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1.
日粮精料水平对牦牛和黑白花牛营养物利用率的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
25月龄的牦牛和15月龄的黑白花牛各3头，于消化代谢笼内进行三期的消化代谢试验，以测定日粮精料水平对牦牛和黑白花牛营养物利用率的影响及两种牛对营养物消化代谢之差异。三期试验所用日粮的精粗比分别为20∶80，50∶50，和80∶20。所有动物自由采食，自由饮水。用全收集法收集粪尿，常规法分析饲料和粪尿样品中粗蛋白（CP），钙（Ca)和磷（P）。结果表明，两种牛在营养物消化率及能量代谢方面无差异，在低精料日粮条件下，牦牛对日粮中的CP，Ca和P的利用率高于黑白花牛。黑白花牛的CP，Ca和P贮留随精料水平上升而迅速上升，而牦牛的CP和Ca贮留几乎不受精料水平的影响。在干物质（DM）消化率方面两种牛间无差异，它们的DM消化率均随日粮料水平升高而升高。黑白花牛的DM采食量随精料水平升高而升高，牦牛对精料粗料比为50∶50的日粮有最高的采食量。这些结果表明，牦牛和黑白花牛的消化吸收功能无差异，牦牛对高粗料型日粮中的营养物的利用率高于黑白花牛。 相似文献
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用瘤胃尼龙袋技术研究了青藏高原８种常见饲料在牦牛和黑白花牛瘤胃内的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）和干物质（ＤＭ）降解率,分析了２个动物品种间的降解率的差异性。装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的牦牛（平均体重１００ｋｇ）和黑白花牛（平均体重１７０ｋｇ）各２头,以１．５×ＭＥｍ水平饲喂同一基础日粮（精粗比为５０：５０）,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ（精料）和０．０２／ｈ（粗料）。待测料在瘤胃内的培养时间为２ｈ、４ｈ、６ｈ 相似文献
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所谓高能量日粮，是指每千克日粮中含代谢能10．9MJ以上，或日粮中精料占70％以上。全粗料日粮型的架子牛在短期内向精料型日粮过渡。120～150d即可育成商品牛出栏。此法肉牛快速育肥，关键要注意以下几点。 相似文献
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采用单外流连续培养系统研究低和高2种精料水平（20％，80％）与不同稀释率（稀释率为（D）），0．06、0．12和0．18h）对瘤胃发酵和微生物生长效率的影响。每种精料水平设3个稀释率（0．06、0．12和0．18h），每个处理设2个重复。试验结果表明，随着D的增加，日粮营养物质的消化率呈二次曲线趋势（P=0．001—0．006）增加；提高精料水平导致日粮干物质（DM）和有机物质（OM）消化率增加（P=0．001），而中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）消化率下降（P=0．001）。提高D导致发酵液pH显著升高（P=0．001），NH3浓度显著降低（P=0．001）。总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度随D的增加显著下降（P=0．001），但VFA日产生量随D的增加没有显著变化（P〉0．05）。在各种VFA摩尔比例中，乙酸和丁酸的摩尔比例呈二次曲线趋势增加（P=0．001），丙酸的摩尔比例呈二次曲线趋势下降（P：0．001）。随着日粮精料水平的提高，发酵液pH和NH，浓度下降，总VFA浓度及VFA日产生量增加。在各种VFA摩尔比例中，乙酸摩尔比例随精料水平的提高而（P=0．001）下降，但丙酸与丁酸的摩尔比例下降（P=0．001）。随着日粮精料水平的提高，每日微生物氮（N）产量（DMNP）与微生物生长效率（MOEFF）增加；DMNP与MOEFF在D提高时也增加（P=0．001），在D为0．18h时达到最大值（每日微生物氮为1．088g和每千克真可消化有机物产生微生物氮为31．01g）。 相似文献
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选择10头年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳量相近、健康无病的黑白花奶牛（荷斯坦牛）,两两配对后随机分为2组,2组饲喂精料补充料及粗料相同,试验组在精料补充料中加入0.2%的微生物饲料添加剂。试验结果表明,奶牛日粮中加入微生物饲料添加剂能显著提高奶牛的产奶量（P〈0.05）。 相似文献
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糙米与玉米型饲粮对肉猪饲用价值比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了以糙米与玉米分别为主要能量饲料时,2种饲粮对生长育肥猪生产性能、消化代谢、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。结果表明,糙米与玉米型饲粮组生长育肥全期（29kg～90kg）平均日增重分别为715g、703g（P＞0．05）;料重比分别为3．17：1,3．19：1;糙米型饲粮的干物质、有机物质、无氮浸出物、总能的消化率比玉米型饲粮高,其差异达显著水平（P＜0．05）,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪消化率极显著高于玉米型饲粮组（P＜0．01）。糙米型饲粮氮沉积率较玉米型饲粮高22．7％、（P＜0．05）,能量代谢率显著高于玉米饲粮组（P＜0．05）。糙米型饲粮喂猪达上市体重时,其胴体性状及肉品质指标与玉米型饲粮差异不显著（P＞0．05）。 相似文献
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日粮组成对牦犊牛消化和能量代谢的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在海拔３９８０ｍ 的果洛州大武乡对３头牦犊牛分别饲喂１００％的青贮披碱草（Ａ）、４０％精料＋６０％青贮披碱草（Ｂ）、６０％精料＋４０％青贮披碱草（Ｃ）３种不同日粮,按３×３ 拉丁方设计了消化代谢试验。结果表明,１）日粮干物质、有机质、粗蛋白和能量消化率差异显著（P＜０．０５）,粗灰分消化率差异不显著（P＞０．０５）,且随日粮中精料比例的增加,各营养成分的消化率逐渐降低;２）日粮Ｃ 的能量代谢率显著低于日粮Ａ 和日粮Ｂ（P＜０．０５）,但消化能转化为代谢能的效率差异不显著（P＞０．０５）,其平均转化效率为０．７８;３）粪和尿中排出钙差异显著（P＜０．０５）,粪中排出磷差异不显著（P＞０．０５）,而尿中排出磷差异显著（P＜０．０５）;钙存留量随日粮中精料比例的增加而减小,磷存留量在Ａ 日粮下最大。以上结果说明牦犊牛对日粮的消化和能量代谢与其组成密切相关,而且表观消化率随日粮水平的提高而降低,其能量转化率低于生长牦牛和成年牦牛。因此,该结果可为牦犊牛的补饲和快速育肥提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Muhammad SHARIF Muhammad A. SHAHZAD Mahr‐un‐Nisa Muhammad SARWAR 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(6):657-665
This study was conducted to examine the influence of varying dietary cation anion difference (DCAD) on nutrient intake, digestibility, ruminal characteristics, blood acid base status and in situ digestion kinetics in Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐caloric diets having ?110, +110, +220 and +330 mEq/kg dry matter (DM) DCAD were formulated which were represented by A (anionic), LC (low cationic), MC (medium cationic) and HC (high cationic), respectively. These diets were used in four ruminally cannulated Nili Ravi buffalo bulls in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Improved nutrient intake was recorded at high DCAD levels while digestibility remained unaffected. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen, rumen pH, acetate and acetate : propionate ratio were higher in buffalo bulls fed MC and HC diets than those fed A and LC diets. Blood pH and HCO3‐ also tended to increase as DCAD level was increased in the diet. Serum Ca and Cl concentrations were higher in bulls fed A and LC diets whereas serum Mg, P and S remained unaffected. Urine pH increased with increasing DCAD level. Nitrogen intake and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were also higher in bulls fed MC and HC diets. There was a consistent increase in ruminal DM and neutral detergent fiber degradability, rate of disappearance and extent of digestion at high DCAD levels in the diet. However, lag time decreased at high DCAD level. This study indicated that buffalo bulls fed MC and HC diets improved feed intake, ruminal characteristics and digestion kinetics. 相似文献
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粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在研究粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将 １６头体重、年龄、胎次相近的,处于干奶期的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为 ４组,每组 ４头。以常用的粗饲料设计 Ａ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆）、Ｂ（玉米青贮 ＋羊草）、Ｃ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆 ＋羊草）、Ｄ（玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草）４种粗饲料组合的饲粮。结果表明：饲粮Ｄ干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高,显著高于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其次为饲粮Ｂ和饲粮 Ｃ,饲粮 Ａ最低,显著低于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各饲粮的酸性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粗饲料组合显著影响饲粮摄入总能、能量消化率和能量代谢率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ甲烷能占摄入总能比显著低于其他 ３种饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各饲粮的粪氮、尿氮占摄入总氮比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ的氮消化率显著高于饲粮 Ｂ与饲粮 Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且饲粮 Ｂ显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 Ｂ、饲粮 Ｄ的氮利用率显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见,玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草型饲粮的养分消化率、能量和氮的利用均优于其他各饲粮,羊草与玉米秸秆之间存在正组合效应,两者搭配使用可提高玉米秸秆的消化率,优化能量和氮的利用。 相似文献
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T. O. Abegunde A. O. Akinsoyinu 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2011,95(2):192-197
The replacement value of Ficus polita for Panicum maximum was evaluated on 32 female post‐weaned West African dwarfs goats. Ficus polita was fed with P. maximum at different proportions of 0:90 (F. polita:P. maximum), 30:60, 60:30 and 90:0 constituting diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Each diet was supplemented with 10% cassava peels. Dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight of goats was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, crude protein intake per kg metabolic weight was higher (p < 0.05) in animals fed 60% and 90%F. polita than those fed sole P. maximum diet. Daily weight gain of goats fed diet 3 (60%F. polita) was higher (p < 0.05) (27.3 g) than those fed diets 4 (18.9 g), 2 (20.8 g) and the control (6.6 g). Dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre digestibilities were higher (p < 0.05) in goats fed 60%F. polita than those fed other diets, except for DM digestibility which was statistically similar to diets 2 and 4 but higher than those fed diet 1 without F. polita. Organic matter and CP digestibility were highest (72.0 and 65.7% respectively) in animals fed 60%F. polita. Nitrogen retention of goats fed 60%F. polita (diet 3) was higher (p < 0.05) than that obtained with other diets. The results suggest that feeding combination of F. polita and P. maximum at ratio 60:30 respectively has associative effects that can enhance growth rate, feed intake, nutrients digestibility and nitrogen utilization for goat production during dry season in the tropics. 相似文献
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Four ruminally cannulated Nili-Ravi buffalo bulls were used in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design to determine the influence of varying level of ruminally degradable protein (RDP) on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal characteristics, digestibility, blood pH, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and nitrogen (N) balance. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated. The C diet contained 50% RDP while medium, high and very high RDP diets had 66, 82 and 100% RDP of the total crude protein (CP) and were denoted as MRDP, HRDP and VHRDP, respectively. The bulls were fed ad libitum. Nutrients intake decreased linearly with increasing the RDP proportion of total dietary CP. A quadratic effect of RDP on ruminal pH was noticed with increasing level of RDP with quadratic maxima at 66% RDP diet. Increasing level of dietary RDP also had a quadratic effect on total bacterial and protozoal count with maximum microbial count at 82% RDP diet. Increasing dietary RDP resulted in linear increase in DM digestibility. However, neutral detergent fiber digestibility was decreased linearly with increasing the level of dietary RDP. A linear increase in ruminal NH3–N and BUN was noticed due to increasing level of dietary RDP. Higher positive N balance was noticed in bulls fed C diet compared to those fed MRDP, HRDP and VHRDP diets. The findings of this study indicated that buffalo bulls can effectively utilize 13.12% RDP of DM without any adverse effect on rumen and blood parameters. 相似文献
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Effect of virginiamycin on in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation and nitrogen balance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L O Fiems B G Cottyn C V Boucque J M Vanacker F X Buysse 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1990,40(5-6):483-491
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of virginiamycin. Digestibility was determined with wethers, fed a diet of 0.65 maize silage and 0.35 concentrate on a dry matter basis (Experiment I) or a complete dry feed (Experiment II) at maintenance, and with growing bulls fed a maize silage diet ad libitum supplemented with 7.5 g concentrate per kg live weight (Experiment III). Virginiamycin was incorporated at 0 or 65 ppm in the concentrate and 0 or 25 ppm in the complete dry feed. No significant effect on dry or organic matter digestibility was observed, although digestibilities of protein and ether extract were reduced by virginiamycin in experiments I and II, respectively. Rumen fermentation was studied in experiments I and II. Virginiamycin increased acetic acid concentration and reduced butyric acid concentration in experiment I, but exerted no significant effect in experiment II. An interaction between diet type and virginiamycin was found for the C2/C3 ratio. Nitrogen balance, measured in experiment III, was not affected by virginiamycin. 相似文献
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为探讨柠条(Caragana Korshinskii)青贮日粮对羔羊生产性能和消化代谢的影响,以平茬8～10年柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana Korshinskii Kom.)为原料进行青贮。选用小尾寒羊公羔羊30只,采用随机区组设计,试验组饲喂不同精粗比的柠条青贮和精料补充料,对照组饲喂玉米(Zea mays)青贮和精料补充料。结果表明:柠条青贮饲料对羔羊适口性及健康状况无不良影响,干物质采食量随粗料比例增加呈增加趋势,精粗比60:40时羔羊干物质采食量与消化吸率达最大值分别为1131.11 g·d-1,73.45%,在此精粗比条件下氮沉积量与可消化氮利用率分别为18.33 g·d-1,62.97%。综合考虑营养物质消化率与养殖效益,以精粗比为60:40为宜,在该精粗比条件下每只羊日收益为1.52元,经济效益较对照提高19.33%。 相似文献
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Tjardes KE Buskirk DD Allen MS Tempelman RJ Bourquin LD Rust SR 《Journal of animal science》2002,80(3):841-846
Twelve Angus (237 +/- 13 kg) and twelve Holstein (235 +/- 15 kg) steers were used to determine whether corn silage-based diets with different NDF levels influence DMI to a similar extent in Angus and Holstein steers and as body weight of the steers increase. Steers were randomly assigned to individual slatted-floor pens and used in a crossover design consisting of six 14-d periods. Experimental diets contained corn silage from a normal hybrid (low-fiber; LF) and its male-sterile counterpart (high-fiber; HF) and were alternated each period. The LF and HF diets contained 33.8 and 50.8% NDF, respectively. The HF diet decreased (P < 0.01) overall steer mean DMI 14.0% relative to LF, with mean differences increasing as steers increased in BW (P < 0.01). Feeding the HF diet also reduced ADG by an average of 13.8% relative to the LF diet (P < 0.01). Holstein steers consumed 14.4% more DM and gained 14.3% faster (P < 0.01) than Angus steers. There was a fiber level x breed-type interaction (P = 0.08) for efficiency of gain. Angus steers receiving the HF diet had greater efficiency of gain than Angus steers consuming the LF diet; however, Holstein steers consuming the LF diet had greater efficiency of gain than those receiving the HF diet. The HF treatment reduced total-tract digestibility of DM and GE by 4.6 and 4.5%, respectively (P < 0.01), and decreased DE intake by 20.5% (P < 0.01) but increased apparent totaltract digestibility of NDF and ADF (9.4 and 8.4%, respectively; P < 0.01). Holstein steers had similar digestibility of DM and GE (P > 0.10) but had greater DE intake (P < 0.01) compared to Angus steers. There were fiber level x breed-type interactions for total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.06). The difference in DM digestibility was negatively associated with the difference in DMI (r2 = 0.23; P < 0.01) for LF minus HF within Angus steers, but not within Holstein steers (P = 0.42). Total-tract digestibility of NDF and ADF was 4.1 and 3.4% lower for the HF diet but was only 1.1 and 0.6% lower for the LF diet when fed to Holstein compared to Angus steers. Results from this trial demonstrate that high-NDF corn silage-based diets reduced intake of both Angus and Holstein steers, and this reduction in DMI continued as steers increased in BW from 235 to 330 kg. Breed differences were also noted for digestible energy intake as influenced by fiber level. 相似文献
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The experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and millet (Pennisetum americannum) silages with or without concentrate on nutrients intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and weight gain in Sipli sheep. Six experimental diets were formulated having 100% maize silage (MS), maize silage and concentrate as 50:50 (MSC),
100% sorghum silage (SS), sorghum silage and concentrate as 50:50 (SSC), 100% millet silage (MiS) and millet silage and concentrate
as 50:50 (MiSC), respectively. For this purpose, 24 Sipli lambs were randomly allotted to six experimental diets in a completely randomized design for 90 days, four lambs per diet.
The results indicated that among various silage diets, lambs fed MS diet consumed higher dry matter (DM) than those fed SS
and MiS diets. Likewise, lambs offered MSC had higher dry matter intake than those fed SSC and MiSC diets. Crude protein (CP)
and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) consumed by the lambs also followed the similar trend. Higher DM, CP and NDF digestibilities
were also observed in lambs fed MS and MSC diets than those fed SS, SSC, MiS and MiSC diets. Overall digestibilities of DM,
CP and NDF were higher in experimental diets containing silage with concentrate. Lambs fed MS diet had 2.79 g/day and 4.45 g/day
higher N retention than those fed SS and MiS, respectively. Similarly, lambs fed MSC diet had 2.24 g/day and 5.12 g/day higher
N retention than those fed SSC and MiSC diets, respectively. The results showed that lambs fed MSC gained more daily weight
gain had better feed conversion ratio than those fed MS, SS, SSC, MiS and MiSC diets. The findings of the present study indicated
that lambs fed MSC diet had higher nutrients intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and weight gain. 相似文献
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蒸汽压片玉米对奶牛生产性能和氮磷排放影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究蒸汽压片玉米对泌乳早期中国荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和氮磷排放的影响.试验采用4×4重复拉丁方设计.将8头泌乳早期中国荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4组,每组2头.4种日粮处理中蒸汽压片玉米含量分别为精料的0、10%、20%和30%.试验分4期,每期28 d.结果表明:日粮中添加蒸汽压片玉米对奶牛干物质采食量无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著提高了饲料转化率(奶料比)(P＜0.05);显著提高了奶牛产奶量,其中20%与30%组的4%标准奶产量(FCM)产量分别比对照组提高2.78和2.87 kg·d~(-1)(P＜0.01).对乳成分无显著影响(P＞0.05);乳蛋白、乳糖、乳非脂固形物含量呈增加趋势;对营养物质的表观消化率无显著影响(P＞0.05);日粮中添加蒸汽压片玉米显著降低了乳尿素氮水平(P＜0.05).试验组奶牛氮排放量分别比对照组降低了4.23%(P＞0.05)、9.37%(P＜0.05)和10.29%(P＜0.05),磷排放量分别比对照组降低了1.93%(P＞0.05)、2.59%(P＞0.05)和5.19%(P＞0.05).因此,饲喂蒸汽压片玉米能够有效提高奶牛的生产性能,降低氮磷的排放. 相似文献