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SA Chula MENG Fanhao LUO Min LI Chenhao WANG Mulan ADIYA Saruulzaya BAO Yuhai 《干旱区科学》2021,13(4):332-349
Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas,and grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change.The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow cover resources and typical grassland ecosystems.In recent years,with the intensification of global climate change,the snow cover on the Mongolian Plateau has changed correspondingly,with resulting effects on vegetation growth.In this study,using MOD10A1 snow cover data and MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data combined with remote sensing(RS)and geographic information system(GIS)techniques,we analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in snow cover and grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau from 2001 to 2018.The correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to determine the influence of snow cover parameters(snow cover fraction(SCF),snow cover duration(SCD),snow cover onset date(SCOD),and snow cover end date(SCED))on different types of grassland vegetation.The results showed wide snow cover areas,an early start time,a late end time,and a long duration of snow cover over the northern Mongolian Plateau.Additionally,a late start,an early end,and a short duration were observed for grassland phenology,but the southern area showed the opposite trend.The SCF decreased at an annual rate of 0.33%.The SCD was shortened at an annual rate of 0.57 d.The SCOD and SCED in more than half of the study area advanced at annual rates of 5.33 and 5.74 DOY(day of year),respectively.For grassland phenology,the start of the growing season(SOS)advanced at an annual rate of 0.03 DOY,the end of the growing season(EOS)was delayed at an annual rate of 0.14 DOY,and the length of the growing season(LOS)was prolonged at an annual rate of 0.17 d.The SCF,SCD,and SCED in the snow season were significantly positively correlated with the SOS and negatively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCOD was significantly negatively correlated with the SOS and positively correlated with the EOS and LOS.The SCD and SCF can directly affect the SOS of grassland vegetation,while the EOS and LOS were obviously influenced by the SCOD and SCED.This study provides a scientific basis for exploring the response trends of alpine vegetation to global climate change. 相似文献
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In this study,we analyzed the hydrological and meteorological data from the Syr Darya River Basin during the period of 1930–2015 to investigate variations in river runoff and the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff.The Syr Darya River,which is supplied by snow and glacier meltwater upstream,is an important freshwater source for Central Asia,as nearly half of the population is concentrated in this area.River runoff in this arid region is sensitive to climate change and human activities.Therefore,estimation of the climatic and hydrological changes and the quantification of the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff are of great concern and important for regional water resources management.The long-term trends of hydrological time series from the selected 11 hydrological stations in the Syr Darya River Basin were examined by non-parametric methods,including the Pettitt change point test and Mann-Kendall trend tests.It was found that 8 out of 11 hydrological stations showed significant downward trends in river runof f.Change of river runoff variations occurred in the year around 1960.Moreover,during the study period(1930–2015),annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,and annual potential evapotranspiration in the river basin increased substantially.We employed hydrological sensitivity method to evaluate the impacts of climate change and human activities on river runoff based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration.It was estimated that human activities accounted for over 82.6%–98.7%of the reduction in river runoff,mainly owing to water withdrawal for irrigation purpose.The observed variations in river runoff can subsequently lead to adverse ecological consequences from an ecological and regional water resources management perspective. 相似文献
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2002-2009年中国干旱区积雪时空分布特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以中国干旱区为研究对象,利用MODIS和AMSR-E融合后的2002-2009年8个水文年份（8月1日至7月31日）的无云积雪产品,计算并验证了用遥感方法提取研究区积雪日数、初雪日期和终雪日期的精度,结合积雪日数制图和积雪面积统计,分析了研究区8 a来积雪时空分布特征。结果显示：① 与气象台站观测资料获取的积雪参数的对比验证表明,遥感方法提取积雪参数的精度较高,误差日数大多在20 d以内,主要表现为遥感方法积雪日数的低估,初雪日期的延后和终雪日期的提前。② 除山地冰川和永久积雪外,天山和阿尔泰山山系间的北疆地区是研究区内季节性积雪最为丰富的地区,积雪日数一般在60 d以上,不过积雪的分布不均匀,大体上从边缘山区向内部盆地中心积雪日数递减,初雪日期延后,终雪日期提前。③ 干旱区在2005年、2007年和2002年积雪面积较大,而2008年和2006年积雪面积较小。各年稳定积雪存在的地区和范围相对稳定,面积变化不大,其年际变化主要体现在积雪日数的增减上;不稳定积雪的面积一般高于稳定积雪,且年际变化较大,积雪日数大多在20 d以内。 相似文献
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以500m分辨率的MOD10A2积雪遥感影像和气象站点数据为基础,以积雪覆盖率和初雪日与积雪日数为变量对玛纳斯河流域积雪的年内分配(2007年10月-2008年9月)与年际变化(1960年-2006年)进行了分析探讨.结果表明:水文年内玛纳斯河流域积雪变化较大,北部开阔的河谷地带积雪覆盖呈现明显的季节性变化;南部山区海... 相似文献
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天山乌鲁木齐河源区空冰斗积雪特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据2006年12月至2007年4月天山乌鲁木齐河源区空冰斗季节性积雪的观测资料,分析了该区域积雪厚度、积雪温度及积雪储水量的变化特征。结果表明:空冰斗积雪在观测初期比较稳定,随着降水量增加,积雪厚度也随之增加,4月中旬达到最大值,季节性积雪的持续时间约为7个月;积雪厚度最大值一般出现在海拔3830m附近,这一高度以下积雪厚度随海拔升高呈现增加的趋势,而在这一高度以上则呈相反趋势;积雪温度受气温影响明显,在观测期内随着气温的升高积雪温度也逐渐上升;研究期内积雪储水量高于上世纪90年代初的同期观测值。 相似文献
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利用2000—2017年LandsatTM数据,基于SNOMAP算法提取秦岭主峰太白山积雪面积,同时结合研究区地形数据及10个气象站点的气象观测数据,分析太白山积雪变化特征及其与地形、气候因素的关系。结果表明:(1)2000-2017年冷季太白山积雪面积在波动中减少。积雪面积消减率为24.15%;(2)影响太白山积雪变化的地形因素呈现出相同的规律特点,伴随海拔的升高,积雪覆盖率在2500m以上大幅减少,同时随坡度增大,积雪覆盖率总体随坡度变化呈V型分布;(3)气象因素中太白山积雪面积减少受冷季平均气温升高影响较大,通径分析结果显示太白山积雪面积变化受地形因素及气候因素等多方面因素影响。 相似文献
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区域尺度积雪信息的时空监测,对确定雪灾的影响范围及灾情等级划分具有重要意义。利用2002-2012年10个积雪季节的Terra Aqua/MODIS积雪产品(MOD10A2),按月最大面积合成,分析了内蒙古积雪覆盖面积的时空变化特征及气候响应。结果表明:时间上,近10年内蒙古积雪面积年内变化整体上呈现双峰和单峰的波动特点,最大积雪面积发生在12月和1月份,最小积雪面积发生在10月份。近10年内蒙古积雪面积年际变化呈现波动的特点,整体上积雪面积有减少的趋势。空间上大兴安岭西麓、呼伦贝尔高原以及乌珠穆沁盆地是积雪长时间覆盖区,锡林郭勒草原和乌兰察布草原的积雪面积变化主导着内蒙古的总体积雪面积波动,1月份之前是积雪面积增加的阶段,之后是积雪消融阶段。内蒙古的积雪面积变化与当地的气候条件变化趋势相关,气温的明显上升引起暖冬化,可能导致积雪面积的减少,说明内蒙古积雪面积的变化主要受气温的影响。 相似文献
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祁连山区气候变化与流域径流特征研究 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
用气候学、水文学及统计学方法,分析了国家级祁连山森林生态站长期定位监测数据,气温、降水对流域径流的影响关系,据此研究了该流域水热条件下流域径流,分析得出试验流域多年平均降水量为354.3mm,年平均气温为1.6℃,年平均出山径流为118.2mm,径流系数为0.33;随着季节温度的升高,径流量呈增加之势,反之亦然;随季节降水量的增加,径流量同时也呈增加的趋势。研究表明了温度、降水与流域出山径流量密切相关,为不同季节气候变化对流域径流的影响提供科学依据。 相似文献
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近50年来喀什噶尔河流域气温、降水及径流的变化趋势 总被引：23，自引：12，他引：11
应用喀什噶尔河流域内7个气象站、3个水文站的观测资料,分析了全流域、平原区和帕米尔高原的气温、降水以及出山口控制站年径流量的变化特征.结果显示:①从20世纪90年代开始,喀什噶尔河全流域以及平原区和帕米尔高原的年以及冬、秋季明显增暖,近5年春季迅速增温.从90年代起,全流域与高原区的年降水量明显增加,近5年平原区也明显增加;自90年代起全流域的春季、夏季降水明显增加,而近5年秋、冬季增湿迅速;近5年平原区的秋、春季以及冬季降水增加明显,高原区却以夏、秋季增湿最明显.②喀什噶尔河全流域以及平原区和帕米尔高原的年气温与降水量都呈显著的线性增加趋势.平原区的秋、冬季气温显著上升,冬季最明显,夏季呈不显著的下降趋势;平原区的四季降水呈不显著的上升趋势.帕米尔高原的夏、秋、冬季气温呈显著的上升趋势,秋季最明显;帕米尔高原的四季降水呈上升趋势,只有夏季的增湿趋势较显著.③喀什噶尔河年径流量(3站合计)近47年来呈显著的线性上升趋势,以3.0%·(10 a)-1的速率增加.流域内3条河流情况有所不同,克孜河径流量的线性增加趋势最明显,而盖孜河呈不显著的下降趋势. 相似文献
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Jinping LIU 《干旱区科学》2017,9(5):763-777
Snow cover plays an important role in the fields of climatology and cryospheric science. Remotely-sensed data have been proven to be effective in monitoring snow covers. Improved methods to process the 8-day snow-cover products derived from MODIS Terra/Aqua data can dramatically increase the data quality and reduce noise. A five-step algorithm for removing cloud effects was designed to improve the quality of MODIS snow products, and the overall accuracy of the MODIS snow data without cloud(defined as cloud-free snow-cover dataset) was enhanced by more than 90% based on direct and indirect validation methods. The snow-cover frequency(SCF) and snow-cover rate(SCR) of Central Asia were analyzed from 2000 to 2015 using trend analysis and empirical orthogonal functions(EOFs). Over the plain regions, the SCF displayed a significant north-south declining trend with a rate of 0.03 per degree of latitude, and the SCR showed a similar north-south gradient. In the mountainous areas, the SCF significantly increased with altitude by 0.12 per kilometer. Within the study area, the SCF in 65% of the study area experienced an increasing trend, but only 4.3% of the SCF-increasing pixels passed a significance test. The remaining 35% of the area underwent a decreasing trend of SCF, but only 5.2% of the SCF-decreasing pixels passed a significance test. For the entire Central Asia, the inter-annual variations of snow-cover presented a slight and insignificant increase trend from 2000 to 2015. However, the change trends of snow cover are different between the plain and mountainous regions. That is, the annual mean SCR in the plain areas displayed an increasing trend, but a decreasing trend was found in the mountainous areas. 相似文献
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Uncertainties of snow cover extraction caused by the nature of topography and underlying surface 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Manas River,the largest inland river to the north of the Tianshan Mountains,provides important water resources for human production and living.The seasonal snow cover and snowmelt play essential roles in the regulation of spring runoff in the Manas River Basin(MRB).Snow cover is one of the most significant input parameters for obtaining accurate simulations and predictions of spring runoff.Therefore,it is especially important to extract snow-covered area correctly in the MRB.In this study,we qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed the uncertainties of snow cover extraction caused by the terrain factors and land cover types using TM and DEM data,along with the Per(the ratio of the difference between snow-covered area extracted by the Normalized Difference Snow Index(NDSI) method and visual interpretation method to the actual snow-covered area) and roughness.The results indicated that the difference of snow-covered area extracted by the two methods was primarily reflected in the snow boundary and shadowy areas.The value of Per varied significantly in different elevation zones.That is,the value generally presented a normal distribution with the increase of elevation.The peak value of Per occurred in the elevation zone of 3,700–4,200 m.Aspects caused the uncertainties of snow cover extraction with the order of sunny slopesemi-shady and semi-sunny slopeshady slope,due to the differences in solar radiation received by each aspect.Regarding the influences of various land cover types on snow cover extraction in the study area,bare rock was more influential on snow cover extraction than grassland.Moreover,shrub had the weakest impact on snow cover extraction. 相似文献
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基于SWAT模型的开都河流域径流模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在遥感和GIS技术支持下,应用SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)分布式模型对开都河流域1988-2009年逐月径流进行模拟。结果表明:模拟结果与实测径流较吻合,校准期(1990-2000年)效率系数为0.58,平均相对误差为-5.7%,线性拟合度为0.8,验证期(2000-2009年)的结果与校准期接近,均达到了模型的评价标准,结果具有一定的可信度,SWAT模型适用于开都河流域的径流模拟;季节性融雪是研究区径流形成的重要组成,结合研究区的特性,确定了研究区的各项积雪/融雪参数,提高了冬春季节径流模拟的准确性。 相似文献
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开都河源区径流变化的气候响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
气候变化下的山区径流时空变异特征是干旱区水文水资源研究的热点之一。本研究选择天山南坡开都河流域源区为典型研究区,基于1958-2017年大山口水文站和巴音布鲁克水文站径流数据,及巴音布鲁克气象观测数据,采用TFPW-MK趋势检验、小波分析与小波相干等方法分析径流序列的趋势、突变和周期特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:近60 a来,开都河源区径流、降水、气温呈显著增加趋势,并且径流量、降水量与最高气温的增率在加快,而平均气温与最低气温的增率减缓;径流量、降水与平均气温的突变年份集中在20世纪90年代,并且均存在28 a的周期;夏季径流量增加主要受夏季升温的影响,而早春径流量增加主要与冬季降水增加、早春升温有关;在年尺度上,降水是影响开都河径流变化的主要因素,气温主要以积温形式影响着径流的变化;在月尺度上,积温与降水均与径流呈显著正相关关系,且源区上游径流较下游径流对气温变化更为敏感。 相似文献
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气候变化可以改变积雪持续的时间、雪盖储水量及积雪开始融化的时间,从而影响土壤水分时空分配。利用TFACE（temperature free air controlled enhancement）的增温装置,在中国科学院天山积雪与雪崩研究站的融雪季节进行为期一个月的室外增温试验。试验包括3种处理：自然状态、增温Ⅰ和增温Ⅱ。结果表明：气温的升高和增温区内局部空气热对流加入的黑色粉尘物质加速了积雪的消融;在增温Ⅰ和增温Ⅱ条件下,积雪将提前19 d和25 d 消融,相应的各土层土壤水分也出现不同程度的增加。与此同时,土壤水分最大值也提前13 d和22 d。土壤水分极值的提前预示着以融雪水为重要来源、以超渗产流模式为主的河流洪峰的提前,或者超渗产流模式向蓄满产流模式的转变。这将给区域内水资源的时空分布和管理分配带来影响。 相似文献
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积雪变化特征及与气候之间的关系——以乌鲁木齐地区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
本文研究和探讨了乌鲁木齐地区积雪的变化特征,利用1990年—2004年遥感气象卫星积雪监测资料和地面观测点信息,一方面对积雪的时间变化进行回归分析,提出了雪盖和雪深的增长和衰减模型;另一方面与气候因子(气温与降水)进行复合分析,提出雪盖和雪深的气温降水复合模型。从而加深对乌鲁木齐积雪的认识,其定性和定量分析可为农牧业、水利部门提供有益参考。 相似文献
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以图们江干流区间为研究对象，应用Mann-Kendall非参数检验法分析干流区间4个水文站点径流年际与年内变化趋势。在此基础上，采用R/S分析方法分析年径流、季节径流和月径流变化趋势在未来的可持续性，利用Mann-Kendall突变检验方法分析各水文站点年径流、季节径流和月径流发生突变的年份。结果表明：图们江干流区间各水文站径流年际和年内变化趋势均与干流径流变化趋势一致，呈下降趋势，非汛期径流下降的贡献主要来自春季和冬季径流的下降；Hurst指数表明，上游径流变化趋势的持续性最强，下游的持续性相对较弱；1985年是图们江干流区间年径流发生突变的年份，且降水量也发生了变化，可以推测降水量可能是径流不断减少的重要因素。 相似文献
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积雪含水率是干旱区季节性积雪出流的重要条件。描述了融雪期干旱区季节性积雪含水率的变化,利用数理统计方法分析了影响因素,并采用多元统计模型进行模拟。结果表明:1)融雪期干旱区季节性积雪含水率变化范围在0-8%之间。积雪含水率融雪前期变化较小,在0-1%之间,融雪后期变化幅度增加,在1-8%之间;2)融雪前期、后期积雪含水率大致从下层至上层依次减少,中期反之;3)气温是积雪含水率变化的主要影响因素,其具有滞后性。 相似文献
19.
人类活动对泾河流域径流时空变化的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以泾河流域内14个水文站和189个雨量站的水文序列数据(1966-2005)为基础,分析了泾河流域径流的时空变化特征,并评估了人类活动对径流的影响.结果表明:径流呈明显的减少趋势,尤其是2000年后减少趋势极为显著;各子流域间径流变化存在明显的空间差异,以干流杨家坪以上及雨落坪、杨家坪至张家山区间各子流域的径流系列减少... 相似文献
20.
WU Changxue 《干旱区科学》2022,14(12):1344-1360
Exploring the current runoff characteristics after the large-scale implementation of the Grain for Green (GFG) project and investigating its sensitivities to potential drivers are crucial for water resource prediction and management. Based on the measured runoff data of 62 hydrological stations in the Weihe River Basin (WRB) from 2006 to 2018, we analyzed the temporal and spatial runoff characteristics in this study. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between different runoff indicators and climate-related factors. Additionally, an improved Budyko framework was applied to assess the sensitivities of annual runoff to precipitation, potential evaporation, and other factors. The results showed that the daily runoff flow duration curves (FDCs) of all selected hydrological stations fall in three narrow ranges, with the corresponding mean annual runoff spanning approximately 1.50 orders of magnitude, indicating that the runoff of different hydrological stations in the WRB varied greatly. The trend analysis of runoff under different exceedance frequencies showed that the runoff from the south bank of the Weihe River was more affluent and stable than that from the north bank. The runoff was unevenly distributed throughout the year, mainly in the flood season, accounting for more than 50.00% of the annual runoff. However, the trend of annual runoff change was not obvious in most areas. Correlation analysis showed that rare-frequency runoff events were more susceptible to climate factors. In this study, daily runoff under 10%-20% exceeding frequencies, consecutive maximum daily runoff, and low-runoff variability rate had strong correlations with precipitation, aridity index, and average runoff depth on rainy days. In comparison, daily runoff under 50%-99% exceeding frequencies, consecutive minimum daily runoff, and high-runoff variability rate had weak correlations with all selected impact factors. The sensitivity analysis results suggested that the sensitivity of annual runoff to precipitation was always higher than that to potential evaporation. The runoff about 87.10% of the selected hydrological stations were most sensitive to precipitation changes, and 12.90% were most sensitive to other factors. The spatial pattern of the sensitivity analysis indicated that in relatively humid southern areas, runoff was more sensitive to potential evaporation and other factors, and less sensitive to precipitation. 相似文献