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1.
豇豆与锈菌互作中的活性氧代谢研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文分析了不同抗性水平的豇豆(Vigna sesquipdalis Wight)品种与锈菌(Uromyces vignae Barcl)互作中活性氧(ac-tive oxygen species,AOS)的发生、防御酶活性及膜脂过氧化水平的变化规律及其与豇豆抗锈病性的关系。结果表明,在接种后,免疫品种(益农)和感病品种(揭上和金迪)的超氧物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)比活性均升高,且升高幅度都在12 h出现高峰;抗病品种(金山和特青)开始时降低,至12h时回升,在24 h(高抗)和48 h(中抗)出现高峰;在24 h时,免疫和抗病品种的SOD比活性高于感病品种。在接种后12 h内,免疫和抗病品种的过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)比活性都下降;而感病品种均上升,并在12 h出现第1个高峰。受锈菌侵染后,豇豆各品种都产生超氧阴离子(superoxide anion,O2·),在多数测试时段中,免疫和抗病品种的O2·产率净变化值低于感病品种。丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量变化幅度与品种抗性呈负相关,与O2·产率的变化趋势基本相吻合。这些结果表明AOS代谢在豇豆与锈菌互作中起重要作用。 相似文献
2.
豇豆与锈菌互作中的多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及其与抗性的关系 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
测定了具有不同抗性水平的5个豇豆Vigna sesquipdalis Wight品种在受锈菌Uromyces vignae Barcl侵染前和侵染后的若干阶段中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并分析其与抗性的关系.结果表明,在接种后24h内,免疫和抗病品种的PPO比活性及其变化率均高于感病品种,且前者PPO比活性变化率高峰出现早,后者出现迟.在接种后,各品种的POD比活性及其变化率均上升,但中抗和感病品种的高峰出现早,免疫和高抗品种出现晚.此外,中抗和感病品种的POD比活性及其变化率在接种12h左右出现高峰后立即下降,而高抗品种的则持续上升至24h左右出现高峰,免疫品种的POD比活性也在24h左右出现高峰,但其POD比活性变化率则持续到48h左右达到高峰,且免疫和抗病品种的峰值明显大于感病品种. 相似文献
3.
为鉴定生姜抗姜瘟病品种并明确其抗病生化机制,采用茎基部注射法和土壤灌根法接种测试22个生姜品种对姜瘟病的抗性水平,以高抗品种CDZIN012和高感品种CDZIN064为材料接种假茄科雷尔氏菌Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum,观察接种后抗、感品种的叶片气孔参数、蜡质含量等组织结构的变化,测定接种后过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,O2-、H2O2含量及病程相关蛋白几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性的变化。结果显示,22个生姜品种抗性差异明显,其中表现为高抗、中抗、轻抗、感病和高感的品种分别为1、4、4、7和6个;茎基部注射法接种后生姜植株发病更稳定,更适合生姜品种抗性鉴定;感病后抗病品种叶片气孔密度为36.8个/mm2,比感病品种少(46.9个/mm2),... 相似文献
4.
研究了玉米灰斑病菌侵染四个抗病和感病的玉米品种时，叶片内部活性氧代谢酶及细胞过氧化产物含量的动力学变化。结果表明，抗、感病品种的SOD、CAT及POD酶活性在病茵侵染后都变化显著，抗病品种各酶活性变化幅度比感病品种大。叶片内过氧化产物MDA含量则相反，抗病品种沈试29在接种第13天时叶片MDA含量只为18．46nmol／g，而感病品种铁单9为23．14nmol／g，抗病品种比感病品种增加幅度小。说明活性氧代谢在植物抗病机制中起着重要作用，抗病品种对活性氧代谢的酶调节能力强，病菌侵染后细胞过氧化程度低，在痛菌侵染时活性氧清除酶活性最大增加值与发病程度呈显著正相关。 相似文献
5.
为了对马铃薯黄萎病菌的系统侵染进行研究，本研究首先建立了用于观察大丽轮枝菌侵染马铃薯过程的培养皿滤纸体系，在此基础上利用带有GFP标记的大丽轮枝菌对不同抗性水平马铃薯根系侵染过程进行了比较研究，结果表明：马铃薯根系在浓度为107个·mL-1的大丽轮枝菌分生孢子液中浸泡处理2 h后，分生孢子可附着在抗/感马铃薯根系的根毛上，单个视野中感病品种根系上分生孢子附着平均数量为65个，显著高于抗病品种根系上附着的分生孢子数量(23个);接种12 hpi,根系上附着的分生孢子开始萌发，但抗/感品种根系表面孢子的萌发率无显著差异；接种3 dpi后，菌丝体能够突破根系表皮，进入细胞间隙，但感病品种根系中菌丝的扩展速度更快，并在7 d后到达根系的维管束内部；而抗病品种则在接种9 dpi,在维管束内才能够观察到绿色荧光信号；接种10 dpi,感病品种根系中可见新的分生孢子梗和分生孢子形成，而抗病品种中未见有分生孢子的形成。接种30 dpi,感病品种地上部茎杆中定殖的病原菌量是抗病品种的5倍以上；同时，感病品种叶柄中的病原菌数量也显著高于抗病品种。 相似文献
6.
枯萎病菌对西瓜不同抗感品种丙二醛含量及某些保护酶活性的影响 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
本文以西瓜为材料,研究了西瓜苗期感染枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht.)后根部细胞内丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,受枯萎病菌侵染的幼苗细胞内MDA含量的增加比率,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花;SOD酶活性的下降比率,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花;CAT酶活性增减的幅度,抗病品种克伦生低于感病品种早花。抗病品种克伦生在染病后的短时间内(48h左右)能使细胞内MDA、SOD酶和CAT酶的代谢基本恢复到正常状态,其自我调节和恢复正常状态的能力显著大于感病品种早花。 相似文献
7.
花椰菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统与抗黑腐病关系的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在盆栽条件下,花椰菜抗病品种雪峰和感病品种2003X-106的幼苗在接种黑腐病菌后,叶片组织内O2·产生速率,SOD、POD、PAL活性,MDA含量和膜透性都有不同程度的提高和增加。与2003X-106相比,雪峰的O2·产生速率和SOD、PAL活性的增加更为显著,POD活性也要高于2003X-106;而MDA含量和电导率的增幅要明显低于2003X-106。表明抗病品种雪峰比感病品种2003X-106具有更强的抗黑腐病能力和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
8.
大白菜幼苗叶片抗氧化酶系统对黑腐病菌入侵的反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以大白菜抗病品种秦白2号和感病品种06J31为材料,研究其接种黑腐病菌种YL-17后保护酶活性、超氧阴离子和MDA含量的变化。结果显示:接种后不同抗性的材料总体上表现为超氧阴离子(O2-.)含量先降后升,SOD活性逐步降低,POD活性MDA含量逐步升高,CAT活性则二者变化不一致(抗性材料表现为升-降-升,感性材料表现为先降后升)。由此表明:黑腐病菌侵染大白菜后,抗病材料与感病材料相比,能迸发较多的O2-.并刺激抗氧化物酶SOD和POD活性升高,使MDA含量处于较低的水平,有利于提高秦白2号抗黑腐病和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
9.
活性氧及膜脂过氧化与棉花对枯萎病抗性的关系 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
萎病菌侵染后,抗病品种棉苗及经氟乐灵诱发处理产生对枯萎病诱导抗性的棉苗茎与根组织中,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量上升,膜系统中不饱和脂肪酸含量下降,表明有膜脂过氧化的发生,超氧阴离子(O2·)的产生速率、H2O2的积累水平及脂氧合酶(LOX)活性也明显增加,但超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性无显著差异。与此相反,感病品种棉苗受侵后MDA含量、O2·产生速率、H2O2的积累及LOX酶活性增加幅度较小,SOD及CAT酶活性则明显上升,膜系统中不饱和脂肪酸含量仅有小幅度下降。氟乐灵播前土壤处理可诱发棉苗对枯萎病的诱导抗性,同时也增加了LOX酶活性及活性氧(O2·、H2O2)的积累。这些结果说明,枯萎病菌侵染后棉苗体内活性氧的积累、LOX酶活性的上升以及由此引起的膜脂过氧化,可能在棉苗对枯萎病的抗性中起作用。 相似文献
10.
枯萎病菌对不同抗性黄瓜品种几种酶活性的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
用枯萎病菌接种不同抗性黄瓜品种,研究不同抗性黄瓜品种的过氧化物酶（POD）、多酚氧化酶（PPO）和几丁质酶的活性变化。结果表明,接种后抗感品种POD、PPO和几丁质酶活性基本都呈现先升后降再升（再降）的趋势。抗感品种均在接种后12 h时出现第1次POD活性峰值,抗病品种中农13号、津优3号分别在接种后60、72 h、感病品种在84 h出现第2次POD活性峰值;接种后24 h时抗感品种均达到第1次PPO活性峰值,抗病品种在48 h、感病品种在60 h时达到第2次PPO活性峰值;接种后抗病品种在48 h时达到第1次几丁质酶活性峰值,72 h时达到第2次峰值,而感病品种只在60 h时出现1次几丁质酶活性峰值。抗感品种的POD、PPO、几丁质酶活性的2次峰值都显著或极显著地高于各自的对照,在接种后的早期阶段,感病品种的POD、几丁质酶活性的第1次峰值都显著或极显著地高于抗病品种,PPO活性的第1次峰值极显著地低于抗病品种。 相似文献
11.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
12.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
13.
During a survey conducted from 1998 to 2002, Fusarium proliferatum was found associated with young and adult palms belonging to the genera Chamaerops, Phoenix, Trachycarpus and Washingtonia showing symptoms of wilt and dieback. The fertility and toxicological profile of 36 strains representing different locations and hosts were studied. All of them except two, which were infertile, belonged to mating population D. Both mating types (MATD-1 and MATD-2) were isolated from the same host species, showing a high potential of genetic recombination in the field. Additionally, eight strains were fertile once crossed as female. Toxin analysis showed differences in the ability of strains to produce fumonisin B1, moniliformin, beauvericin, fusaric acid and fusaproliferin. Only 17 of them produced all the toxins analyzed. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on Phoenix dactylifera and P. canariensis using nine F. proliferatum Spanish strains and two reference strains from Saudi Arabia. Eight months after inoculation all strains caused disease, with palms showing lesions on the bases of leaves and development of wilt symptoms similar to those originally observed in affected plants. This is the first report on the occurrence of F. proliferatum on P. dactylifera in Spain and also the first report of this pathogen on C. humilis, P. canariensis, P. reclinata, T. fortunei, W. filifera and W. robusta. 相似文献
14.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
15.
Takeshi Toda Toshihiro Hayakawa Joseph Mwafaida Mghalu Shigeharu Yaguchi Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(6):379-387
Isolates of an unidentified Rhizoctonia sp. (UR isolates) were obtained from creeping bentgrass and Kentucky bluegrass with reddish brown sheath and foliar rots.
Because the UR isolates anastomosed with isolates of three varieties of Waitea circinata (var. oryzae, var. zeae, and var. circinata), colony morphology, hyphal growth rate at different temperatures, pathogenicity, sequence analysis of the internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) were compared. The colony color of mature UR isolates was distinct from
isolates of the other three varieties of W. circinata. In pathogenicity tests on creeping bentgrass, the severity of the disease caused by UR isolates was significantly higher
than that caused by the three varieties of W. circinata. Sequence similarities of the rDNA-ITS region between UR isolates and between isolates within each variety were high (97–100%),
but they were lower among isolates from UR and the varieties of W. circinata (88–94%). In a phylogenetic tree based on the rDNA-ITS sequences, UR isolates formed a cluster separate from each of the
clusters formed by the three varieties of W. circinata. These results indicate that the UR isolates clearly differ from the three varieties of W. circinata. We therefore propose that the UR isolates be classified as new Rhizoctonia sp. that are closely related to W.
circinata and that the disease on creeping bentgrass should be called Waitea reddish-brown patch disease (Sekikasshoku-hagusare-byo
in Japanese). 相似文献
16.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
17.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
18.
H. J. Miller J. D. Janse W. Kamerman P. J. Muller 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1980,86(2):55-68
Corynebacterium fascians, which causes leafy gall, has been shown to be responsible for the unusual symptoms recently found in lilies. The symptoms are described and the different bacterial isolates compared by biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments. No evidence could be found for the existence of specialized strains even though considerable variation in virulence could be demonstrated. Although the role of variation in susceptibility of the different lily cultivars should not be underestimated, it would appear that high inoculum levels ofC. fascians in the soil may be largely responsible for these outbreaks.Also included in this study are the results of biochemical, serological and pathogenicity experiments ofC. fascians which has been isolated fromKalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaea, Hebe andVerbascum.Samenvatting Reeds een aantal jaren was in lelies een woekering in stengelbollen bekend, die echter sporadisch voorkwam en economisch van weinig betekenis was. Tijdens de zomer van 1977 echter trad de ziekte op één enkel perceel zo ernstig op dat zeer aanzienlijke oogstderving het gevolg was. Behalve de stengelbol kan ook de hoofdbol misvormd zijn. Bovendien kunnen misvormde stengelbollen lange spruiten vormen, zgn. sabeltandvorming. Soms is het wortelstelsel gereduceerd; in de kas zijn verdikte stengels waargenomen. De ziekte staat nu bekend onder de naam woekerziekte.Door de PD te Wageningen en het LBO te Lisse werd de bacterieCorynebacterium fascians (Tilford) Dows. uit het zieke materiaal geïsoleerd. In gezamenlijk onderzoek werd nagegaan of de bacterie de veroorzaker is van bovengenoemde symptomen en of hier sprake is van een op lelie gespecialiseerde stam.Biochemische en serologische vergelijkingen tussen isolaten vanC. fascians uit lelie,Kalanchoe, Euphorbia, Brodiaeea, Hebe enVerbascum laten zien dat er zeer weinig verschillen bestaan. Alle isolaten reageren op een standaard antiserum met titers variërend tussen 1: 640–1: 5120.Een oriënterende inoculatieproef werd uitgevoerd op het LBO in 1977. Daarna werden op de PD 10 van de 25 isolaten uit lelie en 8 uit andere waardplanten getoetst op lelie, chrysant en lathyrus. Uit de inoculatieproeven blijkt, dat de bacterie de veroorzaker is van de waargenomen symptomen. Tussen de isolaten blijkt een groot verschil in pathogeniteit te bestaan (12–100% aantasting), zonder dat dit aan herkomst gebonden is. Het voorkomen van op lelie of andere waardplanten gespecialiseerde stammen is daarom niet aan te nemen.In hoeverre de hevige aantasting een gevolg is van een opbouw van de bacterie-populatie door een te nauwe vruchtwisseling en mechanische rooimethoden moet worden nagegaan. 相似文献
19.
Potato seed tubers are imported to Israel from northern Europe and planted in spring; tubers harvested early from the spring
crop are used as seed for the autumn crop. Although only seed lots registered as certified are imported, a previous survey
(1984–1994) indicated that most imported lots were affected by latent or active infections caused byErwinia carotovora,Streptomyces scabies, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium spp. andSpongospora subterranae. The survey was extended until 1998, and included additional pathogens:Ralstonia solanacearum,Helminthosporium solani, Colletotrichum coccodes andVerticillium dahliae. Most of these pathogens were also monitored in domestic seed tubers, and are reported for the first time. Brown rot was not
observed in any of the imported lots. Blackleg and soft rot caused byErwinia spp. were detected in most of the imported lots; however, less than 7% of the lots were contaminated at high levels, while
approximately 65% were contaminated at moderate levels. Common scab was detected in most of the imported lots; 51% of the
imported lots were contaminated at moderate or high levels, whereas only 6.5% of the domestic seed lots were contaminated
at these levels. Black scurf was detected in most of the imported lots; on average, 47.3%, 44.2% and 1.4% of the lots were
contaminated at low, moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 7.1% were disease-free. In contrast, most of the domestic
lots were either disease-free (45.4%) or had a low disease incidence (37.3%). Only 16.7% of the lots were moderately infected
and 0.2% were highly contaminated. Silver scurf was observed in most of the imported lots during all years of the survey,
with no differences among the producing countries; on average, 22.7%, 66.1% and 7.5% of the lots were contaminated at low,
moderate and high levels, respectively, and only 3.7% were disease-free. Most of the domestic lots (76%) were disease-free
and only 6.6% were infected at moderate or high levels. Black dot was observed in a considerable portion of the shipments
from Holland during all years of the survey, particularly in 1998, when 34% of the lots were infected. The shipments from
France and Germany were infected at low levels, except in 1998, when 19% and 11% of the lots, respectively, arrived infected.
In shipments from Scotland and Ireland low incidences of the disease were observed in 1994 and 1995. In the domestic lots,
black dot incidence was low (<2.4%) except in 1996, when 11% of the lots were infected.V. dahliae was monitored only in domestic seed tubers. The incidence of disease-free lots was 56–64%, whereas in 20–30% of the lots
the level of infection was <5%, and in 6–16% of the lots the level was >5%. The survey findings demonstrate transmission of
seedborne pathogens; most of these pathogens can become established in the soil and eventually cause severe outbreaks of disease
in potatoes grown in Israel.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 16, 1999. 相似文献
20.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献