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母猪配种后第1d血小板数开始降低,到配种后第7d降到最低点(P<0.01),第11d均回复到正常水平。而未孕母猪则无变化(P>0.05)。孕猪血小板数下降取决于生殖道内是否有受精卵的存在,血小板之所以减少,可能是胚胎产生一种血小板活化因子(可能是PAF-acether)通过与PAF-acether同样的通路发挥活化血小板的作用,导致早孕相关性血小板减少。通过实验表明,血小板降低值大于43×10~3时,均在配种后6～7d,我们便可确定已妊娠。从而进行超早期妊娠诊断。 相似文献
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一、合理组织牛群,加强跟群放牧 配种前应根据母牛的产犊情况,合理调正畜群。可根据空怀母牛膘情好、发情早,产犊母牛发情晚的特点,将母牛编成三群,即空怀母畜群、早产母畜群和晚产母畜群。早春应集中力量进行空怀母牛群的配种,对早产和晚产的母畜群应选择优良草场,移场放牧,每天放牧10～12小时以上,以 相似文献
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血小板计数法在奶牛超早期妊娠诊断上的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对２０头未孕母牛血小板正常值的测定结果为４９６．５×１０９／Ｌ±６６．５×１０９／Ｌ；对３０头受配母牛进行血小板值变化和最佳血检时间的试验，结果表明，２２头妊娠母牛于配种第７天血小板值明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而８头未妊娠母牛则无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。根据妊娠母牛配种前后血小板值差＞１９２．３×１０９／Ｌ为妊娠标准，对３０头受配母牛进行了超早期妊娠诊断试验，经直检妊娠母牛符合率为８６．３６％，空怀母牛符合率为８７．５％，总符合率为８６．６６％（Ｐ＞０．０５）。 相似文献
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<正> 近年来,母牛、母猪产后由于多种原因而导致子宫恶露不尽,子宫内膜发炎、积脓,造成母牛、母猪出现全身症状,产奶量下降,犊牛、仔猪吃奶后出现高烧、拉稀、白痢等症状。一般在临床治疗上,都以治疗犊牛和仔猪为主,忽视了大母畜的治疗。根据临床症状查找疾病来源,通过产后净化,母畜、犊牛、仔猪都得到了治疗,死亡率有了明显下降,发情率明显提高。现将体会介绍如下。 相似文献
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为了研究同期发情对西门塔尔母牛使用性控冻精人工输精后繁殖率的影响，试验选择体况中等、健康的2～4岁空怀母牛1 824头，随机分为A、B、C组，分别采用戈那瑞林、氯前列醇钠、促黄体素释放激素不同组合处理，测定母牛繁殖性能指标。结果表明：A组母牛发情率、受胎率和分娩率均最高，发情率显著高于B、C组(P<0.05),受胎率和分娩率显著高于C组(P<0.05);第二次自然发情配种率3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明西门塔尔母牛采用第0天肌肉注射戈那瑞林100μg,第7天肌肉注射氯前列醇钠0.8 mg,第9天肌肉注射戈那瑞林100μg,第10天检查发情排卵情况配种，配种前肌肉注射促黄体素释放激素A3(LH)25μg处理，可以促进母牛发情配种、提高养殖经济效益。 相似文献
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Inchaisri C Jorritsma R Vernooij JC Vos PL van der Weijden GC Hogeveen H 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2011,46(6):1043-1049
The objective of this research was to determine the contribution of cow factors to the probability of successful insemination accounting for the serial number of inseminations in analysis. The investigation was performed with 101,297 insemination records in 51,525 lactations of different cows from 1368 herds obtained from the Dutch milk production recording database. Cows that had a first insemination (AI) between 40 and 150 days post-partum with one or more inseminations (≤6 inseminations) were selected. An insemination was defined successful when not followed by another insemination and when the cow calved between 267 and 295 days after insemination, or when the cow was culled between 135 and 295 days after the last insemination. Breed, parity, days in milk, lactation curve characteristics, milk production traits, moment of AI related to peak milk yield time (before or after peak milk yield), the last calf (female, male, twin or stillbirth) and season of insemination were selected as independent parameters for a model with successful rate of insemination as dependent parameter. A multivariable logistic regression model was used within cow and farm as a random effect. The probability of successful insemination was the highest in the first insemination and decreased in the following inseminations. However, the success rate of all inseminations increased in a later stage of lactation. The improvement in the successful inseminations in a later stage of lactation was better in multiparous cows than in first parity cows. Insemination in summer and before peak milk yield time reduced the success of insemination. The success rate was the lowest in 100% Holstein Friesian cows compared with other breeds and was the highest when the last calf was a female calf compared to a male calf, twin or stillbirth. In conclusion, the success of first and following inseminations depended on parity, breed, season of insemination, last calf status, daily milk yield at insemination date, serial insemination number and days in milk at insemination date. 相似文献
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为了减少人工授精过程中人为操作引入的病原微生物,改善母猪断奶后不发情、延迟发情或发情后配种不受孕所导致的母猪繁殖性能降低的现象,在饲养管理良好、免疫程序健全的条件下,试验采用在母猪配种前对其进行药物处理。将试验母猪随机分为2组,A组为断奶经产母猪(n=65),B组为第2情期后的后备母猪(n=58)。将A组进一步分为A-Ⅰ组(n=36,投药组)和A-Ⅱ组(n=29,空白对照组),B组进一步分为B-Ⅰ组(n=34,投药组)和B-Ⅱ组(n=24,空白对照组)。统计发情率、受胎率、分娩率及产仔数等繁殖指标。结果表明:A-Ⅰ组每头母猪断奶10 d内发情率为100%,与A-Ⅱ组发情率(96.55%)相比差异不显著(P>0.05);A-Ⅰ组情期受胎率为91.67%,分娩率为86.11%,产仔数为11.32头,而A-Ⅱ组情期受胎率为85.71%,分娩率为78.57%,产仔数为9.95头,差异均显著(P<0.05);B组内,除健仔数外其余各指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。说明在配种前给经产母猪投药,可以改善母猪繁殖力。 相似文献
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Our objective was to study the effects of dietary energy source (fat or starch) on periestrus hormone profiles and embryonal survival in primiparous sows. During lactation, 48 primiparous sows were fed either a starch-rich or a fat-rich diet, at either a high (44 MJ NE/d) or a low (33 MJ NE/d) feeding level. After weaning, all sows received the same amount of feed (31 MJ NE/d from weaning to estrus and 17.5 MJ NE/d from breeding to slaughter) of the same dietary energy source fed during lactation. Around estrus, blood samples were taken to analyze the preovulatory LH surge, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P4). Sows were inseminated on each day of standing estrus. On d 35 after last insemination, all 35 pregnant sows were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts were removed. The number, weight, and length of the embryos and placentas were determined as well as the weight and length of the uterus. The LH, E2, and P4 profiles were similar for the treatment groups, except for the E2 levels at 16, 12, and 8 h before the LH surge, which were lower in the sows fed the fat-rich diet at a low level. Ovulation rate tended to be higher in sows fed the high compared to the low feeding level during lactation (18.0 vs. 16.2; P = .09), but the number of total and viable embryos as well as embryonal survival rate were not influenced by the treatments. Neither uterine length and weight nor length and weight of the embryos and placentas were affected by treatments. However, after removal of the embryo-placental units, uterine weight was greater in sows fed the high than in those fed the low feeding level during lactation (1.8 vs. 1.6 kg; P = .03). Plasma insulin concentration during lactation was not related to any of the uterine, placental, or embryo traits. Mean progesterone concentration between 24 and 250 h after the LH surge was positively correlated with embryonal survival. Differences in progesterone concentration between sows with high and low embryonal survival were evident from 172 h after the LH surge. From the present study, we conclude that altering feeding level during lactation or dietary energy source from farrowing until d 35 of subsequent pregnancy did not affect embryonic development and embryonal survival. 相似文献
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试验旨在建立高效的经产母猪定时输精（timed artificial insemination,TAI）技术,研究了定时输精对经产母猪繁殖性能、断奶-分娩间隔、不同胎次母猪产仔性能及断奶后7 d内血清生殖激素水平的影响。选取309头2~8胎次二元（长×大）经产母猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,对照组母猪进行常规人工授精（artificial insemination,AI）,试验组母猪进行断奶后24 h注射PMSG 1 000 IU,间隔72 h注射GnRH 100 μg,在注射GnRH后24和40 h各输精1次的定时输精技术。通过统计两组母猪的断奶1周内发情率、受胎率、分娩率、窝均产仔数等,判断定时输精对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响;通过对断奶时间和分娩时间的统计,检测定时输精对经产母猪断奶-分娩间隔的影响;用放射免疫（RIA）方法检测2~4胎次母猪断奶1周内血清E2、LH、FSH和P4的含量,研究定时输精对母猪生殖激素的影响。结果显示,试验组母猪发情率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,但两组间受胎率、分娩率差异不显著（P>0.05）,窝均产仔数、窝均合格仔数和繁殖效率有增加的趋势,但差异不显著（P>0.05）;定时输精显著缩短了母猪的断奶-分娩间隔（P<0.05）。在胎次方面,3~4胎母猪使用定时输精的效果较好,其发情率、受胎率和分娩率均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。在生殖激素方面,试验组E2水平在注射PMSG后迅速上升,且在定时输精处理后66~96 h内持续高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验组P4水平在断奶后至配种前显著低于对照组（P<0.05）,但配种后快速升高,并高于对照组;LH和FSH的含量在两组间无显著差异。综上,定时输精可有效提高经产母猪的断奶发情率,并减少其非生产天数,可显著提高3~4胎母猪的繁殖性能。 相似文献
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Laboratory trials were conducted to study the effect of various concentrations of cloprostenol on the motility and morphological changes of the acrosomes of boar spermatozoa. As found, a cloprostenol concentration of 250 ng per ml of semen to 2500 ng per ml of diluted semen has no adverse effect on the motility of spermatozoa and on the morphological changes of their acrosomes. The concentration of 5000 ng of cloprostenol (in the Oestrophan Spofa product) per 1 ml of diluted semen negatively influences the motility of spermatozoa. An insemination dose of 100 ml of diluted sperm treated with 500 ng of cloprostenol was used for the artificial insemination of 152 sows; 166 sows of the same farm inseminated with untreated semen were used as controls. No gilts were included in the trial. Out of the 152 test sows, 113 conceived after the first insemination, i.e. 74.35%, and the average litter size was 10.04 piglets. In the control group, 125 sows delivered their litters, i.e. 75.30% of the total number, the average litter size being 9.96 piglets. Comparing the reproduction parameters of the experimental and control groups it can be said that the treatment of an insemination dose with 500 ng of cloprostenol immediately before insemination had no influence on the pregnancy rate and on the size of litters. 相似文献
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de Smit AJ Bouma A de Kluijver EP Terpstra C Moormann RJ 《The Veterinary quarterly》2000,22(3):150-153
The use of a vaccine against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) during an outbreak of CSF should lead to a reduction in the horizontal or vertical transmission of CSFV. The reduction of vertical, i.e. transplacental, transmission of a moderate-virulent strain of CSFV from the sow to its offspring was studied in sows vaccinated once or twice with a CSFV E2 subunit vaccine. Two groups of nine sows were vaccinated with one PD95 dose of the E2 subunit vaccine, approximately four weeks before insemination. A third group of nine inseminated sows served as controls. One group of nine sows were vaccinated again at two weeks after insemination. At ten weeks after the primary vaccination, approximately six weeks after insemination, all 27 sows were challenged intranasally with 10(5) TCID50 of a moderate-virulent strain of CSFV, the Van Zoelen strain. The sows were euthanized at five weeks after challenge, and samples from the sows and fetuses were collected for detection of CSFV. All 27 sows were in gestation at the time of slaughter, CSFV was detected in the fetuses of all unvaccinated sows but it was not detected in any of the samples collected from fetuses of the double-vaccinated sows. Virus was however recovered from the fetuses of one out of nine sows vaccinated once. All the sows, except four double-vaccinated sows, developed CSFV Erns antibodies. Transplacental transmission of CSFV was reduced significantly (p <0.001) in all vaccinated sows. When the results from the experiment were extrapolated to a herd level, it could be concluded that, with 95% certainty, approximately 11% (single vaccination) or 0% (double vaccination), confidence intervals of 0.01-0.44 and 0.0-0.30 respectively, of the pregnant sows would still not be protected against vertical transmission of moderate-virulent CSFV. We conclude that vaccination with the CSFV E2 subunit vaccine can reduce the transmission of moderate-virulent strain of CSFV from the sow to its offspring significantly. 相似文献
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孙根泽 《畜牧兽医科学(电子版)》2021,(5):157-158
奶牛人工授精是以人工方法,采用机械手段采集优质种公牛的精液,再经过机械手段将特定处理后的精液输入母牛生殖道的一种生产技术方式。人工授精操作能极大减少种公牛的养殖数量,节约养殖成本,提高优质种公牛的利用效率,加快品种改良进程,促进育种工作的开展。但由于奶牛人工受精是一个侵入性的操作,一旦操作不合理或者各个细节把握不完善,会造成繁殖母牛出现严重的繁殖障碍,降低母牛的受胎率,不利于提高品种改良和扩大养殖效益。该文主要论述奶牛人工受精受胎率的影响因素,提出相应的改进措施。 相似文献
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M Abad JC Garcia DJ Sprecher G Cassar RM Friendship MM Buhr RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):418-422
In swine, the use of frozen-thawed (FT) sperm for artificial insemination (AI) is limited because of poor sow fertility, possibly associated with a post-thaw capacitation-like status resulting in fewer fully viable sperm. Sow fertility to AI with FT sperm may improve with deeper deposition of sperm within the female tract, insemination very close to ovulation, or reversal of cryocapacitation by seminal plasma (SP). We performed two experiments to examine these suggestions. In experiment 1, 122 multiparous Yorkshire sows received 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin at weaning and 5 mg pLH 80 h later to control time of ovulation. The predicted time of ovulation (PTO) was 38 h after pLH injection. Thereafter, sows were assigned on the basis of parity to a single AI of FT sperm at 2 h before PTO, or at 12 h before PTO, or FT sperm supplemented with 10% SP at 12 h before PTO. Control sows received fresh semen at 12 h before PTO. All semen doses were adjusted to 3 x 10(9) live cells and deposited into the cervix. Experiment 2 employed 99 multiparous crossbred sows and repeated the treatments of experiment 1 except that all FT inseminations were intrauterine. In both experiments, farrowing rates were lower (p < 0.01) following FT inseminations with no effect of time of insemination or of supplemental SP. In experiment 1, litter size was smaller following FT insemination (p < 0.05), but no effect on litter size was evident in experiment 2. Supplemental SP had no effect on litter size in either experiment. The lack of effect of either SP or timing of FT insemination on sow fertility suggests that the non-lethal sperm cryoinjury affecting fertility involves more than just cryocapacitation. 相似文献
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The purpose of the present study was to compare the number of spermatozoa obtained from different parts of the oviducts and the uterine horns of sows after intrauterine insemination (IUI) and conventional artificial insemination (AI), 24 h after insemination. Twelve crossbred (Landrace x Yorkshire) multiparous sows were used in the experiment. The sows were examined for standing oestrus using a back pressure test and were examined every 4 h after standing oestrus by real-time B-mode ultrasonography to estimate the time of ovulation. The sows were allocated to two groups, group I sows (n = 6) were inseminated by a conventional AI technique with 3 x 10(9) motile spermatozoa in 100 ml of extended semen, and group II sows (n = 6) were inseminated by an IUI technique using 1 x 10(9) motile spermatozoa in 50 ml of extended semen. A single dose of AI or IUI was given using the same boar, 8-10 h before the expected time of ovulation during the second oestrus after weaning. Twenty four hours after insemination, the sows were ovario-hysterectomized. The oviducts and the uterine horns were removed and divided into seven parts, the cranial, middle and caudal uterine horns, the utero-tubal junction (UTJ), the cranial and caudal isthmus, and the ampulla. All parts of the reproductive tract were flushed and the spermatozoa were counted using a haemocytometer. The results revealed that the spermatozoa were found in both the oviducts and the uterine horns in all animals. The number of flushed spermatozoa in the UTJ of groups I and II, was 142,500 and 131,167 (p > 0.05), and in the caudal isthmus was 1411 and 1280 (p > 0.05), respectively. The proportion of spermatozoa in different parts of the reproductive tract in relation to the total number of spermatozoa within the tract was not significantly different between groups I and II (p > 0.05). It could be concluded that IUI, with a three-time reduction in the number of spermatozoa used resulted in the same number of spermatozoa to be deposited in the sperm reservoir around ovulation time. 相似文献