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1.
《植物病理学报》2017,(1)
水稻纹枯病是严重影响水稻生产的真菌病害,水稻相对病斑高度法作为评估立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA致病力的传统方法,需要将水稻培养至分蘖末期或抽穗期,再进行活体接种,耗时耗力,且试验条件不易控制。本研究以水稻相对病斑高度法(活体接种)为对照,利用水稻离体叶鞘法和离体叶片法测定了水稻纹枯病菌致病力和粗毒素活性,比较活体接种法与离体接种法的相关性。结果表明水稻离体叶片法、水稻离体叶鞘法和水稻相对病斑法测定致病力和粗毒素活性结果均呈显著正相关,水稻离体叶片法和离体叶鞘法测定结果能够准确反映立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA的致病力和粗毒素活性,离体评估方法操作方便,试验条件易于控制。因此,水稻离体叶片法、叶鞘法可以替代活体接种法作为测定立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA致病力和粗毒素活性的方法。水稻离体叶片法、叶鞘法与活体接种法结合起来可作为测定立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA毒素活性测定的新方法。本研究的结果还表明,水稻不同组织对水稻纹枯病菌毒素敏感性不同,水稻的叶鞘组织比叶片组织对纹枯病菌敏感。由于粗毒素的致病力与活体菌株接种的致病力存在显著差异,因此纹枯病菌毒素以外的致病因子,也是不容忽视的。在定量分析立枯丝核菌AG-1 IA与水稻的互作中,需要将不同水稻的组织进行区分,才能更加精准地了解互作机制。 相似文献
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稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe oryzae)引起的稻瘟病是水稻上最重要的病害之一。效应蛋白作为一类重要的致病因子,在稻瘟菌与水稻的互作过程中起着重要作用;但目前鉴定的效应蛋白大多为经典分泌蛋白。在前期工作中,本研究室利用Shotgun质谱技术建立了稻瘟菌分泌蛋白质组数据库。其中,一个未表征的分泌蛋白(DUF967 domain-containing protein,命名为MoUPE4)被预测为候选效应子,其不含信号肽,属于非经典的分泌蛋白。本研究利用qRT-PCR、农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达、基因过表达、生物学表型、致病性测定等方法,对MoUPE4功能进行了分析。结果表明,MoUPE4基因的表达水平在稻瘟菌侵染水稻早期显著上调。在农杆菌介导的烟草瞬时表达试验中,MoUPE4能抑制由BAX引起的烟草叶片细胞坏死反应和H2O2积累。与稻瘟菌野生型菌株相比,过表达菌株OE-MoUPE4在菌落生长、对胁迫因子的敏感性、产孢量、分生孢子形态、分生孢子萌发、附着胞形成等方面都没有明显变化,但对水稻的致病力显著上升,在水稻植株内的真菌生物量明显增加。上述结... 相似文献
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湖南水稻主栽品种对水稻细菌性条斑病的抗性鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2008年和2009年选用水稻细菌性条斑病菌3个致病力不同的菌株、采用针刺接种法对湖南省54个水稻主栽品种进行抗性鉴定,结果表明,供试品种对上述3个菌株的抗性存在明显差异。其中,对3个菌株均表现中抗以上水平的品种仅8个,占鉴定总数的14.8%,比例较低。对接种致病力最强菌株RSGD10后各水稻品种产生的病斑长度进行差异显著性分析,表明供试的水稻主栽品种间抗性存在显著差异。选用RSGD10喷雾接种上述品种,结果表明供试品种对条斑病的抗性差异也明显,其中,病级表现1级的品种9个,比例为16.7%。比较针刺和喷雾两种方法的抗性鉴定结果,两种方法对水稻品种抗性的鉴定结果基本一致,揭示水稻品种对条斑病的抗侵入和抗扩展呈显著相关。 相似文献
4.
采用人工接种方法,将烟草立枯病病菌菌株TRs-5接种于烟草云烟87的不同部位,观察其发病效果。研究了菌株接种体在不同接种温度和培养时间对发病效果的影响,并比较了其与稻纹枯病病菌菌株RRs08-22-2接种于水稻品种中优679的致病效果。结果表明,菌株TRs-5既能侵染烟草幼苗近地表的茎基部,导致其发病,也能侵染烟草成株苗叶面形成坏死病斑。在温度28℃环境下接种比在20℃的导致发病更严重。用培养2 d的菌丝体接种比培养4 d的导致更大的病斑。在寄主烟草上,菌株TRs-5比菌株RRs08-22-2的致病力强,但在寄主水稻上,菌株TRs-5比菌株RRs08-22-2的致病力弱。初步发现这2个病菌与2个寄主之间存在致病专化现象。 相似文献
5.
为研制新型绿色高效稻瘟病防控药剂,分别测定黄芩苷对稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae附着胞形成、菌落生长、菌丝侵染和致病力的影响以及对稻瘟病的防效。结果显示,黄芩苷抑制稻瘟病菌附着胞形成和菌落生长的最低浓度分别为100 μmol/L和500 μmol/L,在100 μmol/L浓度下黄芩苷能抑制稻瘟病菌侵染菌丝在水稻叶鞘细胞中的扩展及叶片病斑的形成;在盆栽接种试验中,对照组的水稻苗表现为感病和中抗,所占比例分别为38%和62%,而黄芩苷处理组的水稻苗表现为抗病和中抗,其中表现为抗病的水稻苗比例超过70%;黄芩苷处理后,稻瘟病菌分生孢子细胞死亡率比对照组极显著降低。表明黄芩苷通过抑制稻瘟病菌分生孢子的细胞程序性死亡干扰了稻瘟病菌附着胞的形成,从而能有效防控稻瘟病,具有开发为新型绿色高效稻瘟病防控药剂的潜力。 相似文献
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青枯菌(Pseudomonas solanacearum)在番茄抗、感病品种根部的吸附、侵入和繁殖 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用不同的方法接种和利用扫描、透射电镜观察,研究不同致病力的青枯菌对番茄抗病及感病品种根部的吸附、侵入与繁殖。发现番茄抗病品种与感病品种的植株体内在菌体数量上有明显差异,而与青枯菌对番茄根部的吸附关系不显著。电镜观察发现青枯菌强致病力菌株菌体能以游离的形式存在于番茄感病品种根部的细胞间隙中,并能降解植株细胞壁、破坏原生质膜;青枯菌强致病力菌株菌体在抗病品种根内和青枯菌强致病力菌株在抗病及感病品种根内均被番茄植株细胞壁吸附,并且被细胞壁周围的浓密物质所包围。 相似文献
9.
青枯菌(Pseudomonas solanacearum)在番茄抗、感病品种根部的吸附、侵入和繁殖 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用不同的方法接种和利用扫描、透射电镜观察,研究不同致病力的青枯菌对番茄抗病及感病品种根部的吸附、侵入与繁殖。发现番茄抗病品种与感病品种的植株体内在菌体数量上有明显差异,而与青枯菌对番茄根部的吸附关系不显著。电镜观察发现青枯菌强致病力菌株菌体能以游离的形式存在于番茄感病品种根部的细胞间隙中,并能降解植株细胞壁、破坏原生质膜;青枯菌强致病力菌株菌体在抗病品种根内和青枯菌强致病力菌株在抗病及感病品种根内均被番茄植株细胞壁吸附,并且被细胞壁周围的浓密物质所包围。 相似文献
10.
水稻稻瘟病菌小种间相对生存力研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用水稻稻瘟病菌ZA_(49)、ZD_3和ZE_3 3个小种,各2个小种为一组合,以等孢子量混合,于相同条件下在秀水620和秀水48两个感病品种上进行继代接种,经5个世代的转接结果表明:在秀水620上ZA_(49)小种较ZD_3和ZE_3小种具更强的致病力,在秀水48上,ZE_3小种较ZA_(49)和ZD_3小种具更强的致病力,同样其相对生存力也强,两者呈正相关。病菌小种间相对生存力的强弱与病菌小种在品种上单独接种时产生的病斑数、病斑大小和产孢量有关。相对生存力强的小种在病菌群体中易取得优势,从而导致寄主品种的病害量增加。因此认为小种间相对生存力差异也是影响水稻稻瘟病菌群体小种组成发生变化的因素之一。 相似文献
11.
A study on the pathogenicity of 81 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (PSS) isolated from 16 different hosts was conducted on lilac plants, bean pods and pear seedlings, using artificial inoculation.
Only 55 among the 81 strains induced a necrotic lesion when inoculated on lilac leaves. On bean pods, all but one of the bean isolates, and only eight strains among the 52 strains isolated from other hosts, induced typical green water-soaked lesions. On pear leaves, only pear isolates incited a typical progressive necrotic reaction, the isolates from other origins inducing no symptoms or a weak reaction limited to the inoculation point. This study indicates that in addition to the large variability observed in aggressiveness of PSS strains, host specificity occurred on bean and pear. 相似文献
Only 55 among the 81 strains induced a necrotic lesion when inoculated on lilac leaves. On bean pods, all but one of the bean isolates, and only eight strains among the 52 strains isolated from other hosts, induced typical green water-soaked lesions. On pear leaves, only pear isolates incited a typical progressive necrotic reaction, the isolates from other origins inducing no symptoms or a weak reaction limited to the inoculation point. This study indicates that in addition to the large variability observed in aggressiveness of PSS strains, host specificity occurred on bean and pear. 相似文献
12.
ABSTRACT Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea, is a serious fungal disease of rice worldwide. Currently, evaluation of the fungal pathogenicity and host resistance is mainly based on a disease rating or measurement of blast lesion number and size. However, these methods only provide visual estimation rather than accurate measurement of fungal growth in rice plants. In this study, DNA-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and RNA-based northern blot/phosphoimaging analyses were evaluated to quantify M. grisea. Both methods were sensitive, specific, and reproducible and could accurately measure the relative growth and absolute biomass of M. grisea. The real-time PCR analysis showed that the growth of M. grisea in seedling leaves of susceptible cultivars (M201 and Wells) was approximately 46 to 80 times higher than that of a resistant cultivar (Drew) at 4 and 6 days after inoculation. The data obtained from the real-time PCR assays also were consistent with that from northern blot/ phosphoimaging analysis. However, the real-time PCR approach was much faster and more convenient in most cases. Therefore, it is an excellent tool for in planta quantification of M. grisea and can be used for reliable assessment of fungal pathogenicity and host resistance. 相似文献
13.
水稻品种抗瘟性诱导研究Ⅰ.非生物诱导物的筛选及诱导方法初探 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
采用经反复筛选的化学药剂亚硒酸钠、放线菌酮、氯化钾、硫酸锰和中药材前胡、白芷的提取液浸泡水稻种子或进行叶面喷雾,可诱导稻株产生对稻瘟病的抗性。在人工喷雾接种条件下,对感病品种抗叶瘟的诱导效果为43%~93%;在注射接种条件下,抗穗瘟的诱导效果为29%~78%。供试药剂对感病品种和弱致病菌株的诱导效果优于对抗病品种和强致病菌株;药液叶面喷雾的诱导效果优于药液浸种。 相似文献
14.
Oliver A. H. Jones Mahon L. Maguire Julian L. Griffin Young-Ho Jung Junko Shibato Randeep Rakwal Ganesh K. Agrawal Nam-Soo Jwa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2011,129(4):539-554
A metabolomics based approach has been used to study the infection of the Hwacheong rice cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. Hwacheong) with compatible (KJ201) and incompatible (KJ401) strains of the rice blast fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. The metabolic response of the rice plants to each strain was assessed 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h post inoculation. Nuclear
Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Gas and Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS/MS) were used to
study both aqueous and organic phase metabolites, collectively resulting in the identification of 93 compounds. Clear metabolic
profiles were observed at each time point but there were no significant differences in the metabolic response elicited by
each pathogen strain until 24 h post inoculation. The largest change was found to be in alanine, which was ~30% (±9%) higher
in the leaves from the compatible, compared to the resistant, plants. Together with several other metabolites (malate, glutamine,
proline, cinnamate and an unknown sugar) alanine exhibited a good correlation between time of fungal penetration into the
leaf and the divergence of metabolite profiles in each interaction. The results indicate both that a wide range of metabolites
can be identified in rice leaves and that metabolomics has potential for the study of biochemical changes in plant-pathogen
interactions. 相似文献
15.
Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO(2) Concentration on the Infection of Rice Blast and Sheath Blight
ABSTRACT The effect of elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentration on rice blast and sheath blight disease severity was studied in the field in northern Japan for 3 years. With free-air CO(2) enrichment (FACE), rice plants were grown in ambient and elevated ( approximately 200 to 280 mumol mol(-1) above ambient) CO(2) concentrations, and were artificially inoculated with consist of Magnaporthe oryzae. Rice plants grown in an elevated CO(2) concentration were more susceptible to leaf blast than those in ambient CO(2) as indicated by the increased number of leaf blast lesions. Plants grown under elevated CO(2) concentration had lower leaf silicon content, which may have contributed to the increased susceptibility to leaf blast under elevated CO(2) concentrations. In contrast to leaf blast, panicle blast severity was unchanged by the CO(2) enrichment under artificial inoculation, whereas it was slightly but significantly higher under elevated CO(2) concentrations in a spontaneous rice blast epidemic. For naturally occurring epidemics of the sheath blight development in rice plants, the percentage of diseased plants was higher under elevated as opposed to ambient CO(2) concentrations. However, the average height of lesions above the soil surface was similar between the treatments. One hypothesis is that the higher number of tillers observed under elevated CO(2) concentrations may have increased the chance for fungal sclerotia to adhere to the leaf sheath at the water surface. Consequently, the potential risks for infection of leaf blast and epidemics of sheath blight would increase in rice grown under elevated CO(2) concentration. 相似文献
16.
Mitsuhiro Aihara Syun-ichi Urayama Minh Tuong Le Yu Katoh Tomoya Higashiura Toshiyuki Fukuhara Tsutomu Arie Tohru Teraoka Ken Komatsu Hiromitsu Moriyama 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2018,84(2):92-103
Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 strain A (MoCV1-A) is associated with an impaired growth phenotype of its host fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. In this report, we assayed the virulence and pathogenicity of MoCV1-A-infected and MoCV1-A-free M. oryzae on rice plants. MoCV1-A infection did not affect virulence-associated fungal traits, such as conidial germination and appressorium formation. However, after punch inoculation of leaves on rice plants, MoCV1-A-infected strain formed smaller lesions than the MoCV1-A-free strain did on all rice varieties tested, showing that MoCV1-A infection resulted in reduced virulence of host fungi in rice plants. In contrast, after spray inoculation of rice seedlings, in some cases, MoCV1-A-infected and MoCV1-A-free strains caused different lesion types (resistance to susceptible, or vice versa) on individual international differential rice varieties. However, we did not find any gain/loss of the fungal avirulence genes by PCR, suggesting that MoCV1-A infection can convert the pathogenicity of the host M. oryzae from avirulence to virulence, or from virulence to avirulence, depending on the rice variety. We also confirmed the correlation of these race conversion events and invasive hyphae growth of the fungi in a leaf sheath inoculation assay. These data suggested that MoCV1-A infection generally confers hypovirulence to the fungal host and could be a driving force to generate physiological diversity, including pathogenic races. 相似文献
17.
茉莉酸诱导水稻幼苗对稻瘟病抗性作用研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
外源茉莉酸处理可以显著减轻水稻幼苗稻瘟病的发生。JA诱导稻苗产生抗病性的有效浓度是0.1~0.001mmol/L,喷雾处理后2d接种稻瘟病菌获得最佳的抗病效果。0.1mmol/L JA喷雾处理后2d接种稻瘟病菌,水稻幼苗的诱抗效果都超过了55%。JA处理的诱导抗性可以维持15d左右。用0.1mmol/L JA二次强化处理水稻幼苗可以增强诱导抗病性,延长抗性的持续期。JA诱导水稻幼苗抗性机制的结果表明:0.1mmol/L JA处理可以诱导水稻体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶活性和木质素升高。 相似文献
18.
Silicon enhances the accumulation of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice: a potential mechanism for blast resistance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Rodrigues FA McNally DJ Datnoff LE Jones JB Labbé C Benhamou N Menzies JG Bélanger RR 《Phytopathology》2004,94(2):177-183
ABSTRACT Although several reports underscore the importance of silicon (Si) in controlling Magnaporthe grisea on rice, no study has associated this beneficial effect with specific mechanisms of host defense responses against this fungal attack. In this study, however, we provide evidence that higher levels of momilactone phytoalexins were found in leaf extracts from plants inoculated with M. grisea and amended with silicon (Si(+)) than in leaf extracts from inoculated plants not amended with silicon (Si(-) ) or noninoculated Si(+) and Si(-) plants. On this basis, the more efficient stimulation of the terpenoid pathway in Si(+) plants and, consequently, the increase in the levels of momilactones appears to be a factor contributing to enhanced rice resistance to blast. This may explain the lower level of blast severity observed on leaves of Si(+) plants at 96 h after inoculation with M. grisea. The results of this study strongly suggest that Si plays an active role in the resistance of rice to blast rather than the formation of a physical barrier to penetration by M. grisea. 相似文献
19.
离体水稻叶片划伤接种鉴定稻瘟菌的致病型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抗瘟品种的培育和抗瘟基因布局需要快速、准确、大规模地定性水稻抗源及其后代的抗瘟基因型和稻瘟菌致病型。为此, 本研究建立了水稻离体叶片划伤接种方法。该方法依据主效抗瘟基因抵抗稻瘟菌在寄主体内扩展的特点, 通过针刺在水稻叶片上造成伤口, 避免了寄主侵入抗性的干扰, 从而有利于抗扩展性的定性鉴定。作者利用活体喷雾接种、叶片无划伤接种和本研究建立的离体叶片划伤接种等3种接种方法, 在秧苗4~6叶龄期, 对菌株12-DG-68在24个水稻抗瘟单基因系上的致病反应进行了测定, 结果显示：叶片划伤接种的检测结果稳定、一致; 而叶片无划伤接种和活体喷雾接种的检测结果假抗性比例分别为12.5%和4.2%, 不同叶龄期的叶片间反应型不一致率达7%。此外, 离体叶片划伤接种还可利用菌丝块接种, 以鉴定分生孢子产量低的菌株的致病型。因此, 水稻叶片划伤接种是一种准确、稳定和方便的稻瘟菌接种方法, 可用于大规模定性测定水稻抗源及其后代的抗瘟基因型和稻瘟菌的致病型。 相似文献