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1.
以郑州市数码公园为例,研究不同植物群落对大气颗粒物污染的影响。2020年4月—2021年3月,监测郑州市数码公园内不同植物群落结构(乔灌草、乔草、乔灌、灌草、草坪)在春夏秋冬四季的PM2.5和PM10浓度以及温度、湿度和风速等气象因子,分析不同植物群落PM2.5、PM10浓度的变化规律,并研究其与气象因子的相关性。研究结果表明,不同样地内PM2.5和PM10浓度日变化基本一致,呈早高晚低趋势。不同样地内PM2.5和PM10浓度均表现为秋冬季高,春夏季低;PM2.5和PM10浓度高低依次为草坪和广场样地>灌草和乔草结构样地>乔灌草和乔灌结构样地;复合群落结构绿地对颗粒物滞尘能力大于单一群落结构。乔灌草、乔灌结构样地对PM2.5和PM10的阻滞率较高。PM2.5和PM10浓度... 相似文献
2.
使用2015~2017年我国29个城市的空气污染物PM2.5、PM10、O3浓度和气象要素(包括气压、气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速、日照时数)日数据,对每个城市空气质量变化特征与气象要素的月平均值进行了线性相关和多元回归模型分析,然后Meta分析合并相关系数和回归系数。结果表明:PM2.5浓度与所有气象变量(除风速)呈相关、PM10浓度与所有气象变量呈相关,而O3也与所有气象变量(除相对湿度)呈相关,但O3与气象变量的相关方向和PM2.5、PM10相反。通过对污染物浓度和气象变量的多元回归分析,21个城市的空气污染都得到较好程度的解释(R2>0.5)。同时,对影响PM2.5、PM10和O3的主要气象因素的效应进行了合并。 相似文献
3.
为揭示江西省新余市森林游憩区空气负离子与PM2.5时空分布特征、交互效应及其影响因素,对其森林环境中空气负离子和PM2.5浓度时空分布特征及其与气象因子关系进行测定分析。结果显示：(1)新余市森林游憩区与城市绿地空气负离子年变化趋势总体保持一致,全年中各月份森林空气负离子浓度均显著高于城市绿地;1月、3月和4月城市绿地PM2.5浓度显著高于森林,其他月份差异不明显;夏季6—8月空气负离子和PM2.5浓度分别达到其全年最高值和最低值。(2)森林环境空气负离子浓度随海拔升高呈逐渐上升的趋势,PM2.5含量呈先上升再下降的趋势;随距地面垂直高度的增加,林分中空气负离子浓度先下降再上升后保持不变,PM2.5含量逐渐降低,距地面高10 m处林冠中层具有较高的空气负离子和较低的PM2.5含量。(3)不同季节森林空气负离子与PM2.5浓度均呈显著负相关,与空气气压、温度、相对湿度、风速和风向相关性各不相同。结果表明：新余市森林... 相似文献
4.
城市园林绿地消减大气PM2.5浓度研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
园林绿地能有效消减城市空气中的PM2.5浓度，缓解大气污染状况。文中结合现有研究，综合阐述园林绿地消减PM2.5浓度的作用机理，探讨园林绿地消减PM2.5浓度的日变化和年变化规律及其原因，分析园林绿地中植物种类、绿地结构、绿地面积和宽度对大气PM2.5浓度的消减作用，总结温度、相对湿度、风速、车流量等环境因子以及不同污染条件对PM2.5浓度分布和扩散的影响，提出了园林绿地消减PM2.5浓度的研究趋势，指出应进一步探讨PM2.5对植物生长的影响、城市园林绿地消减PM2.5浓度的尺度效应、城市绿色空间滞尘功能评估以及PM2.5的消减量与健康效益的关联性等。 相似文献
5.
2016年7月,选取黑龙江省森林植物园内4种不同结构绿地计6个样地,采用TSIAM510粉尘仪观测PM_(1.0),PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化,并使用KESTREL4500小型气象站实时记录森林植物园内主要气象因子变化,分析不同结构绿地2种细颗粒物变化规律以及其与气象因子的关系。结果表明,8:00-18:00,各样地中2种细颗粒物质量浓度变化规律为上午高,下午低,高峰值集中在8:00-10:00,低谷值出现在14:00-16:00;植物群落对2种细颗粒物均具有削减作用,不同绿地中2种细颗粒物浓度均值大小为:乔-灌-草绿地乔-草绿地草地灌-草绿地;在乔-草结构绿地中,以落叶松Larix gmelinii为主的针叶林削减2种细颗粒物的能力强于以白桦Betula platyphylla为主的阔叶林;2种细颗粒物质量浓度与温度、风速呈负相关,与相对湿度、大气压呈正相关。 相似文献
6.
分析了苏南某地2022年大气污染物监测数据。结果表明：某地主要超标污染物为O3和PM2.5,O3月均值占标率呈双峰变化,其他污染物呈“U”形变化,O3高值日的O3小时浓度在11:00—19:00均处在较高位,PM2.5高值日的PM2.5小时值全天处于较高水平。各污染物月均值相关性分析,NO2与CO、PM2.5正相关且相关性较大,O3与NO2、CO负相关,PM2.5与NO2、CO正相关;日均值相关性分析,1-3月份、11-12月份,PM2.5与PM10的相关系数在0.8以上,4-10月份,O3与PM2.5、PM10的相关性较好。在O3和PM2.5超标的情况... 相似文献
7.
为了研究三明市区周边的森林康养环境,以福建省三明市虎头山森林公园为研究对象,监测其负氧离子及PM2.5浓度,研究了该森林公园的负氧离子及PM2.5浓度时空分布规律及影响因素。结果表明：虎头山地区的负氧离子浓度各个季节,最低值都大于3000个/cm3,符合森林公园的负氧离子要求;各样点PM2.5浓度含量分季节表现为：冬季PM2.5的含量为30～50μg/m3,而其他季节的PM2.5含量在20μg/m3左右,虎头山地区的冬季PM2.5浓度远高于其他季节;结合气温与湿度可以看出,4个季节中,由于冬季气温过低、空气PM2.5含量略高于其他三季,故冬季的康养性和游玩性低于其他3个季节;春、夏、秋3个季节则是具有高负氧离子浓度、适宜气温和适宜湿度,是虎头山游憩功能效益最好的3个季节,非常适合森林康养旅游业的发展。故虎头山的空气负氧离子与PM2.5含量符合森林康... 相似文献
8.
2018-2019年在荥阳生态站每月监测3次空气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10(PM)和负氧离子的浓度,分析了荥阳生态站两种PM质量浓度日变化、月变化、季节变化特征;用监测日的气象因子日均值、空气负离子浓度日均值与两种PM质量浓度做相关分析,以期了解PM质量浓度时间变化特征及相关影响因子。结果表明：两种PM浓度的日变化在8:00～18:00浓度变化呈U型。8:00～9:00浓度较高8:00～17:00浓度呈下降趋势,17:00以后质量浓度上升。月变化中11月至次年4月月平均质量浓度高;5～10月份平均质量浓度为较低。两种PM季节平均质量浓度高低顺序为：夏季<秋季<春季<冬季。春季和冬季两种PM污染尤为严重。PM2.5质量浓度与气温呈极显著负相关;与日照时数、气温呈显著负相关,与气压呈显著正相关;与负离子浓度呈极显著负相关;与PM10呈极显著正相关。PM10质量浓度与气温、气温日较差呈显著负相关。 相似文献
9.
为研究湖北省咸宁市的大气细颗粒物PM2.5的污染特征及来源情况,于2022年选取咸宁市内2个环境受体点位作为采样点,对不同季节的PM2.5进行采集,对细颗粒物PM2.5的组成成分及来源进行统计分析：基于采样情况构建本地PM2.5的特征源谱,利用化学质量平衡模型CMB对PM2.5的来源进行了解析。结果表明：咸宁市大气细颗粒物PM2.5的季节浓度均值呈现为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的变化趋势,PM2.5的主要组成包括水溶性无机盐与含碳组分,一次来源解析结果显示PM2.5的主要贡献源是二次气溶胶,贡献率在47.15%;二次来源解析结果显示贡献最大的是工业源和机动车,贡献率分别为34.86%和28.94%。根据上述分析结果,咸宁市在大气细颗粒物PM2.5的治理方面,应采用综合治理措施,要关注对工业、机动车排放的控制,以及对能源结构的调整,以获取到更好的治理效果。 相似文献
10.
为了解咸宁市近年来环境空气质量状况,选取2018年1月至2022年12月咸宁市城区空气质量国控点每小时监测数据,分析空气质量状况,找出存在的问题,为管理部门开展污染防治工作提供参考依据。结果表明：2018～2022年,咸宁市城区空气质量总体向好,PM2.5浓度及其空气质量分指数呈显著下降趋势,空气质量优良率呈不显著上升趋势,PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3浓度及其空气质量分指数变化趋势不显著。细颗粒物(PM2.5)和臭氧(O3)是造成咸宁市城市空气质量出现污染天气和影响城市空气质量的主要污染物。为此,提出了从强化扬尘污染管控、工业污染防治和机动车尾气监管方面精准发力,落实大气污染防治措施的建议。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
18.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
19.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
20.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献