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干旱半干旱区裸露边坡适宜喷播的绿化基质筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘肃黄土高原干旱半干旱区裸露边坡年均降水量少、气候干燥、蒸发强烈,导致边坡绿化植物存在出苗难和成活率低等诸多问题。本研究以干旱半干旱区裸露边坡为研究对象,通过L9(34)正交试验,研究生物肥、保水剂、草炭土、土壤、秸秆、速效肥6种喷播绿化基质在不同用量和比例组合下的理化性质,及其对边坡水分蒸发量、植被盖度、地上植物量的影响,以期筛选出适宜的喷播绿化基质配方。结果表明,草炭土∶土壤∶秸秆比例为40∶45∶15,嗜盐碱微生物菌肥500 g·m~(-2)、保水剂1 g·m~(-2)、速效肥25 g·m~(-2)可有效减小水分蒸发量,提高植被盖度和地上植物量,对黄土高原裸露边坡植物生长最为有利。 相似文献
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路堑石质边坡植被灌木化建植 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
对湖北沪蓉西（宜昌-恩施）高速公路路段的K161＋127～K161＋342左幅路堑石质边坡进行了植被灌木化的建植研究。根据研究地区的气候特点,选择暖季型草坪草种狗牙根和百喜草作为先锋种,选择耐旱、耐寒、耐瘠薄土壤条件的乡土灌木种多花木蓝、紫穗槐、火棘及胡枝子作为建群种（也叫目标种）,选择乡土植物刺槐、山合欢等小乔木作为伴生种。植被灌木化建植时,首先进行坡面处理,然后用锚杆锚固,在砂浆凝固且硬化后挂网,再分基层喷播和面层喷播两步进行基材喷播,喷播完成后及时覆盖无纺布。在灌木化植被形成后观查发现,绿化覆盖度达95％以上,各项技术指标达到了预期质量效果,表明边坡植被灌木化建植技术是快速恢复高速公路路堑石质边坡植被的有效途径,可以在同类气候地区推广应用。 相似文献
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随着高速公路的快速发展,公路建设中山地开挖形成大量裸露的边坡,既破坏公路景观,又造成水土流失。客土喷播能在普通条件下无法绿化或绿化效果较差的岩石边坡上实现草灌结合,立体绿化,恢复自然植被。宁常高速公路南京标段岩石边坡坡度60°70°,平均高度20 m,板状石质,质地坚硬。结合该标段施工实例,论述了岩石边坡客土喷播所需材料和设备、施工流程和技术要点、验收要点和标准。实践证明,客土喷播绿化速度快、植被覆盖率高,是高速公路岩石边坡绿化的一种新方法。 相似文献
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1 技术简介富利禾 (Ｆｒｉｓｏｌ)系统绿化技术是德国 (Ｆｒｉｄｒｉｃｈ)公司专门针对恶劣环境下 ,植被恢复困难而开发的植被恢复绿化生物技术体系。该体系包括 :植物种子系统、土壤生物改良系统、土壤防风蚀固化系统、绿地机械化喷播系统 ,这 4个系统组成了完整的、无污染的符合生态建设要求的植被绿化生物技术体系 ,该体系可以根据不同生态环境和土壤条件以及绿化施工要求综合使用或拆开分别独立使用。该项技术体系特别适用于其他绿化技术难于实施成功的贫瘠地块和恶劣的土壤环境 ,例如 :干旱地区荒山荒坡、高速公路铁路边坡、矿山矿区… 相似文献
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采用Li-6400-09土壤呼吸室对库布齐沙地四种植被类型土壤呼吸速率进行测定,分析不同植被类型土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化特征、土壤呼吸日均值差异性及其对水热因子的响应。结果表明:(1)库布齐沙地四种植被类型土壤呼吸的昼夜变化格局不同,固定、半固定沙地油蒿群落呈单峰曲线,中间锦鸡儿群落和苜蓿草地呈双峰型,峰值总体出现在12∶00~16∶00,最低值出现在3∶00~6∶00之间;四种植被类型昼、夜间土壤呼吸速率具有极显著差异(P0.01)。(2)四种植被类型土壤呼吸速率日均值之间存在显著差异,大小为:苜蓿草地中间锦鸡儿群落固定沙地油蒿群落半固定沙地油蒿群落。(3)土壤水热因子的交互作用对土壤呼吸速率的影响高于土壤温度单因子模型。(4)近地面大气温度、湿度与土壤呼吸速率的相关性要高于土壤水热因子,是影响四种植被类型土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化的主要因子。 相似文献
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1技术简介牧业生产机械化的重点主要包括牧草种植、收获和加工3个环节的机械化技术。饲草种植机械化技术主要是指利用机械化手段改良退化草场的技术,主要包括耕、耙、压、播4个环节的生产工艺。草原退化的根本原因是土壤板结,机械化耕作可以有效改良土壤结构、改善土壤理化性状。实践证明,耕翻后的草地,实行1年生与多年生牧草混合播种效果良好。一般情况下,1年生作物第1年可亩(667平方米)产青草750￣1466千克,比改良前平均增产10倍。第2年多年生牧草的覆盖程度可达85%,亩产青草600￣960千克。牧草播种机械化技术包括牧草补播和撒播镇压式播… 相似文献
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补播对天祝高寒退化草地植被和土壤理化性质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究补播对高寒退化草地植被组成以及土壤理化性质的影响,于2007―2009年在甘肃省天祝县开展了退化草地补播垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)+无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)+中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)改良治理退化草地的研究。结果表明,补播有效增加了禾草类和莎草类植被,提高了退化草地地上和地下生物量。补播后第3年,土壤表层物理性状、养分以及微生物生物量与不补播相比,具有明显优势。土壤表层0-40cm,土壤容重降低、孔隙度变大、含水量提高,土壤养分和微生物生物量C、N含量升高,退化草地得到了有效治理。 相似文献
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在三亚市抱坡岭受损山地的石质边坡,用F1尿素[CO(NH2)2,F2磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)两种化肥、C1(蛇藤+马棘+车桑子—地毯草+类芦+波斯菊+马尼拉结缕草)、C2(胡枝子+马桑+龙须藤—狗牙根+假俭草+结缕草+百喜草)两种草种组合及J1和J2两种建植方法进行人工植物群落建植的L4(23)试验,以当年秋季地上植物量为测度值进行综合评估,得4个试验处理,效果依次为:F2C1J2F1C2J2F1C1J1F2C2J1。主要因子和次要因子分析表明:喷播建植技术草种组合肥料种类。对同一因子的不同水平进行效果比较发现:在肥料因子中,尿素F1比磷酸二氢钾F2好,在草种组合因子中,C1比C2效果好,在建植技术因子中,用客土喷播比湿式喷播好。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664