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酸性转化酶是植物体内降解蔗糖为还原糖（葡萄糖、果糖）的关键酶,而还原糖在马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）低温贮藏中的快速积累是影响油炸加工品质的重要因素。为了实现对马铃薯块茎低温糖化的品质改良,本研究利用所克隆的酸性转化酶基因构建了RNA干涉载体,并转化马铃薯品种N2。经PCR、Northern鉴定,酸性转化酶基因的干涉片段已经成功导入马铃薯植株中。对干涉转基因株系的试管苗和试管薯的酸性转化酶活性进行测定,结果显示,植株的酸性转化酶的活性平均下降69.8%（Ni-1除外）,最大降幅为78%（Ni-4）,而试管薯的酶活性最大降幅为68%。与反义RNA的表现较好的转基因株系进行比较,RNA干涉对酶活的调节作用与之相当。研究结果表明,RNA干涉对马铃薯内源酸性转化酶活性的调节作用显著,这种转录表达的调控技术对马铃薯低温糖化改良具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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通过根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导将CaMV 35S启动子驱动的反义class Ⅰ patatin基因导入马铃薯(Solarium tuberosum)品种鄂马铃薯3号中。PCR扩增和PCR—Southern杂交证明，反义class Ⅰ patatin基因已整合到马铃薯基因组中。Northern杂交分析表明，该反义基因在转基因植株中能正常转录并导致内源classⅠ patatin mRNA含量的下降。对转基因植株试管块茎分析显示，其蛋白质含量和酯酰水解酶的活性较对照有不同程度的下降，其中下降程度最大的株系分别比对照减少36．4％和31．4％。同时部分转基因株系在组织培养条件下的结薯株率、单株结薯数和有效薯率较对照有一定程度的降低。 相似文献
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摘要：将马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum )块茎特异蛋白patatin classⅠ基因cDNA与CaMV 35S启动子融合，构建了植物表达载体pBSSP。用电激法将表达载体导入根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）LBA4404，然后转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum )叶片获得再生植株。经PCR、PCR-Southern、Northern杂交和蛋白质检测，证明patatin classⅠ基因cDNA已整合到烟草基因组中并在转基因植株中转录和表达。酯酰水解酶（lipid acylhydrolase, LAH）活性分析显示，转基因烟草植株的叶片中LAH活性明显提高。 相似文献
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为明确低O2高CO2贮藏环境对马铃薯块茎淀粉-糖代谢的影响,本试验以大西洋马铃薯为试验材料,研究体积分数为5%O2+2%CO2(CA1)、5%O2+4%CO2(CA2)、5%O2+6%CO2(CA3)、5%O2+8%CO2(CA4)及5%O2+10%CO2(CA5)的气体环境对马铃薯在4℃贮藏期间块茎中糖类、淀粉及淀粉-糖代谢相关酶[腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGPase)、淀粉磷酸化酶(SP)及转化酶(INV)]活性的影响,并对块茎中还原糖含量的变化与淀粉-糖代谢相关因子进行相关性分析。结果表明,适宜的低O2高CO2贮藏环境可有效抑制淀粉含量、AGPase活性、UGPase活性的下降,并且能够抑制还原糖、蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖含量及SP、INV活性的上升,CA1环境贮藏的马铃薯块茎在整个贮藏期间淀粉含量显著高于CK(P<0.05),还原糖、蔗糖、果糖及葡萄糖含量显著低于CK(P<0.05),AGPase、UGPase活性显著高于CK(P<0.05),而SP、INV活性均显著低于CK(P<0.05);相关性分析结果表明,还原糖含量与淀粉含量、AGPase活性、UGPase活性呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与葡萄糖含量、果糖含量、SP活性及INV活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。综上,马铃薯在CA1(5%O2+2%CO2)环境下贮藏可有效延缓块茎低温贮藏期间“糖化”现象的出现,AGPase、UGPase、SP、INV在贮藏过程中起到了一定的调控作用。本研究结果为加工型马铃薯的安全贮藏及明确“低温糖化”机理提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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《核农学报》2017,(11)
为研究贮藏条件和品种因素对马铃薯块茎中α-茄碱含量的影响,本试验建立了利用超高效液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱(UPLC-QQQ)测定马铃薯块茎中α-茄碱含量的方法,通过正交试验研究了5个品种的马铃薯块茎在不同贮藏温度、光照强度、贮藏时间下α-茄碱含量的变化情况。结果表明,该检测方法检测时间短,灵敏度高,重复性好。5种马铃薯块茎中的α-茄碱含量均随3种贮藏因素水平的增大而增加;方差分析表明,3种因素影响作用的主次顺序为光照强度贮藏时间贮藏温度。因此,在低温避光的条件下能够较好地控制马铃薯块茎中α-茄碱的产生。冀张8号品种的α-茄碱增长速度较快,且其受贮藏时间因素的影响较大,在控制α-茄碱方面属于不宜长期贮藏品种。本研究结果为马铃薯块茎贮藏过程中α-茄碱的含量控制提供了理论参考。 相似文献
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将马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)块茎特异蛋白patatin class Ⅰ基因cDNA与CaMV 35S启动子融合,构建了植物表达载体pBSSP.用电激法将表达载体导入根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)LBA4404,然后转化烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)叶片获得再生植株.经PCR、PCR-Southem、Northern杂交和蛋白质检测,证明patatin class Ⅰ基因cDNA已整合到烟草基因组中并在转基因植株中转录和表达.酯酰水解酶(lipid acylhydrolase,LAH)活性分析显示,转基因烟草植株的叶片中LAH活性明显提高. 相似文献
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抑制4CL基因表达的转基因毛白杨中木质素含量与茎杆颜色的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
摘要： 将反义4CL（4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase）基因转入三倍体毛白杨（Populus tomentosa Carr.）可显著降低转基因植株的木质素含量。转基因植株茎杆在剥皮后呈现程度不等的红褐色,而对照为白色。茎杆全部为红褐色的转基因株系中木质素含量下降最多,茎杆局部为红褐色或呈现红褐色斑点的株系中木质素含量下降幅度减小。野生型对照茎杆的Wiesner反应为典型的紫红色,转基因植株红褐色茎杆的Wiesner反应为红色。茎杆为红褐色斑块的株系中,红褐色部分的Wiesner反应呈红色,白色部分与对照相同,呈典型紫红色,进一步证明颜色改变与转基因株系木质素含量的关系。茎杆颜色的改变可作为一个辅助指标筛选低木质素含量的转基因株系。 相似文献
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In our recent studies we have evidenced that repression of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) in potato plants results in 14-3-3 gene activation. The significant alteration in plant phenotype and in carbohydrate content clearly indicates that there may also be changes in other metabolite syntheses. In this paper we present the data on contents of compounds, occurring in transgenic potato tubers from field trial, known to be important for the human diet. We also determine which of the ARF-antisense plant features resulted from ARF repression. This determination was accomplished by the analysis of ARF-antisense plants transformed with cDNA encoding 14-3-3 protein in reverse orientation. The sucrose accumulation and the decrease in glycoalkaloids level were found to be characteristic features of all transgenic plants. The increase in antioxidant capacity of transgenic potato tubers should also be pointed out. The analysis of fat from modified potato tubers revealed a nutritionally valuable composition of fatty acids, including the significant increase of linoleic acid level. 相似文献
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A microcosm experiment was performed to investigate the effects of post-harvest potato tubers from transgenic cyanophycin-producing potatoes on Lumbricus terrestris (L.) activity and biomass, number of cocoons and their hatchability as well as the remaining cyanophycin content in soil and cast samples during a period of 80 days. Potato tubers from four transgenic potato events with different cyanophycin content in a range from 0.8 to 7.5% were compared to the near isogenic, non-transgenic control (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Albatros) and a comparative potato cultivar (S. tuberosum L. cv. Désirée). One treatment with transgenic tuber residue but without earthworms was prepared as an additional control. Potato tuber loss from the surface of the microcosms was significantly higher in the treatments with transgenic potato tubers compared with non-transgenic treatments. It can be estimated that the earthworm contribution to potato tuber loss from the soil surface was approximately 61%. Mean number of cocoons in addition to the number of hatched cocoons varied from 2.6 to 6.2 and from 7 to 15 accounting for 45.2–83.35% hatchability, respectively, but no significant differences between the treatments were found. The same was true for the development of earthworm biomass in the various treatments. The cyanophycin content in soil samples was significantly higher when earthworms were present indicating that the cyanophycin content in the upper soil layer might have been enhanced through earthworm burrowing activity. Overall, it is concluded that tubers from transgenic cyanophycin potatoes are easily degradable and neither inhibit nor stimulate earthworm growth, reproduction, and activity. 相似文献
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Prescha A Swiedrych A Biernat J Szopa J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(8):3638-3643
Recently, transgenic potato plants were created with overexpression of the 14-3-3 protein derived from Cucurbita pepo. Detailed analysis of those plants suggested that the function of the isolated 14-3-3 isoform is in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the plants. 14-3-3 protein overexpression gave rise to an increase in soluble sugar and catecholamine contents in both leaves and tubers. It is proposed that 14-3-3 protein affects carbohydrate metabolism in potato plants via regulation of catecholamine synthesis. Furthermore, genetically modified potato tubers with 14-3-3 protein overexpression showed changes in lipid content and composition. The transgenic potato tubers contained 69% more total fat compared to the wild-type plant. Separation of tuber lipids into polar and nonpolar fractions revealed that the transgenic potato tubers contained almost 3 times more nonpolar lipids than the control. Analysis of fatty acid composition, conducted by the means of gas chromatography, showed that linoleic acid was the main fatty acid present in the tubers of both modified and control potato plants. In the nonpolar fraction of the fat of the transgenic tubers the unsaturated fatty acids exhibited a higher participation in the sum of all fatty acids. 相似文献
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Control of enzymatic browning in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by sense and antisense RNA from tomato polyphenol oxidase 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Coetzer C Corsini D Love S Pavek J Tumer N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2001,49(2):652-657
Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity of Russet Burbank potato was inhibited by sense and antisense PPO RNAs expressed from a tomato PPO cDNA under the control of the 35S promoter from the cauliflower mosaic virus. Transgenic Russet Burbank potato plants from 37 different lines were grown in the field. PPO activity and the level of enzymatic browning were measured in the tubers harvested from the field. Of the tubers from 28 transgenic lines that were sampled, tubers from 5 lines exhibited reduced browning. The level of PPO activity correlated with the reduction in enzymatic browning in these lines. These results indicate that expression of tomato PPO RNA in sense or antisense orientation inhibits PPO activity and enzymatic browning in the major commercial potato cultivar. Expression of tomato PPO RNA in sense orientation led to the greatest decrease in PPO activity and enzymatic browning, possibly due to cosuppression. These results suggest that expression of closely related heterologous genes can be used to prevent enzymatic browning in a wide variety of food crops without the application of various food additives. 相似文献
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Blenkinsop RW Copp LJ Yada RY Marangoni AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(16):4545-4553
A four-year study of a number of compositional parameters of potato tubers during low-temperature storage was conducted to examine the compositional differences between cold-tolerant (low sugar-accumulating) and cold-sensitive (high sugar-accumulating) tubers in relation to potato chip processing quality. Compositional parameters analyzed included sucrose, reducing sugars, nitrogen, protein, ascorbic acid, and dry matter content. Pearson correlation analysis of the data illustrated that chip color was most closely correlated with reducing sugar concentration. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the relative contribution of each parameter to chip color varied greatly among the cultivars and selections evaluated and from season to season. This analysis demonstrates that the quantitative relationships between the measured compositional parameters and chip color were not sufficient to provide a general predictive index of chip color quality for tubers processed directly from low-temperature storage. 相似文献
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Teppei Komiyama Seiichi Niizuma Eiji Fujisawa Hiromasa Morikuni 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):419-426
In the Japanese warm areas, as a result of intensive and repeated potato cropping, common scab, a soil-borne disease has become a serious problem. The soil moisture level has been shown to be an important factor affecting the incidence of common scab. That is, a high level of soil moisture reduces the severity of common scab. However, in this investigation, although during the spring cropping precipitation was abundant, a large number of tubers showing scab lesions were produced. The results indicate that the soil moisture level may not be an important factor affecting the incidence of potato scab in the humid region. To identify other factors which may affect scab severity, the relation between sugar content in the peel of potato tuber and the incidence of common scab was investigated. Generally, the amount of reducing sugar in the tuber peel increased gradually with the growth of the tubers, then reached a maximum level two weeks after the start of tuber formation, and thereafter declined. The period corresponding to the highest sugar content in peels coincided with the most susceptible period for scab infection. The content of reducing sugar in the peel of susceptible cultivars was higher than that of the resistant cultivars, throughout the tuber growth, and the critical value of the content was 2.0 mg per 100 g fresh peel. These results suggest that the content of reducing sugar in tuber peel may be an important factor affecting the incidence of common scab. 相似文献
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Huang YH Picha DH Kilili AW Johnson CE 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):4927-4931
Cured sweetpotato roots were stored at different temperatures (4.5, 15.6, and 24 degrees C) for 7 weeks and assayed for invertase activities and reducing sugar levels during two separate years. Invertase activities and reducing sugar concentration significantly increased in the roots kept at low temperature. Of the three types of invertases assayed, acid invertase specific activity was the highest. Acid invertase was the most influential in determining reducing sugar levels in stored sweetpotato. Cultivar differences were found in invertase specific activities and reducing sugar concentration. Reducing sugar content was highly correlated to acid and total invertase activity, regardless of cultivar. 相似文献