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1.
石碌含笑（Michelia shiluensis）是海南特有树种和国家Ⅱ级濒危保护植物,野外仅见分布于吊罗山、鹦哥岭、五指山等海南中南部山区。吊罗山是石碌含笑最集中的自然分布区,开展吊罗山石碌含笑群落木本植物种间联结性研究,有助于了解该树种在群落中的地位与作用,为制定合理的就地保护措施提供参考。本研究基于2×2列联表,综合运用χ2检验、Pearson相关系数检验和Spearman秩相关系数检验对吊罗山石碌含笑与群落内其他伴生种的种间关系进行了探讨分析。结果表明：石碌含笑种群与灌木层的正关联比乔木层多;石碌含笑与群落内绝大多数植物的种间联结不显著,种间关系表现出总体比较松散的趋势,种群间相互独立的趋势明显,乔木层和灌木层总体上与石碌含笑正关联物种多于负关联物种数,表明群落的发展朝着有益于石碌含笑种群发育的趋势。研究结果对制定合理的就地保护措施和恢复计划具有参考价值。 相似文献
2.
海南中部山区植被演变阶段植物物种多样性与群落结构多样性变化规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以海南中部山区的草地、灌丛、次生林和原始林为演替系列,研究植被演替过程中群落结构多样性与物种多样性的变化规律。结果表明,群落演替过程中植物科属种数、总体Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数、乔灌木层的Shannon-Wiener指数和Margalef指数及垂直结构多样性指数都显著增大;群落结构多样性指数分别与群落植物科属种数、总体alpha物种多样性指数、灌木层和乔木层物种alpha多样性指数都显著正相关。通过恢复演替,植被复杂性和质量都呈增大趋势。 相似文献
3.
热带海岸典型森林类型土壤有机碳储量和碳氮垂直分布特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带海岸森林是重要的碳库,很容易受到人类活动的干扰,包括森林砍伐和气候变化。因此,迫切需要探明森林土壤有机碳储量,为热带海岸森林的保护和恢复提供理论依据。以热带海岸4种典型森林类型为研究对象,研究土壤中有机碳和全氮垂直分布特征及其与其他土壤理化性状关系。结果表明:不同林型土壤有机碳和全氮在土壤剖面中的垂直变化规律一致,表层含量较高,随着剖面深度增加含量逐渐降低,且不同土壤层次间呈现显著性差异。不同森林类型土壤有机碳和全氮含量平均值分别为1.35~7.06、0.08~0.61 g/kg,其中椰子人工林的土壤有机碳和全氮含量平均值最高,分别为7.06、0.61 g/kg,其次是香蒲桃天然次生林(6.07、0.44 g/kg)。各森林类型土壤碳氮比平均值依次为大叶相思人工林﹥木麻黄人工林﹥香蒲桃天然次生林﹥椰子人工林。各森林类型0~100 cm土层土壤有机碳储量从大到小依次为椰子人工林、香蒲桃天然次生林、大叶相思人工林和木麻黄人工林。相关分析结果表明,各个森林类型土壤有机碳与土壤容重呈显著负相关,与全氮呈显著正相关。说明椰子人工林和香蒲桃天然次生林森林生态系统达到平衡稳定状态,其碳汇效益较木麻黄人工林和大叶相思人工林显著,对热带海岸森林生态系统健康的经营与维护具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
在对吊罗山2块不同海拔高度的热带雨林样地乔木层树种的RA、RD、RF及IV分析的基础上,通过出现-不出现数据的方差比例、基于2×2联列表的种间联结分析和卡方（χ2）统计量检验,对其种间联结性进行研究,以揭示不同海拔高度热带雨林种间联结性之间的相互关系。结果表明： （1）在不同海拔高度热带雨林中,群落内所有树种间总体呈显著正联结; （2）对2块不同海拔高度热带雨林样地20种优势种190对种对进行 χ2检验, 发现种对间大都呈现无联结; （3）2个不同海拔高度热带雨林种间联结比例及强度变化表明,物种正负联结比例随着海拔高度的增加而增加,而无联结比例则随着海拔高度的增加而降低。 相似文献
5.
本研究旨在比较热带海岸天然次生林与人工林土壤活性有机碳的差异,从而提高沿海防护林土壤有机碳库的存储能力和维持土壤碳平衡提供理论依据。选取海南岛沿海防护林中典型的2种人工林和2种天然次生林作为研究对象,通过测定土壤活性有机碳及养分含量,对热带海岸天然次生林与人工林土壤有机碳的积累能力及土壤养分与有机碳相关性的差异进行分析。结果表明:(1)该研究区4种林分土壤总有机碳、轻组有机碳和易氧化有机碳均表现为琼崖海棠天然次生林香蒲桃天然次生林大叶相思人工林木麻黄人工林;(2)4种林分土壤轻组有机碳占总有机碳比例以天然次生林最高,而人工林则具有更低的轻组有机碳分配比例;反之,人工林的土壤易氧化有机碳占总有机碳比例显著高于天然次生林;(3)4种林分的土壤活性有机碳与土壤全氮、土壤容重相关性显著,此外,2种人工林林地土壤活性有机碳与土壤含水量、pH、碳氮比同样具有相关性。相关性分析结果表明,人工林土壤活性有机碳与土壤各因子的相关性较天然次生林更为密切。这说明热带海岸林地土壤碳含量总体较低,与人工林相比,天然次生林土壤有机碳具有较大稳定性。 相似文献
6.
采用样方调查法对广西猫儿山高山湿地湿生草本植物到木本植物阶段的群落类型、物种多样性、演替度和径级结构进行分析，探究植物区系特征与群落演替进程与趋势。结果共记录到维管植物136种，隶属于62科103属，单属科、单种属所占比例大。物种组成的地理成分较为复杂，属的地理分布兼具热带、亚热带和北温带的过渡特征，包含中国特有分布的3个属及特有树种铁杉，多样性程度较高。铁杉湿地很少见，该区域的铁杉湿地却保持得非常原始，保护意义重大。植物种类数量一般会随着演替进程先增加后减少，在演替中后期出现最大值，植物种类丰富度高低并不能很准确地衡量群落的演替程度。根据重要值划分植物群系，比较各演替度，推测出该区域湿生草本植物到木本植物阶段的演替顺序为笄石菖草丛→条穗薹草草丛→尾叶悬钩子灌丛→中华槭灌丛→华西箭竹灌丛→针阔混交林铁杉群落→常绿阔叶林褐叶青冈+山桂花群落→常绿落叶混交林吴茱萸五加林群落，为自然条件下的正向演替。演替的最终结果会形成顶级群落。分析乔木群落优势种的径级结构，在乔木群落阶段演替进程中，各优势种群落发展趋势为铁杉群落波动较大，褐叶青冈和山桂花为稳定群落，以吴茱萸五加为主要落叶树种的种群发展有衰... 相似文献
7.
台湾相思（Acacia confusa）是平潭海岛相思林的主要建群种,是海岛优良的造林阔叶树种,了解平潭岛台湾相思群落主要木本植物和草本植物种群的生态位特征有助于深入了解海岛群落物种共存与竞争机制。在对其内岛和附属岛屿进行群落调查的基础上,利用Levins和Shannon生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数分析平潭岛台湾相思群落各层片主要种群生态位。共调查到维管束植物144种隶属63科123属,以禾本科和菊科为主,与大陆植被存在显著差异;发现入侵风险植物14种,草本入侵现象较严重,其中1级恶性入侵的假臭草（Praxelis clematidea）、鬼针草（Bidens pilosa）和2级严重入侵的香丝草（Erigeron bonariensis）在群落中占据较大的生态位,可能对共生种群造成一定的生态干扰,应当引起足够重视;乔木层中的台湾相思和木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）、灌木层中台湾相思幼树和雀梅藤（Sageretia thea）、草本层中芒（Miscanthus sinensis）和假臭草生态位宽度较大,生态位宽度小于0.5的物种数占总数的96.67%,重要值较大的物种生态位宽度也较大,但并非完全一致;优势种群生态位重叠表现为草本层（0.253）>灌木层（0.231）>乔木层（0.149）,均小于0.3,生态位重叠值普遍偏低,种群通过生态位分化来减弱种间竞争。海岛地区较强的环境过滤性导致种群产生不同程度的生境分化,同时,种群通过压缩生态位宽度,聚集在局部生境中,从而促进海岛群落物种共存,平潭岛台湾相思群落属于地带性顶级群落,种间关系稳定,种群更新缓慢。 相似文献
8.
单季稻田节肢动物群落演替规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用种类丰富度、数量、申农指数等指标,对浙江省富阳市的稻田节肢动物群落的演替过程进行了描述、分析。可将整个演替过程划分为扩展期、波动期、衰减期三个时段,依据对水稻的不同作用性质将节肢动物群落分为天敌、害虫、中性昆虫三个亚群落。从以上三个指标的分析结果来看,三种亚群落的演替过程具有不同步性。相比而言,天敌亚群落具有最高的丰富度和多样性,其贡献率几乎达到50%;中性昆虫亚群落与害虫亚群落三个指标的每周累加值具有相似性,但数量消长呈负相关性。 相似文献
9.
海南吊罗山热带低地雨林次生林乔木物种多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以吊罗山3块不同海拔热带低地雨林次生林为研究对象,分析了物种丰富度、物种组成、树高和径级分布以及不同起测胸径各样地生物多样性。结果表明,各样地群落有强的热带性,但同时具有热带-亚热带性质。样地乔木科属种组成丰富,单种科和单种属有较高的比例,不同海拔样地乔木树种都有较高的丰富度,中等海拔的样地最高。整个热带低地雨林次生林缺乏大乔木,群落整体低矮,胸径较小,目前未达顶级状态,植被处于旺盛的发展阶段。群落整体多样性较高,随起测胸径的增加,Shannon-wiener指数降低,中海拔样地由于有3个优势种,影响了其整体Shannon-wiener指数。Simpson指数随起测胸径增加而递减,但高海拔样地中≥2 cm起测胸径的Simpson指数由于富集种占比较高而较低。均匀度指数随起测胸径增加而增加,优势集中性指数显示出群落优势种的优势并不明显。与其它地区比较,吊罗山的热带低地雨林次生林乔木生物多样性较高。 相似文献
10.
[目的]探索杉木萌生林的科学经营方法。[方法]以萌生杉木林为研究对象,采用双相关g(r)函数对经营前后杉木萌生林林分中杉木的空间格局及不同径级的关联性进行分析。[结果]萌生杉木林中的杉木种群经营前后在整体上和不同径级间,均表现为在3~10 m的尺度上为随机分布,在0~3 m的尺度上主要呈聚集分布或者均匀分布。经营前后杉木不同径级林木的空间关联表明,除径级Ⅱ和径级Ⅲ的杉木在0~1 m的尺度上表现为正相关,在1~2 m表现为弱的负相关外,其余各个径级间的空间关联均为相互独立。[结论]在对杉木萌生林的经营中应该参照当地天然林的分布格局和树种配置等特征,通过人工促进更新、栽植位置、密度控制、树种配置等森林经营措施,加速现有次生林的进展演替,逐步使林分朝着天然林经营的方式发展,最终实现林分的可持续经营。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
20.
Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献