallel crosses at silage harvest were >0.9 and at least 16 hybrids were common between the two analyses, among the upper one-third or lower one-third (22) hybrids. The study showed that NIRS analysis should be useful in maize breeding programmes wherein a large number of genotypes need to be evaluated.Abbreviations NIRS
near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
- Lab
laboratory
- IVDOM
in vitro digestible organic matter
- NDF
neutral detergent fibre
- ADF
acid detergent fibre
- ADL
acid detergent lignin
- SEC
standard error of calibration
- SEV
standard error of validation
- SD
standard deviation
- r
simple correlation coefficient
- rs
rank correlation coefficient
- R2
coefficient of multiple determination
- hb
2
heritability in broad sense
- hn
2
heritability in narrow sense
- CVg
genotypic coefficient of variation
- CVe
error coefficient of variation
- GCA
general combining ability effect 相似文献
11.
牧草叶作为饲料原料的营养价值分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究旨在测定5种牧草叶片的主要营养成分,分析、评价其氨基酸的营养价值,以期为牧草叶型饲料的开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]各样品的粗蛋白、氨基酸、粗脂肪、钙、磷含量采用常规方法测定,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量采用滤袋法测定;采用必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分及化学评分评价各样品氨基酸营养价值。[结果]结果表明：(1)5种牧草叶片中CP、Ca、NDF和ADF含量的差异较大,其中CP、Ca、NDF含量差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05);水葫芦CP含量最高;2种豆科牧草叶片的CP含量显著高于禾本科牧草叶片,ADF含量则显著低于禾本科牧草叶片。(2)5种牧草叶片氨基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸、必需氨基酸含量丰富;蛋氨酸是5种牧草叶片的共同第一限制性氨基酸。[结论](1)水葫芦、紫花苜蓿、葛藤叶片的CP含量较高,可以作为蛋白饲料原料开发利用。(2)多花黑麦草和杂交狼尾草叶可以作为优质粗饲料进行开发利用。(3)利用5种牧草叶片配制牧草叶型畜禽全价饲料应适当添加蛋氨酸或补充富含蛋氨酸的原料。 相似文献
12.
Effects of Soil Moisture Deficit on Forage Quality, Digestibility, and Protein Fractionation of Kura Clover 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M.B.) is a persistent rhizomatous forage legume with great potential for permanent pastures. The effects of a soil moisture deficit on forage quality, digestibility and protein fractionation of two cultivars of Kura clover (Endura and Rhizo) were investigated in this study for 1 year. The responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were also characterized. Stands of each species were field‐grown and submitted to two soil water regimes promoting soil moisture deficits and well‐watered (i.e. control) conditions. There were no interactions between species and soil water regimes. Soil moisture deficit increased acid detergent fibre (ADF) but reduced acid detergent lignin (ADL) content and consequently increased forage digestibility. It had only minor effects on protein content and fractionation. Species varied for most parameters measured. Kura clover generally had the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ADF and ADL contents, and consequently the greatest digestibility (83.9 %). Species also differed in their crude protein fractionation. Kura clover and red clover had a lower proportion of non‐protein nitrogen (NPN; A fraction) and a greater proportion of true protein (B fraction) (30.9 and 64.5 %, respectively) than alfalfa (36.4 and 57.4 %, respectively). Kura clover also had the lowest proportion (i.e. 4.7 %) of acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP; C fraction) of all species tested. Endura Kura clover often had a higher forage quality than Rhizo. This study confirms that Kura clover produces high‐quality forage and provides the first estimates of protein fractionation in this species. 相似文献
13.
Z. H. Liu H. L. Xie G. W. Tian S. J. Chen C. L. Wang Y. M. Hu J. H. Tang 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(3):279-285
A set of 213 F2:3 families were used to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) on grain yield and the concentrations of three nutrient components in maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. A genetic linkage map was constructed using 189 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, spanning a total of 2003 cM, including 11 linkages, and the families were evaluated under high N and low N conditions at two farm locations. The results indicate that low N conditions may induce an increase in starch concentration, but a decrease in protein levels. Twenty‐six quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for four measured traits in the two N treatments at both locations, including eight QTL for grain yield, seven QTL for oil content, six QTL for protein content and five QTL for starch content. The total number of QTL detected for the four measured traits under high N levels was greater than the QTL detected under low N conditions, and several QTL were identified that specifically expressed under different N conditions. These particular QTL could help provide greater understanding of the genetic basis of N‐usage efficiency. 相似文献
14.
在海拔4 300m的西藏河谷农区,进行了N、P配合施肥对混播燕麦与箭筈豌豆产量及品质影响的研究。结果表明：刈割期为燕麦乳熟期/箭筈豌豆结荚期,混合饲草产量最高,饲草粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量较高,而酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）与中性洗涤纤维（NDF）较低。N、P及其互作对混播燕麦与箭筈豌豆株高、产量、养分含量的影响显著;在相同施P水平下,随着N的增加,干草产量、株高和粗蛋白呈现先增后减的变化趋势;粗脂肪、ADF和NDF含量随氮肥施用量的增加有不同程度的降低;在相同施N水平下,随磷肥施用量的增加,粗蛋白、粗脂肪、ADF呈增加的趋势,而NDF逐渐降低。施用氮（纯N）140kg/hm 2、磷（P2O5）60kg/hm 2处理组合干草产量最高为16 636kg/hm 2,比不施肥对照组增产60.47%;蛋白质含量最高达18.42%。说明N、P施用量分别为140kg/hm 2、60kg/hm 2可作为该地区燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播种植的推荐施肥量。 相似文献
15.
采用“3414”最优回归设计,研究了不同施肥处理对青贮玉米品种‘大京九26号’的产量和营养品质的影响。结果表明,适量增施氮肥对提高青贮玉米鲜重产量和干物质产量的作用大于磷钾肥,并显著提高粗蛋白(CP)含量,对改善酸性洗涤性纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤性纤维(NDF)和脂肪(Fat)含量均有有益作用;钾肥对改善青贮玉米营养品质的作用较小;磷肥的增施对营养品质改善不利;在14个处理中,以N2P1K2处理的综合表现较好。本研究结果为冀西北地区高产、优质青贮玉米的栽培技术的制定奠定理论基础。 相似文献
16.
Summary Genetic relationships of condensed tannins (CT) with other forage quality parameters have not been adequately studied in birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.). The objectives were to bidirectionally select for CT concentration in birdsfoot trefoil to determine selection response and to create populations for examination of genetic relationships of CT with forage quality parameters, principally lignin. High-and low-tannin parental clones were selected from NC-83 birdsfoot trefoil germplasm and intercrossed to produce Syn1 populations. Herbage samples, harvested for two years at two locations, were analyzed from high-tannin, low-tannin, and parental populations for CT concentration, herbage yield, and forage quality parameters. The mean condensed tannin concentrations in the high-and low-tannin populations were 69.3±0.8 and 21.1±0.8 g catechin equivalent (CE) kg-1 dry matter (DM) compared with 36.4±0.8 g CE kg-1 DM in the parental population. The selection response exhibited a quadratic relationship, with selection for increased CT concentration more effective than for reduced CT concentration. Compared with the parental population, acid detergent lignin (ADL) was higher, and crude protein (CP) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations were lower for the high-tannin population and the converse was true for the low-tannin population. Lignin concentration was positively correlated with CT concentration (rg=0.66 P0.01).Abbreviations ADF
acid detergent fiber
- ADL
acid detergent lignin
- CP
crude protein
- CT
condensed tannins
- IVDDM
in vitro digestible dry matter
- NDF
neutral detergent fiber
- NIRS
near infrared reflectance spectroscopy 相似文献
17.
不同茬次的苜蓿干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要：选择装有永久性瘤胃瘘管,体重500 kg 左右并且均处于泌乳后期的3头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛,用尼龙袋法研究了不同茬次苜蓿干草的干物质(DM),粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗涤纤维（NDF),酸性洗涤纤维（ADF),在奶牛瘤胃内的降解变化规律。结果表明:在相同培养时间段内,不同茬次的苜蓿干草CP降解率依次降低(第一茬>第二茬>第三茬>第四茬),差异显著(P<0.05);NDF,ADF,粗脂肪降解率依次升高（第一茬<第二茬<第三茬<第四茬).差异显著（P<0.05)。 相似文献
18.
Summary Variations in feeding value characteristics were studied on a factorial mating design, within a multilocal network. The in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVDDM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), starch, soluble carbohydrate, protein and ash contents were evaluated on whole plant samples. The in vitro digestibility of the non-starch and non-soluble carbohydrate plant part (IVDNSC) was also computed from near infra-red reflectance spectroscopy estimations of IVDDM, starch and soluble carbohydrate contents. Variations due to general combining ability (GCA) were more important, for all traits, than variations due to specific combining ability (SCA). Variations due to the GCA × environment interaction were also sizeable and were partly explained by the earliness of the lines. IVDDM was primarily influenced by the relative proportions of cell walls and starch in the whole plant, which were particularly susceptible to the development stage of the plants, at harvest. When adjusted for earliness, there was generally no significant relation between the line per se value and GCA performance in the biochemical constituent contents of the plant. On the contrary, IVDNSC seemed to be a feeding value trait worth evaluating at the inbred line level. It was also almost independent of the ripening stage and could be easily computed from whole plant samples. IVDNSC, with a simultaneous control of starch content, might be a good selection criterion for evaluating and improving the nutritive value of forage maize. 相似文献
19.
从黑龙江省国家牧草产业技术体系绥化综合试验站的试验田中采集的10 种（每种取7 个样品）紫花苜蓿样品分别采用近红外光谱技术和常规化学测定法,对其含有的粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、脂肪（FAT）、灰分（ASH）、干物质（DM）成分进行了测定,并将测试结果用SPSS 软件进行配对T值分析比较,结果表明：两种方法的X ± S 相近,|t|<0.05,P>0.05,差异不显著。分别计算两种方法的标准偏差（S）和相对标准偏差（RSD）,发现近红外分析方法的值均小于常规化学分析方法。试验结果表明：基于与常规化学方法的比较,近红外方法可以作为一种新的检测方法被使用,值得广泛应用于各种牧草饲养品质的测定与推广。 相似文献
20.
猪粪沼液施用量对水稻农艺性状和青贮品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为就地消纳猪场养殖废弃物沼液,降低环境污染,本试验研究了不同沼液施用量对水稻的农艺性状和青贮品质的影响。设计了常规化肥(CF)、空白对照组(CK)和17个N2~N48不同沼液氮水平施肥组,共19个组。随着沼液施用量的增加,水稻分蘖数有显著增大,生物量呈先增加后降低的趋势,N8施肥组生物量最高。青贮稻的质地、色泽和气味总体评分随着沼液施用量的增大呈先增加后降低的趋势。当沼液施用量超过N240%替代氮肥时,青贮稻的pH有显著升高(P<0.05)。与CF和CK相比,沼液N2~N8施肥组中性洗涤纤维略有降低(P>0.05),但沼液N14、N16、N20、N28、N32、N36、N40和N48施肥组NDF有显著的升高(P<0.05)。不同沼液施肥组靑贮稻的可溶性糖、酸性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白和粗纤维与CF相比均无显著变化。与CF相比,沼液N2~N24（除N14）处理组青贮稻的粗灰分含量没有显著差异(P>0.05),但在沼液氮肥(N280%~N480%)超量施用时,粗灰分含量明显降低(P<0.05)。猪粪沼液肥替代化肥有助于提高水稻的生物量,改善青贮饲用品质,但不宜超量施用。 相似文献