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1.
为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。 相似文献
2.
为明确黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)在草莓上的发生和危害情况,利用RT-PCR方法对不同产地的不同品种草莓种苗进行检测,并对CMV草莓分离物的部分核苷酸序列进行了分析。结果表明,CMV侵染草莓后产生的症状主要为植株不同部位的畸形、变色,但有些无明显症状的植株也可以检测出CMV。共检测了我国7个不同省市的220个草莓种苗样品,其中北京、云南、辽宁、河北、四川和陕西的草莓种苗样品中均可检出CMV,内蒙古的种苗中未检出CMV。检测的6个不同草莓品种均含CMV,但北京和内蒙古的‘红颜'种苗未检出CMV,云南的‘圣诞红'种苗CMV检出率仅为2.6%。利用RT-PCR技术扩增草莓种苗中CMV的特异性核苷酸片段并对PCR产物测序,得到包含部分外壳蛋白基因及3'端非编码区共430 bp的2个草莓分离物序列。获得的2个分离物序列的核苷酸序列同源性为90.97%,序列比对分析结果表明2个分离物分属于CMV不同亚组,其中北京草莓分离物Bjcmz归属于亚组IA,河北分离物Hbcmc归属于亚组IB。 相似文献
4.
新疆石河子、伊宁地区黄瓜花叶病毒株系分化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
为了研究新疆黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)分子变异及株系分化,对从石河子和伊宁地区采集的205个加工番茄、23个辣椒、4个番茄、2个南瓜样品进行酶联免疫检测和RT-PCR检测.在4种寄主上均检出了亚组Ⅰ型CMV,其中加工番茄的感染率高达74.15％.进一步对来自辣椒的YN-6、LJ-4、L-10,加工番茄的S1-1、S1-14,番茄的YN-2,以及南瓜的YN-9等7个样品CP、RNA3、MP核苷酸序列进行相似性和进化树分析.7个样品与CMV亚组ⅠB株系分离物的相似性较高、亲缘关系最近,均可归为CMV亚组ⅠB.而来自辣椒的LJ-4、L-10与其余5个样品的序列相似性较低,亲缘关系较远,在进化树上形成独立分支.说明在新疆加工番茄及其它蔬菜上广泛流行的CMV存在分子变异. 相似文献
5.
采用黄瓜花叶病毒((CMV)亚组Ⅰ株系Fny-CMV及亚组Ⅱ株系Ls-CMV的RNA2的特定序列片段的cDNA克隆,体外转录,同时掺入32P标记制备负链RNA探针,再与纯化的甜椒上的CMV中国分离物的RNA进行杂交,检测其与探针之间的同源性。共检测样品分离物3份。试验结果表明:河南新乡和北京密云的CMV甜椒分离物与Fny-CMV的核苷酸有高度同源性,隶属于Fny-CMV为代表的亚组Ⅰ株系。来自福建的样品与亚组Ⅱ的Ls-CMV株系有高度同源性,隶属于CMV亚组Ⅱ株系。本试验同时利用源于我国CMV亚组Ⅰ的K株系的RNA2两个EcoR Ⅰ位点间1657-2125 nt的核苷酸序列为探针,同样与以上3份CMV中国分离物进行RNA杂交,进一步比较分析了这几个分离物与我国亚组Ⅰ的K-CMV株系的关系,证明了我国CMV存在亚组与株系分化。 相似文献
6.
为调查我国太子参主产区病毒病发生情况,使用RT-PCR法对采自福建省柘荣县,贵州省施秉县、丹寨县和安徽省宣城市的71份具有典型病毒病症状的太子参样品进行检测,并根据CP氨基酸序列对不同地区病毒进行系统进化分析。RT-PCR结果显示,65份样品检出病毒,检出率为91.55%,其中,56份样品检出芜菁花叶病毒Turnip mosaic virus(TuMV),49份样品检出蚕豆萎蔫病毒2号Broad bean wilt virus 2(BBWV2),9份样品检测出黄瓜花叶病毒Cucumber mosaic virus(CMV),检出率分别为78.87%、69.01%和12.68%。未检测到烟草花叶病毒Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)。序列和系统发育进化分析显示,本研究获得的TuMV、BBWV2和CMV与NCBI数据库中的序列相似度较高,核苷酸相似度分别为98.05%～98.98%、93.61%～94.25%和98.02%～99.17%,氨基酸序列相似度分别为:96.14%～97.47%、97.33%～98.50%和98.00%～100%,分别属于World-B组、Ⅰ-a亚... 相似文献
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8.
北京地区辣椒上黄瓜花叶病毒和甜菜西方黄化病毒复合侵染的分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜和经济作物,受多种病毒危害。2014年在北京市顺义区调查时发现部分种植的辣椒植株上叶片大面积黄化,边缘症状明显,个别植株叶片轻微上卷。提取典型症状样品的总RNA,反转录得到cDNA,分别用黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属(Polerovirus)通用引物进行PCR检测,CMV特异引物和马铃薯卷叶病毒属通用引物分别扩增得到约650bp和1 400bp的特异条带。测序和核苷酸序列比对表明,其分别与CMV和甜菜西方黄化病毒(Beet western yellows virus,BWYV)序列同源性最高为99%和96%。这是对我国种植的辣椒上发生的CMV和BWYV复合侵染的首次报道。 相似文献
9.
白术矮化病毒病病原的分子鉴定和部分序列分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验在生物学接种的基础上,利用非序列依赖性PCR扩增(sequence-independent amplification,SIA)对白术矮化病毒病病原进行了分子鉴定,序列测定及分析。结果发现,具有矮化症状的白术为黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)所侵染。为明确CMV白术分离物(CMV-Am)的分类地位,本研究进一步克隆了CMV-Am的外壳蛋白基因(CP)和移动蛋白基因(MP)全序列。序列比对分析表明,CMV-Am与CMV亚组ⅠB中株系XJ2序列同源性最高,核苷酸、氨基酸序列同源性分别为98.9%、99.1%。氨基酸序列同源性聚类分析表明,CMV-Am与中国大多数CMV分离物一样,属于CMV亚组ⅠB。 相似文献
10.
我国部分地区常见农作物上黄瓜花叶病毒分离物核酸多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确我国黄瓜花叶病毒株系分化及系统进化基本情况,从湖南、新疆、青海和海南4省区采集1 367个样品对其进行酶联免疫和RT-PCR检测,并对分离获得的15个黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)纯化分离物CP、MP、2b核苷酸序列进行相似性和进化树分析及生物学性状比较。结果表明,辣椒、龙葵和黄瓜的CMV阳性检出率较高,分别为54.13%、29.19%和18.46%。进化树分析显示CMV-Q5与CMV亚组II的亲缘性较高;CMV-N7为新发现的重组株系,其CP、2b基因属于CMV亚组IB,MP基因却属于CMV亚组II;其余13个分离物均属于CMV亚组IB。CMV-N7和CMV-Q5在系统寄主心叶烟和枯斑寄主苋色藜上引发的症状相似,但比对照株系CMV-P3613(IB)的发病时间要晚1~2 d,系统花叶较温和,枯斑较小。表明在以上4省区常见农作物上广泛流行的CMV存在分子变异。 相似文献
11.
云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病主要病毒种类检测及黄瓜花叶病毒亚组鉴定 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用抗原直接包被和双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)对采自云南、福建、湖南烟区烟草花叶病样品进行了病毒种类检测,利用三抗体夹心ELISA对黄瓜花叶病毒(Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)的亚组类型进行了鉴定。在云南采集的520个花叶病样品中,烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)、CMV和马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)总检出率分别为71.74%、55.01%和6.35%;在福建采集的150个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为94%、24.66%和8.00%;在湖南采集的74个花叶病样品中,TMV、CMV和PVY的总检出率分别为58.11%、51.35%和2.70%。部分样品为2种以上病毒复合侵染。云南、福建和湖南采集的64个CMV阳性样品中,属亚组Ⅰ的样品为57个,占89.1%;属亚组Ⅱ的样品为10个,占15.6%;其中3个样品为亚组Ⅰ和亚组Ⅱ的复合侵染。 相似文献
12.
为掌握海南省芒果中农药的多残留情况及其对慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献大小,采集海南省主产区芒果样品178份,分别采用气相色谱及超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法测定了样品中农药的残留情况,并计算了芒果中所检出农药对我国不同人群慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献份额 (R)。结果表明:甲氧基丙烯酸酯类和新烟碱类农药的残留检出率最高 (> 80.00%)。根据我国制定的相关最大残留限量 (MRL) 标准,以下农药残留量均存在超标现象,其中吡唑醚菌酯共有39份样品超标,吡虫啉34份,噻虫胺5份,苯醚甲环唑2份,灭多威和多效唑各1份;71.91%的样品同时含有2种及2种以上单个农药残留,最多者同时检出了8种单个农药残留;同时检出2种及2种以上甲氧基丙烯酸酯类或新烟碱类农药的样品比例分别为23.03%和16.30%;嘧菌酯/吡唑醚菌酯、吡虫啉/吡唑醚菌酯、吡虫啉/嘧菌酯是最常见的农药多残留组合。本研究所检出农药的R值均远远低于1,说明通过芒果摄入的农药残留对整个慢性膳食摄入风险的贡献极小。 相似文献
13.
Twenty-six composite samples of fish were collected during 1978 from United States watersheds near the Great Lakes and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related organic chemicals. PCB mixtures resembling Aroclor 1254 were found in all samples, and mixtures resembling Aroclor 1242 (or 1016) were found in 77 percent of the samples. Total PCB concentrations in the whole-fish composite samples ranged from 0.13 to 14.6 ppm; 65 percent of the samples contained more than 2 ppm PCBs. DDT and its metabolites were found in all samples. sigma DDT concentration was 1.66 ppm, and 81 percent of the samples contained less than 1.0 ppm sigma DDT. Chlordane ranged from less than 0.001 to 2.57 ppm in 38 percent of the samples. Hexachlorobenzene was found in 65 percent of the samples, ranging from less than 0.005 to 0.447 ppm. Other chemicals identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes, chlorostyrenes, chlorophenols, and chlorinated aliphatic compounds. Fish from the Ashtabula River (Ohio), Rock River (Ohio), and Wabash River (Indiana) contained extremely complex residues of chlorinated and other organic chemicals. 相似文献
14.
为明确山东省济宁市鱼台县稻茬麦区菵草对炔草酯的抗性水平,采用温室盆栽法和培养皿法,分别测定14个稻茬麦田菵草对炔草酯的抗性水平。结果表明,温室盆栽法和培养皿法测得的菵草对炔草酯抗性趋势基本一致,除采自王庙镇南房村路边的菵草仍处于敏感状态外,其余种群均对炔草酯产生了较高水平的抗性。在13个抗性种群中,中抗种群4个,高抗种群9个,其中老寨乡张埝村的3个种群抗性水平相对较高,温室盆栽法的抗性倍数分别为763.75、2 278.85、4 411.79,培养皿法下的抗性倍数分别为313.75、394.50、624.00。 相似文献
15.
Plum pox virus detection in dormant plum trees by PCR and ELISA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An immunocapture polymerase chain reaction (IC-PCR) protocol and ELISA were compared for their effectiveness in detecting plum pox virus (PPV) in dormant plum material. Although the IC-PCR was about one thousand times more sensitive than ELISA, PPV was detected by ELISA in 71–80% of bark samples collected in December, January and March 1996/97 from pot-grown rootstock trees inoculated with PPV the previous March, compared with 85–86% detection in the same samples by IC-PCR. In similar samples from one-year-old shoots taken from infected branches of orchard trees, 66–81% were positive by ELISA compared with 81–87% by IC-PCR. With bulked samples taken from the fibrous roots of the pot-grown trees, PPV was detected in 92–100% of samples by IC-PCR in winter compared with only 38–65% by ELISA. These results were confirmed in samples from the roots and shoots of the same trees in 1997/98. Three samples per shoot would have been sufficient to detect PPV by ELISA in 87 of the 88 infected shoots tested during the two winters. However, infected shoots are irregularly distributed in diseased trees and PCR assays of root samples offer the potential for improving the reliability of identifying trees infected with PPV. 相似文献
16.
F. M. HUMPHERSON-JONES 《Plant pathology》1985,34(3):385-390
Tests on samples of oilseed rape seed ( Brassica napus ) sown in the UK between 1981 and 1984 indicated that on average 25% of samples were infected with Alternaria brassicae and 61% with Leptosphaeria maculans , with maximum incidences of infection of 19 and 4.2% respectively. Much infection by Alternaria spp. occurred on vegetable and forage brassica seed produced in the UK between 1979 and 1983. In B. oleracea types A. brassicicola occurred most frequently, affecting 88% of samples and up to 55% of seeds. A. brassicae was detected in 44% of B. oleracea samples and in up to 13% of seeds. Little Alternaria infection occurred in swede or forage rape samples (B. napus ), but A. brassicae affected up to 8–5% of seeds in turnip samples ( B. campestris ). L. maculans occurred in 44% of samples of vegetable and forage brassica seed produced in the UK, with a maximum of 4–6% infected seeds. A. brassicicola was present in 73% of samples of imported B. oleracea seed, affecting up to 25.5% of seeds. A. brassicae was absent from these samples and little L. maculans was detected. Pathogenicity tests on isolates of L. maculans from infected seeds indicated that virulent pathotypes were present in 16 rape seed samples but in only one sample (swede) of vegetable or forage brassica seed. The high incidence of seed infection by these pathogens emphasizes the importance of applying fungicide treatments to all types of brassica seed. 相似文献
17.
根据建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus,Cy MV)和齿兰环斑病毒(Odontoglossum ringspot virus,ORSV)两种主要兰花病毒的保守序列设计特异性引物,建立了二温式多重RT-PCR同时检测两种病毒的检测方法。用该方法对感染两种病毒的植株总RNA模板进行扩增,结果同时得到2条大小与实验设计相符的769bp(Cy MV)、1000bp(ORSV)的特异性扩增带。用该方法对随机抽取的39个蝴蝶兰样品进行检测,结果11个样品检测出Cy MV,阳性率28.2%;24个样品检测出ORSV,阳性率61.5%;6个样品同时检测出两种病毒。 相似文献
18.
二温式多重RT-PCR同时检测两种主要兰花病毒的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据建兰花叶病毒(Cymbidium mosaic virus, CyMV)和齿兰环斑病毒（Odontoglossum ringspot virus, ORSV)两种主要兰花病毒的保守序列设计特异性引物，建立了二温式多重RTPCR同时检测两种病毒的检测方法。用该方法对感染两种病毒的植株总RNA模板进行扩增，结果同时得到2条大小与实验设计相符的769 bp(CyMV)、1 000 bp(ORSV)的特异性扩增带。用该方法对随机抽取的39个蝴蝶兰样品进行检测，结果11个样品检测出CyMV，阳性率28.2%；24个样品检测出ORSV，阳性率61.5%； 6个样品同时检测出两种病毒。 相似文献
19.
C E Sumner 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1978,12(2):87-90
Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg) from 19 sites in Tasmania were surveyed for pesticide residues. All samples were analyzed for dieldrin and DDT, and five samples were analyzed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and lindane. Only DDT was found in all samples. Dieldrin levels were high in oysters from the Tamar River, but were highest (0.39 mg/kg wet weight) in samples from Ruffin's Bay. In contrast, other residue levels were low. Distribution of pesticides in Tamar River samples differed: dieldrin could be correlated with industrial uses upstream and DDT could be correlated with low-level widespread agricultural use. 相似文献
20.
A survey of Potato virus Y (PVY) was carried out on weeds growing in and around potato fields in Syria during the autumn growing seasons of 2002, 2004 and 2006. A total of 59 samples of eight weed species and three tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) samples were tested by ELISA using PVY antisera. Among them 15 samples belonged to Solanum nigrum (7 samples), Physalis sp. (6 samples) and tobacco (2 samples) were PVY infected. This suggests that weed hosts and neighbouring tobacco fields are natural reservoirs of PVY in Syria. According to their biological, serological and molecular characteristics, the majority of weed PVY isolates belonged to the PVYSYR variant indicating a possible correlation between the high incidence of PVYSYR in potato and weed hosts. This is the first report on the occurrence and characterization of weed PVY isolates from Syria. 相似文献