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1.
1BL·1RS特异性分子标记的筛选及其对不同来源小麦品种1RS易位染色体的鉴定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
1BL?1RS易位系在我国小麦育种和生产中占有重要地位,快速而准确地鉴定1BL?1RS易位系对小麦品质改良具有重要意义。本研究选用15个1BL?1RS特异性STS、SCAR和RAPD标记及22个1RS染色体上的SSR标记,检测不同来源的1BL?1RS易位系78份以及非1BL?1RS易位系品种10份和黑麦材料3份,其中1BL?1RS易位系包括周8425B及其衍生系36份、兰考906及其衍生系5份、矮孟牛及其衍生系8份和洛类1BL?1RS易位系品种29份。结果表明,7个STS标记、1个SCAR标记、3个RAPD标记和3个黑麦SSR标记可作为鉴别1BL?1RS易位系的可靠分子标记,其中ω-sec-p1/ω-sec-p2、ω-sec-p3/ω-sec-p4、H20和SECA2/SECA3标记最好,扩增效果稳定,重复性好,条带清晰,实验操作简单。周8425B及其衍生系、兰考906及其衍生系、矮孟牛及其衍生系与洛类1BL?1RS易位系的1RS染色体在分子标记检测中没有差异。 相似文献
2.
53个小麦品种中1BL/1RS易位系的分子检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为合理利用小麦种质资源,快速准确检测小麦品种中的1BL/1RS易位系,采用ω-secalin和Glu-B3两个特异性分子标记检测了1BL/1RS在53个小麦品种中的分布情况。正相关引物ω-secalin在TcLr26和大粒王等8个品种中检测到1076bp的特异性条带,在Thatcher及其它品种中未检测到特异性条带。负相关引物Glu-B3在TcLr26和大粒王等8个品种中未扩增到636bp条带,Thatcher和其它品种中能扩增出636bp条带。通过两个正负相关标记相互验证,获得一致的结果,表明大粒王、鲁夫16系、太空8号、太育28、温麦8号、冀麦30、北京837、牛朱特是1BL/1RS易位系。 相似文献
3.
小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL新易位系的创制和分子细胞遗传学鉴定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）品种小偃6号与黑麦（Secale cereale L．）品种德国白粒杂交，选育出一批带有黑麦抗病性状的小偃6号类型种质材料。应用连续C-分带-基因组原位杂交（sequent C-banding-GISH）技术对上述材料进行染色体组成分析，筛选出2个小麦-黑麦1RS/1BL纯合易位系BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1。其中，BC152-1-1（2n=42）除含有1对1RS/1BL易位染色体外，未见其他染色体变异；BC01-89-1（2n=43）除含有1对1RS/1BL纯合易位染色体外，还附加1条两端缺失的3R染色体。高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）组成分析和品质分析结果表明，BC152-1-1和BC01-89-1不仅含有来自小偃6号的14＋15优质亚基，而且其蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和SDS沉降值等品质性状都得到显著改良。 相似文献
4.
利用揉面特性鉴定小麦1BL/1RS易位系 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
1BL/1RS易位系曾广泛用于小麦农艺性状改良,但对加工品质有明显的负面影响。利用404份F5至F8高代品系(试验I)和175份山东省主栽品种及高代品系(试验II),研究1BL/1RS易位对小麦揉面参数的影响,分析不同高低分子量蛋白亚基(HWM/LWM-GS)背景下1BL/1RS的揉面特性,探讨利用揉面特性鉴定1BL/1RS易位系的方法。结果表明,1BL/1RS易位系的揉面时间、峰值带宽及峰后1 min带宽显著低于非1BL/1RS易位系,而衰落角和带宽比(峰值带宽/峰后1 min带宽)显著高于非1BL/1RS易位系,说明1BL/1RS易位导致小麦的揉面特性显著变劣。易位系的揉面谱带的主要特征为峰后1 min谱带急剧衰落并变窄,带宽比显著增大,而非1BL/1RS易位系的峰后谱带衰落、变窄平缓或者稳定时间较长,带宽比较小。带宽比1.6可作为判断易位系的有效指标,即大于或等于1.6为1BL/1RS易位系,小于1.6为非1BL/1RS易位系,准确率达85.2%(试验I)和96.8%(试验II)。尽管优质HWM-GS背景对Glu-B3j(1BL/1RS易位系)的揉面特性有一定正向补偿作用,但品质特性仍显著劣于其他Glu-B3位点,带宽比表现尤为突出。因此,揉面特性不仅能测定育种材料的面团流变学特性,而且还能有效鉴别1BL/1RS易位系。 相似文献
5.
采用18个冬小麦品种作为供试材料,分别通过SDS-PAGE检测黑麦Secalin蛋白和PCR检测黑麦1RS染色体或其片段,结果表明:SDS-PAGE检测不出不带有secalin蛋白的1B/1R小片段易位系,而PCR则能检测出,从而提高1B/1R易位系的检出率;SDS-PAGE和PCR结合是检测1B/1R易位系的一种快速经济的有效方法。 相似文献
6.
本研究以小麦骨干亲本矮孟牛及其33个衍生品种(系)为材料,利用低分子量(LMW)麦谷蛋白Glu-B3位点的STS-PCR标记、醇溶蛋白Gli-B1位点的SSR标记和黑麦碱SEC-1b位点的STS-PCR标记进行复合PCR,检测1BL/IRS易位.结果表明,矮孟牛Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ型含有1BL/1RS染色体,矮孟牛Ⅰ和Ⅲ型不含1BL/1RS;在矮孟牛的33个衍生后代中,25个含1BL/1RS,其余8个则不含1BL/1RS.利用A-PAGE技术对上述材料进行了黑麦碱蛋白的检测,结果与复合PCR一致,两种方法相结合能准确的检测1BL/1RS. 相似文献
7.
1BL/1RS易位染色体在小麦育种中的应用效果分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以来自周麦18/郑麦9023//周麦18回交组合的156个BC1F5品系(其中89个为1BL/1RS易位系,67个为非1BL/1RS易位系)为材料,研究1BL/1RS易位染色体在小麦育种中的应用效果。结果表明,在周麦18和郑麦9023遗传背景下,1BL/1RS对产量及其相关性状无显著正向作用,与SDS沉淀值呈显著负相关,与白粉病抗性无显著相关。说明来自"洛类"系统的1BL/1RS易位染色体在特定的遗传背景和生态条件下没有明显值得继续利用的价值。 相似文献
8.
利用404份高代品系(试验Ⅰ)和175份山东省主栽品种及高代品系(试验Ⅱ),研究了1BL/1RS易位对小麦揉面参数的影响,探讨利用揉面特性鉴定1BL/1RS易位系的方法.结果表明,1BL/1RS易位导致小麦的揉面特性显著变劣,1BL/1RS易位系的揉面时间、峰值带宽及峰后1 min带宽显著低于非1BL/1RS易位系,而衰落角和带宽比(峰值带宽/峰后1 min带宽)显著高于非1BL/1RS易位系.易位系的揉面谱带的主要特征为峰后1 min谱带急剧衰落并变窄,带宽比显著增大.带宽比1.6可作为判断易位系的有效指标,即大于或等于1.6为1BL/1RS易位系,小于1.6为非1BL/1RS易位系,准确率达85.2%(试验Ⅰ)和96.8%(试验Ⅱ).因此,揉面图谱可作为快速有效鉴别1BL/1RS易位系的新方法. 相似文献
9.
12个小麦品种(系)白粉病抗性的遗传分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用17个不同来源和毒力的白粉菌菌株对12个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗病性遗传分析,同时利用Pm2和Pm8基因的特异分子标记检测了相应基因。供试的12个品种至少能够抗11个白粉菌菌株。用E09、E20和Bg2菌株接种F2群体,抗感植株分离比例和适合性测验证明这12个品种对不同白粉菌菌株的抗性均受1对显性基因控制。抗谱分析和基因紧密连锁分子标记(Xcfd81)分析表明良星66很可能含有Pm2或其等位基因。ω-黑麦碱基因(1RS染色体)和Glu-B1基因(1BS染色体)特异分子标记分析结果证明,山农20和郑麦9962含有T1BL·1RS易位染色体,即可能携带Pm8基因。由于Pm8基因对大多数菌株表现感病,所以这2个品种除Pm8外,还具有其他抗病基因。偃展4110与天民668对参试菌株的反应型表现一致,其他材料对不同菌株的反应型表现不同。 相似文献
10.
川麦42的1BS染色体臂对小麦主要农艺性状的遗传效应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
川麦42的1BS染色体臂来源于人工合成小麦亲本Syn769。利用川麦42与含1BL/1RS易位系的四川小麦品种川农16构建的127个重组自交系(RIL, F8),经3年4个环境的遗传评价,比较了川麦42的1BS和川农16的1RS染色体臂对小麦产量构成因子和产量的遗传效应。结果表明,RIL群体中川麦42的1BS染色体臂株系和川农16的1RS染色体臂株系在分蘖力、成穗率、全生育期、小穗数、收获指数和籽粒产量6个性状上存在显著差异; 1BS染色体臂有利于提高成穗率和收获指数,而1RS染色体臂有利于提高分蘖能力和增加小穗数,1BS株系的籽粒平均产量比1RS株系增加2.91%。鉴于1RS染色体臂上的抗条锈病基因丧失抗性,其携带的黑麦碱基因对加工品质有明显的负向作用,而川麦42的1BS染色体臂携带高抗条锈病基因YrCH42, 并对小麦籽粒产量有正向作用,因此建议在小麦遗传改良中利用川麦42的1BS替换1RS染色体臂。 相似文献
11.
A powdery mildew resistant double disomic wheat-rye substitution line carrying rye chromosomes 1R and 2R was crossed with
normal bread wheats. The F2 generation was analysed cytologically by C-banding. Wheat-rye chromosome translocations involving both rye chromosomes 1R
and 2R were frequent in F2. Lines with translocations of 1R and 2R were harvested separately. After four generations of selfing and selection for mildew
resistance and fertility, fully fertile resistant lines were selected and analysed cytologically. Lines with 1BL/1RS and 2BS/2RL
translocations were identified. The resistance on chromosome 1RS could not be shown to be different from control varieties
carrying the same rye segment, while the resistance on 2RL is much broader than the earlier known 2RL derived resistance in
the line Transec.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
Adam J. Lukaszewski 《Euphytica》1997,94(3):257-261
Complete chromosomes 1R and 1B were reconstructed in wheat from the centric wheat-rye translocation 1RS.1BL. Three substitutions:
1R(1A), 1R(1B), 1R(1D), and three new centric translocations: 1RS.1AL, 1RS.1BL, 1RS.1DL were produced from the reconstructed
chromosome 1R. Each one of these has the same rye chromosome arm 1RS which was present in the original translocation 1RS.1BL
of ‘Kavkaz’ wheat. Reconstructed chromosome 1B and a normal chromosome 1R were used to produce a new 1RS.1BL translocation.
This translocation has the long arm from the original 1RS.1BL translocation of ‘Kavkaz’, but a different 1RS arm. The third
generation centric translocations were mitotically stable and were normally transmitted to progeny. Misdivision frequency
of the reconstructed chromosomes 1R did not change relative to normal 1R, whereas the misdivision frequency of the two reconstructed
chromosomes 1B tested was significantly higher relative to normal 1B. These experiments demonstrate that repeated cycles of
centric breakage and fusion do not impair the function of centromeres in wheat and rye but may change chromosome's susceptibility
to misdivision.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
In order lo investigate the origin of two of the German 1RS. 1BL wheat-rye translocations used world-wide in breeding, a number of DNA probes were considered which (a) were critical for the short arm of the rye chromosome 1 R and (b) should show a specificity for the gene pool of Petkus rye. The DNA probe CDO580 was revealed as a specific one. (1) It clearly differentiated 1RS.1AL (‘Amigo’). 1RS.lBL (‘Salmon’) and 1RS.1DL (‘Gabo’) from the two German sources. (2) Both translocation wheats deriving from the Weihenstephan (Munich) and from the Salzmünde (Halle/S.) origin showed an identical DNA fragment which was typical for the gene pool of Petkus rye. It is supposed that both German sources have one progenitor in common. 相似文献
14.
The rye ( Secale cereale L.) chromosome arm 1RS is one of the most successfully used alien resources in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) improvement, and it is still being widely utilized by many breeding programmes. With increasing application of marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding, development of an efficient molecular marker system to monitor and track 1AL.1RS and 1BL.1RS wheat–rye translocations is of practical value. In this study, we systematically evaluated the utility of eight rye-specific molecular markers in detecting 1RS chromatins with different origins in diverse wheat genetic backgrounds. Two such markers, PAWS5/S6 and SCM9 were identified that were able to differentiate multiple sources of wheat–rye translocations involving 1RS. A duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed with two rye-specific markers PAWS5/S6 and RIS and tested in a set of representative wheat lines. The two rye-specific markers and the duplex PCR procedure established in this study provided a useful tool in marker-assisted selection of materials containing desirable 1RS chromatin in wheat breeding. 相似文献
15.
Genetic, agronomic and quality comparisons of two 1AL.1RS. wheat-rye chromosomal translocations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R. A. Graybosch J.-H. Lee C. J. Peterson D. R. Porter O. K. Chung 《Plant Breeding》1999,118(2):125-131
The 1AL.1RS wheat-rye chromosomal translocation originally found in ‘Amigo’ wheat possesses resistance genes for stem rust, powdery mildew and greenbug biotypes B and C, but also has a negative effect on wheat processing quality. Recently, a second 1AL.1RS translocation carrying Gb6, a gene conferring resistance to greenbug biotypes B, C, E, G and I, was identified in the wheat germplasm line ‘GRS1201′. Protein analytical methods, and the DNA polymerase chain reaction were used to identify markers capable of differentiating the 1RS chromosome arms derived from ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. The secalin proteins encoded by genes on 1RS chromosome arms differed in ‘Amigo’ and ‘GRS1201′. A 70 kDa secalin was found in the ‘Amigo’1AL.1RS, but did not occur in the ‘GRS1201’1AL.1RS. Polymorphisms detected by PCR primers derived from a family of moderately repetitive rye DNA sequences also differentiated the two translocations. When ‘GRS1201’was mated with a non-1RS wheat, no recombinants between 1RS markers were observed. In crosses between 1RS and non-1RS parents, both DNA markers and secalins would be useful as selectable markers for 1RS-derived greenbug resistance. Recombination between 1RS markers did occur when 1RS from ‘Amigo’ and 1RS from ‘GRS1201’were combined, but in such intermatings, the molecular markers described herein could still be used to develop a population enriched in lines carrying Gb6. No differences in grain yield or grain and flour quality characteristics were observed when lines carrying 1RS from ‘Amigo’ were compared with lines with 1RS from ‘GRS1201′. Hence, differences in secalin composition did not result in differential quality effects. When compared with sister lines with 1AL.1AS derived from the wheat cultivar ‘Redland’, lines with ‘GRS1201’had equal grain yield, but produced flours with significantly shorter mix times, weaker doughs, and lower sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation volumes. 相似文献
16.
为了选育有经济价值的易位系,探讨小麦-黑麦间产生易位的频率,本研究以小麦-黑麦代换系DS5R/5A和DS6R/6A为母本,以小麦-黑麦易位系克珍(Kezhen)和带有杀配子染色体的代换系DSGC1为父本,分别进行田间杂交。结果表明:DS5R/5A、DS6R/6A与DSGC1(2S)杂交结实率低,平均为27.7%,与克珍(T3B.3R)杂交结实率高于前者,平均结实率为59.3%,二者均好于远缘杂交的结实率,这也表明带有杀配子染色体的亲本影响结实率;对选出的54株DS5R/5A×DSGC1、DS6R/6A×DSGC1杂种后代与80株DS5R/5A×克珍、DS6R/6A×克珍杂种后代进行C-分带、原位杂交和分子标记鉴定后发现,二者的易位频率分别为11.1%和8.8%,并且多为染色体端部小片段易位,这种小片段易位可能是代换系间杂交部分同源染色体交换产生的。此外,也表明杀配子染色体在引起染色体断裂后可发生染色体易位。本研究共获得T5RL.5AS、T5RS.5DL、T5RS.5BL、T6RL.6DS、6RL.6BS以及T6RS.6BL等13个易位系,平均易位频率为9.6%。 相似文献
17.
The wheat-rye 1BL.1RS translocation chromosomes have been used widely around the world in commercial wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) production because of the presence of several disease resistance genes and a yield enhancement factor on the rye ( Secale cereale L.) chromosome. However, the recent reports of the loss of complete effectiveness of the disease resistance genes on the most commonly used 1BL.1RS chromosome have highlighted the need to seek and deploy additional sources of disease resistance genes. Three new sibling wheat cultivars, 'CN12', 'CN17' and 'CN18', were developed carrying 1RS arms derived from the rye inbred line L155. Genomic in situ hybridization and C-banding analysis revealed that all the three cultivars contained the rye chromosome 1RS arm fused to the wheat 1BL wheat chromosome arm. The three cultivars displayed high yields and high resistance to local powdery mildew and stripe rust pathotypes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated the different structure of 1BL.1RS chromosome between 'CN18' and the other two cultivars. The present study provides a new 1RS resource for wheat improvement. 相似文献
18.
Genetic mapping of sequence-specific PCR-based markers on the short arm of the 1BL.1RS wheat-rye translocation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wheat cultivars carrying the 1BL.1RStranslocation were crossed with newly synthesised octoploid triticale lines involving
four rye genotypes having ο-secalin banding patterns different from each other and from that of the 1BL.1RS translocation.
Homologous recombination was expected between the short arm of the 1R chromosomes of the rye genotypes and the 1RS arm of
the 1BL.1RSwheat/rye translocation. Seven sequence-specific PCR-based markers:Xiag95, RMS13, Bmac0213, GPI, Xpsr960, 5Sand
SCM9, and ο-secalinproteins were used to detect recombination events in the BC1F2 generation. Segregation analysis demonstrated that a barley SSR marker (Bmac0213) locus was present on the 1RS chromosome
arm. Of 834plants tested in four different BC1F2 populations, 246individuals were found to carry recombined1BL.1RS translocation chromosomes. Genetic linkage analysis was
performed on the eight markers in the four different mapping populations. The physical positions of the markers are discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献