共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
土壤质地作为成分数据（compositional data）的一种,其空间插值需满足非负、定和、误差最小和无偏估计4个条件。采用成分克里格法（compositional Kriging）和基于对数比转换的普通克里格法对土壤质地各颗粒组成进行空间预测,均方根误差（root mean squared errors,RMSE）和标准化克里格方差（mean squared deviation ratio,MSDR）分别被用来衡量不同方法的预测精度及模型拟合效果。研究结果表明：对数比转换的普通克里格法和成分克里格法能够保证插值结果满足成分数据插值的4个条件;成分克里格法预测的各土壤颗粒组成的RMSE最小,预测精度最高,其黏粒RMSE值相对于非对称对数比转换的普通克里格法提高将近17%;成分克里格法的变异函数拟合效果总体上好于其他两种预测方法,预测结果极差更宽,更能反映土壤质地各颗粒组成与高程、母质和水域分布的关系。 相似文献
2.
基于三种空间预测模型的海南岛土壤有机质空间分布研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为探索适合热带地形复杂区土壤有机质(SOM)含量的空间预测方法,以海南岛为研究区域,结合地形因子、归一化植被指数、土壤类型、土地利用类型变量,选用普通克里格法(OK)、回归克里格法(RK)、随机森林模型(RF)三种方法对训练集128个样点SOM含量的空间分布规律进行预测,并通过验证集32个验证点比较了三种方法的预测精度。结果表明:(1)0~5 cm土层三种方法的平均预测误差(ME)均接近于0,从均方根预测误差(RMSE)来看,RF(0.8867)RK(0.910 4)OK(0.9641),从决定系数(R~2)来看,RF(0.214 1)RK(0.171 5)OK(0.070 8)。综合以上三个参数,该土层最优拟合模型为RF。同理得出0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层的最优拟合模型分别为RF、RF、OK。RK和RF能够更好地描述SOM含量局部变异信息;(2)四个土层SOM含量的均值分别为19.67、15.89、10.30、8.07 g kg~(-1),呈现出西南、东北高,西部、东南沿海地区低的空间分布趋势。 相似文献
3.
非线性克里格方法在日降水量分布估算中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究非正态分布条件下的日降水量空间分布,选择湖北省75个气象观测站2010年7月的降水过程资料,通过正态变换和变差函数分析,引入多元高斯克里格方法进行逐日降水量空间分布估算,并与其它方法进行对比分析.结果表明：（1）通过合理的各向异性参数设置及理论变差函数选择,能够充分凸显降水量分布特征.（2）对比发现,反距离加权法（IDW）、普通克里格法（OK）和多元高斯克里格法（MGK）3种估算方法中,MGK估算的平均误差最小且误差曲线最平稳,是该地区非正态分布日降水量较适合的空间分布估算方法.（3）使用MGK方法,能有效改善IDW带来的“牛眼效应”以及OK法造成的过度平滑,得到具有较高精度的日降水量数据集. 相似文献
4.
土壤属性空间分布受地学环境要素影响,空间分异特征十分明显,单一的全局插值模型在应用中常受到一定条件的限制。对复杂地貌类型区土壤属性插值所面临的空间不连续、全局插值模型精度有限以及适应性差的缺点,提出了一种融合地学环境信息的土壤属性自适应曲面建模方法（Adaptive surface modeling for soil properties,ASM-SP）。利用2013年采集的110个样点数据,以土壤全钾含量为例,利用ASM-SP、普通克里格法（Ordinary Kriging,OK）、回归克里格法（Regression Kriging,RK）、地理加权回归克里格法（Geographically Weighted Regression Kriging,GWRK）和协同克里格（Ordinary Co-Kriging,OCK）5种插值方法,分别模拟了青海湖流域典型地区土壤全钾含量的空间分布。采用平均误差（Mean Error,ME）、平均相对误差（Mean Relative Error,MRE）、均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error,RMSE）、准确度（Accuracy,AC）、相关系数、回归系数和决定系数7类指标系统评价不同插值方法的预测效果。结果表明:（1）利用常规插值（OK）得到的插值曲面较为平滑,具有弱“牛眼”效应,在刻画土壤全钾含量的空间变异性方面存在明显不足,精度有待提高。（2）在融合地学环境信息的插值方法中,RK,OCK,GWRK和ASM-SP模拟精度较OK有不同程度提高,其中ASM-SP在刻画土壤全钾含量的空间变异和局部细节信息方面表现突出,精度较其他插值方法有较大程度提高,其准确度较OK,RK,GWRK和OCK分别提高9.27%,6.29%,2.66%和7.74%。ASM-SP尤其适合复杂地貌类型区,因其考虑了地学环境变量与土壤属性的非线性关系,并融合了多个模型的适应性优势,其在刻画土壤属性空间分异的复杂性方面也更加符合实际情况,为土壤属性的空间模拟提供了新思路。 相似文献
5.
土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon,SOC）作为陆地生态系统中最大的碳库，在农田土壤质量和作物产量方面发挥着重要作用。准确预测耕地SOC的空间分布对于制定农业管理措施至关重要。在数字土壤制图（Digital Soil Mapping,DSM）框架下，选择有效的环境协变量是提高SOC空间预测精度的重要方法。以往遥感指数和气候变量通常使用某个时段或时点的（平均）值作为输入变量，而很少有研究将时间特性和事件用于土壤有机碳预测。因此，引入物候变量、极端气候变量弥补部分损失的地物信息和气候特征，探讨其对研究区耕地SOC空间变异的响应特性及预测SOC空间分布的可行性。以江西省上高县为研究区域，采用随机森林模型，选取遥感数据、DEM衍生变量、物候参数、气候特征因子等作为环境协变量引入模型中，并用普通克里格（Ordinary Kriging,OK）对模型结果进行残差修正，最后对比不同类型变量组合下模型的预测效果及预测精度。结果表明，时序变量、物候变量及极端气候变量能够改善模型的预测性能，并且残差作为误差项还能进一步提升模型的精度。结合时序变量、物候变量、极端气候变量、地形变量和残差的组合拥有最高的预测精度，相较于地形变量、遥感变量和气候变量的组合，将R^2、MAE和RMSE提升了90.00%、58.95%和57.14%。变量贡献率分析显示，SU、a3和TXx是影响研究区耕地SOC分布的重要变量。因此，物候变量和极端气候变量具有较好的应用前景，未来还需验证极端气候变量作为环境变量在不同土地利用、大尺度研究区下预测土壤属性的有效性。 相似文献
6.
Vis-NIR光谱信息辅助的土壤质地协同克里格预测制图 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2015,(4):837-842
土壤质地传统获取方法费时费力,土壤反射光谱信息是土壤综合信息的反应,以光谱信息为辅助变量的土壤质地协同克里格预测制图值得研究。利用采样点的土壤光谱数据主成分分析综合得分作为协同克里格协变量,并结合GS+软件提供的最佳地统计模型预测土壤质地的空间变异。结果表明以光谱信息为辅助变量的协同克里格方法能提高制图精度,减少样本数量。在主变量减少至60个的情况下,砂粒,粘粒含量的预测值和实测值的均方根误差分别为7.85%,3.03%。 相似文献
7.
基于改进OK模型的土壤有机质空间分布预测——以宜都市红花套镇为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择合适的土壤有机质（SOM）预测模型是提高区域化空间分布模拟精度的前提,也是监测土壤碳库动态变化和指导农田土壤肥力投入的基础。以湖北宜都红花套镇柑橘区为例,设置普通克里格（OK）插值的SOM结果作对照,分别建立SOM及其最显著相关辅助变量碱解氮间的建模协同克里格（COK1）、全局协同克里格（COK2）和两个融合辅助变量协同相关性的改进OK模型（CCOK1、CCOK2）,探讨纳入辅助变量、改变辅助信息插值数量以及结合辅助变量协同相关性对SOM含量预测的影响。结果表明：1）OK、CCOK1和CCOK2的块基比为25%~75%,表现出中等空间自相关性,而COK1和COK2的块基比小于25%,具有强烈的空间自相关,SOM的空间异质性受结构性因素影响的比重更大。2）SOM的预测含量范围为7.38~29.03 g·kg-1,使用COK1和COK2模型插值获得的有机质空间分布较OK更为破碎,CCOK1和CCOK2的插值结果则呈连续片状分布,更符合研究区土地利用类型分布的实际情况。3）SOM的空间分布预测精度由高到低依次为CCOK1 ≈ CCOK2 > COK2 > COK1 ≈ OK,OK和COK1两者精度指标相近,COK2的拟合效果有一定改进,但CCOK1和CCOK2的相关系数（r）分别从0.10升高到0.70和0.69,均方根误差（RMSE）分别降低了15.40%和14.78%,预测精度最高。因此,本研究提出的融合辅助变量协同相关性的改进OK模型的估算效果最优且在最大程度上提高辅助信息的参与度,可为SOM预测提供参考。 相似文献
8.
以江西省余江县中部地区为例,基于规则网格采样点,利用普通克里格(OK)和3种图斑连接方法(采样点分别与土壤图斑(PSt)、土地利用图斑(PLu)及土壤-土地利用复合图斑连接(PSt Lu))对土壤有机碳(SOC)进行点面拓展,并通过验证样点对比各方法的预测精度。结果表明,土壤类型和土地利用方式对红壤区SOC含量有显著影响,其中土地利用的影响大于土壤类型。OK方法未考虑土壤和土地利用对SOC的影响,空间预测误差最大;PSt和PLu分别考虑了土壤和土地利用类型间的差异,误差较OK分别降低了35.8%和46.0%;而PSt Lu综合考虑了土壤和土地利用的影响,误差较OK降低了48.9%。此外,PSt、PLu和PSt Lu方法得到的SOC分布分别与土壤类型、土地利用方式和土壤-土地利用组合的空间分布一致,均较OK能更好的反映现实情况。 相似文献
9.
基于混合地理加权回归与克里格的区域降水量空间插值方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于四川省区域范围内144个气象站点的实测降水数据,在综合考虑空间位置、地形等影响因素的基础上,采用改进的回归克里格模型,即混合地理加权回归克里格模型（MGWRK）对四川省年降水量的空间分布进行空间插值,并与普通克里格（OK）、全局回归克里格（GRK）和地理加权回归克里格（GWRK）等模型的插值效果进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）应用逐步回归法筛选确定的用于回归分析的影响因子组合为经度、纬度和坡度,可有效消除解释变量间的多重共线性,为后续的空间插值奠定基础;（2）同一回归变量在地理加权回归（GWR）与全局回归（GR）两种回归模型中的AICc（修正的赤池信息量准则,Corrected Akaike Information Criterion）值之差（ΔAICc）可用于定量判定各回归变量的空间非平稳性类型,据此将变量坡度设为全局变量,经度和纬度设为局部变量进行处理。在此基础上,通过MGWRK模型对四川省年降水量进行空间插值;（3）MGWRK插值模型综合考虑了空间位置、地形等多个影响因素及其与降水相互关系的空间非平稳性特征,相对于传统的OK和GRK法具有更高的插值精度。 相似文献
10.
基于Cokriging插值修正冬小麦面积遥感监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在研究区内冬小麦种植区选取149个地面样方,筛选样方内反映种植结构、地块破碎程度、地形因素的参数并利用差分GPS测量,对3个参数量化并确定插值的主辅变量。探讨和比较了利用普通克里格和协同克里格2种插值方法对研究区的冬小麦种植面积比例的插值结果。结果表明,相同采样数量下,协同克里格法相对于普通克里格法的均方根误差降低1.48%,预测值与实测值之间的相关系数提高了6.82%,利用COK插值获取研究区内冬小麦种植面积比例分布状况,可以分区域对大尺度冬小麦面积遥感提取结果进行修正。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献