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杏鲍菇高产高效栽培料配方研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以木屑、棉籽壳、玉米芯及其复合物为主料,通过调整麸皮用量,设计了16个杏鲍菇栽培料配方,通过塑料袋栽培,研究了16种栽培料配方对杏鲍菇菌丝生长和产量及经济效益的影响.结果表明:不同配方栽培料上菌丝满袋时间及杏鲍菇产量均达到极显著差异.以玉米芯为主料的配方9栽培料中菌丝生长速度最快,菌丝满袋时间为35.83 d;其次是以木屑为主料的配方6,菌丝满袋时间为37.06 d;棉籽壳栽培料中菌丝生长速度普遍较慢.以玉米芯为主料的配方11产量最高,经济效益最好,第1潮菇的生物学效率达到67.6％,每袋(250 g栽培料)的经济效益比生产上常用的配方4增加了0.5597元;其次是以玉米芯和木屑为复合主料的配方16,生物学效率为65.2％,每袋的经济效益比配方4增加了0.4874元;以木屑为主料的配方5产量最低,经济效益最差.可以看出,杏鲍菇菌丝生长状况及其产量受栽培料C/N和主料种类的影响均较大,配方11、配方16是杏鲍菇栽培的理想配方,原料来源广泛,价格较低,栽培效益好. 相似文献
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在真姬菇工厂化生产常用配方的基础上,利用玉米芯、甘蔗渣、酒糟,设计5个不同配方代替部分棉籽壳栽培真姬菇,比较菌丝生长、产量及经济效益的结果:以配方3(杂木屑18%,棉籽壳38%,麸皮17%,玉米粉5%,玉米芯10%,甘蔗渣10%,石灰2%)和配方4(杂木屑18%,棉籽壳30%,麸皮17%,玉米粉5%,甘蔗渣20%,酒糟8%,石灰2%)表现较好,单袋产量分别为524g和486g,成本低,经济效益好。 相似文献
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不同配方培养料对茶薪菇生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对不同配方培养料茶薪菇菌丝体和子实体生长的对比试验.结果表明:在供试的9个配方中,使用以棉籽壳为主料的培养料栽培茶薪菇优于以玉米芯、木屑为主料的培养料;其中配方①(棉籽壳77%,麸皮17%,玉米面3%,石膏粉1%,磷酸二氢钾1%,白糖1%)最好,菌丝生长势强,子实体产量最高,生物学效率达到62.3%;其次配方②用12%玉米芯和配方③用12%木屑代替棉籽壳栽培茶薪菇产量也较高,生物学效率分别为54.6%、50.7%. 相似文献
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陕西是我国主要产棉区之一,棉籽壳资源丰富,为了扩大香菇培养料的来源,我们于1981～1982年进行了棉籽壳不同配比栽香菇试验。一、材料与方法供试菌种是“7402”。原种及栽培种的培养料配方为:①纯棉籽壳,即棉籽壳78%,麸皮20%;②棉籽壳与青冈栎木屑(下同)以3:1配合,即棉籽壳60%,木屑20%,麸皮20%;③棉籽壳与木屑以1:1配合,即棉籽壳40%,木屑40％,麸皮20％;④木屑(木 相似文献
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以秀珍菇为试材，采用桑枝木屑为主要原料，部分代替棉籽壳栽培秀珍菇，设置7个不同桑枝木屑含量的培养料配方，研究了桑枝木屑不同添加比例配方对秀珍菇品质和产量的影响，以期筛选出适合低成本在热带栽培秀珍菇的配方。结果表明：添加桑枝木屑替代棉籽壳栽培秀珍菇时，随着桑枝木屑添加量增加，菌丝满袋时间推迟，原材料成本降低，但秀珍菇产量和生物学效率显著提高；当桑枝木屑添加比例为30%时，秀珍菇产量和生物学转化率最高；当桑枝木屑添加比例为35%时，生产收益最高。因此，桑枝木屑35%、棉籽壳25%、玉米芯20%、麸皮18%、生石灰2%为推广桑枝木屑栽培秀珍菇的最适配方。 相似文献
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Variability in biodiversity is often assessed based on species richness, and this adherence to a single index has been typical
in studies of ecology, biogeography, and conservation in the past two decades. More recent studies have suggested that species
richness alone is insufficient as a measure of biodiversity, mainly because it is not necessarily correlated with other measures
of biodiversity. We examined (1) if nine indices embracing species diversity, functional diversity, and taxonomic distinctness
of stream macroinvertebrate assemblages show congruent patterns, and (2) if these indices show similar relationships to landscape
characteristics. Not all indices varied similarly and were thus not significantly correlated. There were three principal components
that effectively described variation in the correlation structure of the nine indices. These three components were: (1) diversity
and evenness indices, (2) two indices of taxonomic distinctness, and (3) species richness and functional richness. Four of
the nine biodiversity indices examined showed no significant relationships to landscape-catchment characteristics, and even
the significant correlations between the remaining five indices and explanatory variables were rather weak. However, species
richness showed a rather strong quadratic relationship to catchment area. Our study provided a number of suggestions for future
biodiversity studies at the landscape scale. First, given that different indices describe different components of biodiversity
and are not strongly correlated, multiple indices should be considered in any study describing stream biodiversity. Second,
despite the study was restricted to near-pristine streams, all indices showed considerable variation. Thus, this natural variability
should be accounted for prior to the examination of anthropogenic effects on stream biodiversity. Third, landscape-catchment
variables may have only limited value in explaining variability in biodiversity indices, at least in regions with no strong
anthropogenic gradients in land-use. 相似文献
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红籽瓜种质资源形态多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对51份红籽瓜种质资源形态多样性进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,红籽瓜种质资源39个形态性状变异系数为5.37%～66.95%,平均变异系数为22.87%,Shannon多样性信息指数平均值为1.55,种子长度Shannon多样性信息指数最高,为2.16;种皮覆纹最低,为0.32,数量性状多样性信息指数大于质量性状。通过主成分分析,第一主成分方差贡献率为19.49%,第二主成分方差贡献率为15.32%;第三主成分方差贡献率为9.55%。基于形态性状的聚类分析将51份红籽瓜种质分为三大类,其中第一类仅1份材料,第二类2份材料,前两类均为野生种材料。第三类48份材料,为栽培种材料。 相似文献
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矮生菜豆叶片衰老过程中碳氮代谢指标的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以矮生菜豆品种美国贡豆和哈菜豆六号为试材,研究了矮生菜豆叶片衰老过程中碳氮代谢指标的变化.试验结果表明,矮生菜豆叶片展开至衰老过程中,叶片全氮含量逐渐下降,而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量呈抛物线型变化,且峰值均出现在叶片展开后14 d左右. 相似文献
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Habitat specificity indices reflect richness (α) and/or distinctiveness (β) components of diversity. The latter may be defined by α and γ (landscape) diversity in two alternative ways: multiplicatively () and additively (). We demonstrate that the original habitat specificity concept of Wagner and Edwards (Landscape Ecol 16:121–131, 2001) consists of three independent components: core habitat specificity (uniqueness of the species composition), patch area and
patch species richness. We describe habitat specificity as a family of indices that may include either area or richness components,
or none or both, and open for use of different types of mean in calculation of core habitat specificity. Core habitat specificity
is a beta diversity measure: the effective number of completely distinct communities in the landscape. Habitat specificity
weighted by species number is a gamma diversity measure: the effective number of species that a patch contributes to landscape
richness. We compared 12 habitat specificity indices by theoretical reasoning and by use of field data (vascular plant species
in SE Norwegian agricultural landscapes). Habitat specificity indices are strongly influenced by weights for patch area and
patch species richness, and the relative contribution of rare vs. common species (type of mean). The relevance of properties
emphasized by each habitat specificity index for evaluation of patches in a biodiversity context is discussed. Core habitat
specificity is emphasized as an ecologically interpretable measure that specifically addresses patch uniqueness while habitat
specificity weighted by species number combines species richness and species composition in ways relevant for conservation
biological assessment.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Loss of connectivity is one of the main causes of decreases in habitat availability and, thus, in species abundance and occurrence
in fragmented landscapes. It is therefore important to measure habitat connectivity for conservation purposes, but there are
several difficulties in quantifying connectivity, including the need for species movement behavioral data and the existence
of few consistent indices to describe such data. In the present study, we used a graph theoretical framework to measure habitat
availability, and we evaluate whether this variable is adequate to explain the occurrence pattern of an Atlantic rainforest
bird (Pyriglena leucoptera, Thamnophilidae). The playback technique was used to parameterize the connectivity component of habitat availability indices
and to determine the presence or absence of the study species in forest patches. Patch- and landscape-level habitat availability
indices were considered as explanatory variables. Two of these were landscape-level indices, which varied in terms of how
inter-patch connections are defined, using either a binary or probabilistic approach. This study produced four striking results.
First, even short open gaps may disrupt habitat continuity for P. leucoptera. Second, the occurrence of P. leucoptera was positively affected by habitat availability. Third, proper measures of this explanatory variable should account for the
landscape context around the focal patch, emphasizing the importance of habitat connectivity. Finally, habitat availability
indices should consider probabilistic and not binary inter-patch connections when intending to explain the occurrence of bird
species in fragmented landscapes. We discuss some conservation implications of our results, stressing the advantages of an
ecologically scaled graph theoretical framework. 相似文献
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D. J. Durzan 《Scientia Horticulturae》1995,60(3-4):221-233
Zinc deficiency of commercial pistachio trees is characterized visually as ‘little leaf’, analytically by low levels of zinc, and internally by increases in N, P and total soluble N. Under a range of zinc deficiencies, blocks in metabolism arise which lead to the accumulation of free arginine N. Over the growing season, arginine N in healthy leaves is normally used for amino acid and protein synthesis. The physiological states induced by zinc deficiencies reversibly alter the internal correlations among free amino acid components of the soluble N pool. Several correlations are rigidly maintained over the growth and developmental age of leaves, so as to support the visual indices for zinc deficiency. 相似文献