共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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随着人民生活水平大幅提高,近几年市场对香米的需求量不断增加,香型水稻绥粳4号种植面积越来越大,很多农民在种植绥粳4号时,在肥料的使用上有很大的盲目性,尤其是氮肥。对此,该试验设计低﹑中﹑高3个氮肥量和氮肥基蘖肥与穗粒肥4个不同比例处理的研究。结果表明:绥粳4号在高肥,氮肥基蘖肥与穗粒肥的比例7∶3条件下分蘖较多,空瘪率较低,产量表现最好。 相似文献
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香稻香气形成的生理特性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以非香稻品种华粳籼74为对照,对4个不同基因型香稻的香气及香气合成相关氨基酸和酶进行了比较生理学研究.研究发现:所有参试香稻品种的糙米香气含量均高于对照;香稻品种籽粒游离脯氨酸含量和脯氨酸氧化酶活性以及桂香占和培杂软香籽粒总游离氨基酸含量也高于华粳籼74.通过主成分分析证实,游离脯氨酸、脯氨酸氧化酶和总游离氨基酸是香稻香气合成的主要因子,而鸟氨酸转氨酶与香稻香气的形成无明显关系. 相似文献
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增香栽培对香稻香气和产量的影响及其相关生理机制 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】探明增香栽培技术对香稻香气含量和产量形成的影响及其机理。【方法】以常规香稻品种桂香占、美香占2号、中香1号、饶平香为材料进行大田对比试验,设置香稻增香栽培技术与香稻常规栽培技术（对照）2个处理,测定水稻分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆成熟期的生物学指标、糙米香气2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉（2-AP）含量、产量及其构成因素。【结果】与常规栽培技术比较,增香栽培技术显著提高了香稻糙米和精米的香气含量,齐穗后剑叶和籽粒的游离脯氨酸含量和脯氨酸氧化酶活性;分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期和成熟期的叶片（剑叶）叶绿素含量（SPAD）、叶面积指数（LAI）和地上部分干物质积累量,抽穗至成熟期的茎鞘物质输出率和群体光合势;有效穗数、群体总颖花量、结实率和收获产量,但对千粒重均无显著影响。【结论】增香栽培技术能显著提高香稻叶片和籽粒的游离脯氨酸含量和脯氨酸氧化酶活性,从而显著增加其糙米2-AP的含量;同时增香栽培技术显著提高了香稻生育前中期的地上部分干物质积累和生育后期的茎鞘物质转运率和群体光合能力,从而促进了香稻有效穗数、群体总颖花量、结实率和收获产量的增加,最终表现为增香栽培技术能协同提高香稻糙米和精米的2-AP含量与籽粒产量。 相似文献
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Comparisons of yield performance and nitrogen response between hybrid and inbred rice under different ecological conditions in southern China 
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下载免费PDF全文 JIANG Peng XIE Xiao-bing HUANG Min ZHOU Xue-feng ZHANG Rui-chun CHEN Jia-na WU Dan-dan XIA Bing XU Fu-xian XIONG Hong ZOU Ying-bin 《农业科学学报》2015,14(7):1283-1294
In order to understand the yield performance and nitrogen(N) response of hybrid rice under different ecological conditions in southern China, field experiments were conducted in Huaiji County of Guangdong Province, Binyang of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Changsha City of Hunan Province, southern China in 2011 and 2012. Two hybrid(Liangyoupeijiu and Y-liangyou 1) and two inbred rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Huanghuazhan) were grown under three N treatments(N1, 225 kg ha–1; N2, 112.5–176 kg ha–1; N3, 0 kg ha–1) in each location. Results showed that grain yield was higher in Changsha than in Huaiji and Binyang for both hybrid and inbred cultivars. The higher grain yield in Changsha was attributed to larger panicle size(spikelets per panicle) and higher biomass production. Consistently higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars was observed in Changsha but not in Huaiji and Binyang. Higher grain weight and higher biomass production were responsible for the higher grain yield in hybrid than in inbred cultivars in Changsha. The better crop performance of rice(especially hybrid cultivars) in Changsha was associated with its temperature conditions and indigenous soil N. N2 had higher internal N use efficiency, recovery efficiency of applied N, agronomic N use efficiency, and partial factor productivity of applied N than N1 for both hybrid and inbred cultivars, while the difference in grain yield between N1 and N2 was relatively small. Our study suggests that whether hybrid rice can outyield inbred rice to some extent depends on the ecological conditions, and N use efficiency can be increased by using improved nitrogen management such as site-specific N management in both hybrid and inbred rice production. 相似文献
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孕穗期低温胁迫对寒地水稻产量和品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以黑龙江省25份主栽水稻品种及苗头品系为试材,在孕穗期平均16.1℃,处理5 d的试材为低温处理,以正常栽培管理的试材为对照,分析低温胁迫对不同水稻品种(系)品质性状及产量的影响。结果表明,低温处理导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,根据相对结实率分为1、3和5级,其中以3级最多、5级最少,分别占总材料的56%和8%。低温处理导致材料糙米粒长、宽和厚下降,但是1和3级材料下降幅度更大;低温处理稻米整精米率、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、起浆温度和消减值增加,稻米糙米率、精米率、最高黏度和崩解值下降,但是耐冷性中等的材料直链淀粉和蛋白质含量增加幅度更大。相关分析表明,相对结实率与每穴实粒数、每穴产量和冷胶黏度的冷水反映指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与崩解值和回复值的CRI值呈显著正相关。综上所述,孕穗期低温胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在低温胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重、直链淀粉和蛋白质含量及最高黏度对低温反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量和优良品质的重要形态特征和生理原因。 相似文献
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小麦、油菜耐缺锰能力田间比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用耐缺锰能力不同的７个油菜品种和２个小麦品种,在水旱轮作的严重缺锰土壤上,进行了２种作物不同品种耐缺锰能力的比较研究。结果表明,在同样的缺锰土壤上,油菜的耐缺锰能力明显高于小麦。７个油菜品种中,有５个品种仅在秧田期出现了轻度缺锰症,但持续时间较短,移栽至大田后所有油菜品种均未出现缺锰症,且缺锰处理植株叶色、长势和收获后的籽粒产量与正常供锰处理相比没有明显差异。而２个小麦品种则从分蘖期开始出现缺锰症,并一直持续到孕穗期。其中,耐缺锰能力相对较纱的川麦２２号发病更为严重。缺锰胁迫使小麦减产３０％以上。在水旱轮作的缺锰土壤上,直播油菜相对产量略高于移栽油菜。 相似文献
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[目的]鉴定广西地方香稻品种的香味及其香味基因型,为开发和利用广西香稻地方种质资源及选育优质特色香稻品种提供理论依据.[方法]将传统香味鉴定方法(KoH浸泡法和籽粒咀嚼法)与分子标记技术结合,对179份广西地方香稻种质资源的香味及其香味基因型进行鉴定.[结果]179份供试材料中,KOH浸泡法检测到具有香味的材料167份,籽粒咀嚼法检测到具有香味的材料124份.籽粒咀嚼法鉴定为香稻的品种中97.58%能用KOH浸泡法鉴定出香味,但KOH浸泡法鉴定为香稻的品种中仅72.46%能用籽粒咀嚼法鉴定出香味.利用分子标记法能检测到等位基因的有71份,占供试材料总数的39.66%,主要以InDel7和InDel4-5等位基因为主,其中仅1份检测到InDel2等位基因,40份检测到InDe17等位基因,37份检测到InDel4-5等位基因,未检测到InDel13等位基因,但有7份同时检测到In-Del7等位基因和InDel4-5等位基因.71份能检测到等位基因的材料中有69份被籽粒咀嚼法和/或KOH浸泡法鉴定为香稻品种,正确率达97.18%.在籽粒咀嚼法和KOH浸泡法均鉴定为香稻的121个品种中,香味表型明确,但仅有55个品种能检测到等位基因,检出率为45.45%.来自百色市的供试材料中能检测到等位基因的品种占该市香稻品种总数的53.19%,含有InDe12、InDel7和InDel4-5等位基因型,但以Indel7等位基因型为主;来自河池市的供试材料中能检测到等位基因品种占该市香稻品种总数的比例最高,达64.10%,但只检测到2种基因型,以Indel4-5等位基因型为主;柳州市及其他市能检测到等位基因的比例远低于百色市和河池市.[结论]广西香稻地方品种具有较强的地域特色,不同地区的香稻香味等位基因存在明显差异,且可能存在已报道的等位基因之外的香味基因或香味等位基因,仅用4个已报道的等位基因不足以检测出全部的香稻品种,应将分子标记法与传统鉴定方法相结合,才可更准确鉴定出香稻品种. 相似文献
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为了研究不同行距插秧机对双季稻产量的影响及配套农艺技术,以11个早晚稻品种为材料,设置8寸和9寸两个机插行距,系统测定不同处理的机插质量和产量。结果表明：8寸插秧机的机插质量高,作业性能稳定;8寸插秧机较9寸插秧机,早稻增产347.30 kg/hm2,增产率达5.49%,晚稻增产579.54 kg/hm2,增产率达9.12%。基于试验支持研究和已有相关研究成果,制定了适应8寸插秧机的配套农艺技术。 相似文献
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SONG Wen-en CHEN Shi-bao LIU Ji-fang CHEN Li SONG Ning-ning LI Ning LIU Bin 《农业科学学报》2015,14(9):1845-1854
It is imperative to derive an appropriate cadmium(Cd) health risk toxicity threshold for paddy soils to ensure the Cd concentration of rice grains meet the food safety standard. In this study, 20 rice cultivars from the main rice producing areas in China were selected, and a pot-experiment was conducted to investigate transformation of Cd in paddy soil-rice system with 0(CK), 0.3 mg kg–1(T1) and 0.6 mg kg–1(T2) Cd treatments in greenhouse. The results showed that Cd concentrations of rice grains existed significant difference(P0.05) in 20 rice cultivars under the same Cd level in soil. The Cd concentrations of rice grains of the CK, T1 and T2 treatments were in the range of 0.143–0.202, 0.128–0.458 and 0.332–0.806 mg kg–1, respectively. Marked differences of the ratios of Cd concentration for soil to rice grain(BCFs) and transfer factors(TFs, root to grain and straw to grain) among the tested cultivars were observed in this study. The bioconcentration factors(BCFgrain) and TFs of the 20 rice cultivars were 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The TFs of Cd from straw to grain ranged from 0.366 to 1.71, with significant differences among these 20 rice cultivars. The bioconcentration factors(BCFgrain) and TFs among the 20 rice cultivars ranged from 0.300–1.112 and 0.342–0.817, respectively. The species-sensitivity distribution(SSD) of Cd sensitivity of the rice species could be fitted well with Burr-III(R2=0.987) based on the data of BCFs. The toxicity threshold of Cd derived from SSD for the paddy soil was 0.507 mg kg–1 in the present study. 相似文献
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水稻香味的遗传及其品质质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对稻米香味的遗传及稻米香味品质质量作出了评价。以IR36[（桂花黄×红光稻）F5×国际大粒香稻]×F4（香籼型）复合杂交为组合方式,研究了F2和F3单粒稻米的香味遗传特点。杂种稻米（F2）无香味：有香味符合15：1的遗传分离比。水稻香味性状遗传为质量一数量遗传,其遗传控制主要受制于2对独立遗传的隐性主基因,同时有至少2对微效基因参与作用。 相似文献
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抽穗灌浆早期高温与干旱对不同水稻品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
【目的】探讨在高温和干旱胁迫下不同水稻品种产量和品质形成的特点。【方法】常规中熟籼稻品种黄华占（耐热品种）和双桂1号（热敏感品种）与超级稻品种两优培九（两系杂交籼稻）和扬粳4038（粳稻）种植于盆钵,于抽穗和灌浆早期（始穗后0-10 d）设置高温（日最高温度为37.5℃）、干旱（土壤水势保持在-30±10 kPa）、高温+干旱3种处理,以同期自然温度且正常供水为对照。【结果】与对照相比,高温、干旱和高温+干旱3种处理均显著降低了各品种的花粉可育率、受精率、结实率和产量;降低了精米率、整精米率和崩解值,增加了垩白米率、垩白度和消减值。高温及高温+干旱处理对产量和稻米品质的影响,热敏感品种双桂1号大于耐热品种黄华占,两优培九和扬粳4038大于双桂1号和黄华占。干旱对产量和稻米品质的影响,热敏感品种大于耐热品种;双桂1号和黄华占大于两优培九和扬粳4038。高温、干旱或高温+干旱胁迫对产量和稻米品质的影响与其对根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性的影响结果趋势一致。【结论】抽穗与灌浆早期高温或干旱胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响在品种间存在很大差异,双桂1号和黄华占的耐热性强于两优培九和扬粳4038,两优培九和扬粳4038的耐旱性则强于双桂1号和黄华占。在高温或干旱胁迫下根系氧化力、叶片光合速率和抗氧化保护酶活性高是一些水稻品种保持较高产量的重要生理原因。 相似文献
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Yulin Liao Shengxian Zheng Yanhong Lu Zengping Yang Jun Nie Jian Xie 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2010,4(4):406-415
A 27 years field experiment was conducted on a Fe-Accumli Stagnic Anthrosol to evaluate the effects of long-term application
of fertilizer, pig manure (PM), and rice straw (RS) on rice yield, uptake, and usage efficiency of potassium, soil K pools,
and the nonexchangeable K release under the double rice cropping system in South Central China. Common cropping pattern in
the study was early rice-late rice-fallow (winter). The field treatments included CK (no fertilizer applied), NP, NK, NPK,
and NK + PM, NP + RS, NPK + RS. The pig manure and rice straw was applied in both the early rice and late rice cropping season.
The ranking order of 27 years average annual grain yield were the CK<NK<NP<NK + PM<NP + RS<NPK<NPK + RS treatments. The negative
yield change trends were observed in the CK and NP and NK treatments of unbalanced nutrient application in the case of omitted-K
and P-omitted. The positive yield change trends were observed in balanced applications of NPK and combined application of
fertilizer (NPK) with pig manure (NK + PM) or rice straw (NP + RS and NPK + RS). The application of K fertilizer (NPK) increased
grain yield by 56.7 kg·hm−2·a−1 over that obtained with no K application (NP). The combined application of pig manure with fertilizer (NK + PM) increased
by 82.2 kg·hm−2 per year compared with fertilizer application alone (NK). The combined application of rice straw with fertilizer (NP + RS
and NPK + RS) increased on the average of 34.4 kg·hm−2 per year compared with fertilizer application alone (NP and NPK). In all fertilizer, pig manure and rice straw combinations,
K uptake change trends in rice plants of the early rice was positive except for CK and NP treatments. The results showed that
the total removal of K by the rice plants exceeded the amounts of total K applied to the soil in all treatments, which showed
a negative K balance. This ranged from 106.3 kg·hm−2·a−1 in CK treatment to 289.6 kg·hm−2·a−1 in the NPK + RS treatment. Continuous annual application of 199.2 K kg·hm−2 to rice resulted in an accumulation (58 kg·hm−2) of exchangeable K (1 mol NH4OAc extractable K) in 0–45 cm soil depth over the study period, despite the higher average annual uptake of K by the system
(225.7 kg·hm−2). However, nonexchangeable K increased substantially from 1090 kg·hm−2 to 1113 kg·hm−2 and 1140 kg·hm−2 in the 0–45 cm soil layer in NPK + RS and NPK treatments after 27 years of the continuous double rice cropping system, respectively.
Thus, long-term rational application of K fertilizer may increase sustainable K fertility of the continuous double rice cropped
system. 相似文献
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水稻强化栽培的适宜秧龄和栽植密度研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以杂交稻协优527为材料,研究了在强化栽培条件下适宜的移栽叶龄和栽植密度。结果表明不同移栽叶龄(2~5叶龄)对其产量的影响很小,在强化栽培应用中,可以采用4~5叶龄的带蘖秧苗移栽;在本试验范围内,强化栽培的适宜栽培密度为9万穴/hm2~13·5万穴/hm2,此时,后期光合产物积累多,穗、粒结构合理,产量可达最高。 相似文献
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Comparison of grain yield and quality of different types of japonica rice cultivars in the northern Jiangsu plain,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In recent years, an increasing number of different types of japonica rice cultivars have been released in the southern rice region of China. The grain yield and quality of these new cultivars showed significant differences in large scale planting. However, the causes of the differences remain little known. Therefore, three typical types of japonica rice cultivars were used in this study to investigate their grain yield and quality. A scanning calorimeter(DSC), X-ray powder diffractometer(XRD), rapid viscosity analyzer(RVA) and taste analyzer were used to evaluate the cooking and eating properties. The results showed that the yield of non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars and soft inbred japonica rice cultivars. Soft inbred japonica rice cultivars had a low amylose content and moderate protein content, which are the main reasons for the superior cooking and eating quality. In addition, the relative crystallinity of soft inbred japonica rice cultivars was significantly higher than that of non-soft inbred and non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars, which is considered the major factor resulting in higher transition temperature and gelatinization enthalpy(ΔHgel). Non-soft hybrid japonica rice cultivars had a higher number of large starch granules than soft inbred and non-soft inbred japonica rice cultivars. The setback value(SB) and breakdown value(BD), indirectly reflecting the cooking and eating quality of the three types of japonica rice cultivars, also confirmed that soft inbred japonica rice cultivars with a low SB value and a high BD value had better palatability than the other two types. This study provides guidance for future plantation of different types of japonica rice cultivars in large rice-producing areas. 相似文献
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灌浆结实期不同温度下早籼稻米淀粉链长分布与结构特征差异分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
利用人工气候箱设高温（32℃）和适温（22℃）两个典型温度处理，对4个早籼水稻品种在不同灌浆结实期温度下的淀粉链长特征与晶体结构差异进行了分析。结果表明，高温处理下稻米淀粉的长B链（Fr II-1）的比例明显下降，其平均分子聚合度也有所减小，而中等B链（Fr II-2）的比例则有所上升，其余淀粉组分的比例及其平均分子聚合度在不同温度处理下的变化规律则不明显，可能与品种本身的淀粉类型特性有关；对不同温度处理后淀粉的X-衍射图谱分析表明，灌浆结实期的不同温度处理并不影响稻米淀粉的晶体类型，但对淀粉的微晶结构有着一定影响，高温处理下X-衍射图谱中的18?2θ峰相对较高、17?2θ峰相对较低，其变化与稻米淀粉中的长B链含量呈显著负相关，而与中等B链含量呈正相关。 相似文献
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播期和种植密度对水稻“中浙优1号”RVA特征值和米饭质地的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以水稻组合"中浙优1号"为材料,研究播期和种植密度对其常规品质、RVA特征值和米饭质地的影响。结果表明,不同播期和密度处理下,供试样品的整精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉、RVA的消减值和回复值以及米饭硬度共6项指标差异达显著水平。不同播期试验中,播期Ⅲ(6/15)稻米的整精米率最高;播期Ⅰ(6/5)、Ⅱ(6/10)样品的淀粉RVA特征曲线接近,且其峰值粘度明显高于后3个播期;后3个播期淀粉RVA特征谱接近;播期Ⅰ、Ⅱ米饭粘性较高,且播期Ⅱ的硬度最小。不同种植密度处理试验中,种植密度Ⅱ(13.5万丛/hm2)处理的整精米率最低,种植密度Ⅴ(27万丛/hm2)的整精米率最高,两者差异达6.1%;种植密度Ⅴ处理的RVA的消减值、回复值和米饭质地的硬度均为最小。"中浙优1号"在温州地区可于6月10日左右播种,并选择27万丛/hm2的种植密度,其RVA的消减值约-50 RVU,米饭硬度约0.5 kg,粘性约20.0 g.mm2,米饭食味品质较好且米饭冷后不易回生。 相似文献