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1.
抗黄矮病小麦种质的分子标记 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用基因组原位杂交技术分析了抗小麦黄矮病种质的遗传组成,研究表明小麦一中间但麦草部分双二倍体无芒中4(2n=56)具有40条小麦染色体、5对中间僵麦草染色体、3对小麦/中间僵麦草易位染色体,其中1对是罗伯逊氏易位染色体。结果表明无芒中4与远中5的遗传组成有明显差异,是两种不同类型的材料。抗黄矮病小麦种质F940418, T10 相似文献
2.
Among the regenerated plants derived from immature hybrid embryos of wheat–Thinopyrum intermedium disomic addition line Z6 × common wheat variety ‘Zhong8601’, a plant with a telocentric chromosome and barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance was obtained. The telocentric chromosome paired with an entire Thinopyrum chromosome to form a heteromorphic bivalent at meiotic metaphase I. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the telosome originated from Th. intermedium. Two ditelosomic additions and one disomic substitution were identified among the offspring of the plant. Two random amplified polymorphic DNA molecular markers were identified among 150 random primers used to detect the different arms of the alien chromosome. These might be useful for developing translocation lines with BYDV resistance. 相似文献
3.
应用GISH与STS标记鉴定小麦-中间偃麦草抗黄矮病端体系 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
由大麦黄矮病毒引起的小麦黄矮病毒病是一个严重病害,至今在小麦属内还没有发现抗源。中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体携带一个高抗黄矮病基因,对该基因的染色体臂定位将为制定抗病基因向小麦转移策略,筛选、开发特定的、与抗性连锁的分子标记的研究提供重要信息。本文对由小麦-中间偃麦草二体附加系Z6衍生的3个抗黄矮病端体系进行鉴定,通过分析端体的遗传构成、筛选与端体共分离的STS标记以确定端体在遗传上的染色体臂归属,从而明确BYDV抗病基因的染色体位置。以拟鹅冠草基因组[Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Löve,St]DNA为探针,中国春基因组(Triticum aestivum L., ABD) DNA作封阻分别对抗病亲本Z6及抗病端体系N530的根尖体细胞染色体进行原位杂交,结果表明,N530体细胞中有2个端体显示出与Z6中外源染色体2Ai-2短臂相似, 而与长臂不同的杂交信号。以小麦第2同源群的5个RFLP探针的DNA序列为基础,设计了6对PCR引物,对小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系、二体代换系和端体系进行扩增,结果表明,基于短臂探针psr126,psr131序列设计的2对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体及端体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,而基于长臂探针psr112序列设计的1对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,但不能在端体系进行特异扩增,证明外源端体为2Ai-2染色体的短臂。本研究不仅将黄矮病抗性基因定位于2Ai-2染色体的短臂上, 而且由RFLP探针psr126、psr131和psr112序列转化的标记STS126 (sequence tagged site) STS131和STS112还可分别作为追踪2Ai-2染色体短臂和长臂的分子标记,用于抗病易位系辅助选择。 相似文献
4.
携带抗黄矮病基因染色体的分离 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
抗黄矮病小麦一中间堰麦草异附加系Z2 (2n=44)携带一对完整的中间僵麦草染色体,用Z2作母本与普通小麦品种中8601杂交,获得杂种F1(2n=43=21Ⅱ+1I)。利用激光显微切割技术将F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I及后期I的呈单价体的中间僵麦草染色体分离出来,经去蛋白、Sau3AI酶切后,进行PCR体外扩增。结果表明利用激光显微切割可分离 相似文献
5.
Barley yellow dwarf disease (BYDD) is one of the main viral diseases of small grain cereals. This disease, reported on numerous plant species of the Poaceae family, is caused by a complex of viral species including the species Barley yellow dwarf virus‐PAV (BYDV‐PAV, family Luteoviridae, genus Luteovirus), frequently found in western Europe. Resistance sources towards BYDD are scarce. Indeed, breeding‐resistant genotypes is a long and expensive process. Thus, estimating the durability of the resistance genes before the achievement of selection would be an asset for breeders. One isolate of BYDV‐PAV has been serially passaged on two hosts, ‘Zhong ZH’ and ‘TC14’, carrying a gene for partial resistance. The resulting viral population showed an increase of the speed of development of the infection in controlled conditions. In this study, these viral populations were evaluated in a 3‐year field trial, including a susceptible host, ‘Rendezvous’, and a host carrying the resistance gene of ‘TC14’ in a ‘Rendezvous’ background, to assess the effect of serial passages in field conditions. Results indicate that isolates issued from serial passages on hosts carrying a gene for partial resistance induced increased damage in field conditions when compared with the initial isolate. Yield losses are mainly due to a decrease of the number of kernels per square metre. The interest on using partial resistance gene to control BYDD is discussed. 相似文献
6.
小麦抗病基因类似序列BRG1的分离与功能分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用cDNA-AFLP技术筛选到1个在抗黄矮病的小麦-中间偃麦草易位系YW642中特异表达的小麦抗病基因类似序列(BYDV resistance-related gene1, BRG1)的基因片段。利用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(RACE)和RT-PCR技术,从YW642中分离出BRG1基因全长cDNA序列,获得了一个通读的抗病同源基因cDNA序列,编码由645个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,包含1个NB-ARC保守结构域和3个LRR结构域,该蛋白属于nucleotide-site binding, leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR)家族。荧光定量或半定量RT-PCR表达分析表明,BRG1在抗病小麦易位系YW642叶片中优势表达,受BYDV的诱导,BYDV接种后48 h表达量最高,BRG1在感病小麦亲本中8601中表达量始终较低,随BYDV接种时间延长呈轻微的下调趋势;而且外源激素水杨酸(SA)与茉莉酸(JA)处理可上调该基因在YW642中的表达。利用病毒介导的基因沉默技术分析了BRG1基因的功能,结果表明该基因沉默的抗病小麦易位系YW642中BYDV相对含量增加,但未造成抗病性表型显著改变,说明该基因参与抗黄矮病反应,但不是小麦抗黄矮病重要基因。 相似文献
7.
Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum partial amphiploids for resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus
Resistance to viruses such as wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) is lacking in the primary
gene pool of wheat, and therefore resistance is being introgressed from wild relatives such as Thinopyrum species. Resistance to BYDV was found in partial amphiploids (2n = 8x = 56, consisting of 42 wheat and14 alien chromosomes) obtained in hybrids between wheat and both Th. intermedium and Th.ponticum. GISH analysis revealed that the alien genomes of all but one resistant partial amphiploid were heterogeneous consisting
of different ratios of St, Js and J genome chromosomes obtained from theThinopyrum parent. Translocated chromosomes consisting of Robertsonian, interstitial and terminal translocations between the different
genomes were also detected. The tissue blot immunoassay showed that partial amphiploids having resistance could be inoculated
with the virus but both virus multiplication and spread were completely blocked.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Genomic constitution of a partial amphiploid OK7211542 used as a source of immunity to barley yellow dwarf virus for bread wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and meiotic pairing analysis of crosses between a series of 2n= 56 partial amphiploids confirmed that the alien genome of the BYDV-immune Agro-tricum line OK7211542 is derived from Thinopyrum ponticum and not from Thinopyrum intermedium. The evidence from meiotic pairing analysis indicated that the chromosome constitution of OK7211542 is similar to another Agrotricum line, ORRPX, which was derived from a cross of wheat and Th. ponticum, but different from other Agrotricum lines, Zhong 5 and TAF 46 which were derived from the crosses between wheat and Th. intermedium. The GISH analysis confirmed that OK7211542 contained one complete set of 14 Th. ponticum chromosomes, in which no S chromosome was present in the alien genome. GISH also detected a small alien translocation attached to one of the wheat chromosomes, a result that was consistent with the pairing data. 相似文献
9.
利用BSMV-VIGS技术快速分析小麦TNBL1基因的抗黄矮病功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦黄矮病是由蚜虫介导的大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV)侵染引起的小麦重要病害之一。利用cDNA-AFLP分析,筛选出在抗黄矮病小麦易位系YW642中特异表达的长度为292 bp的 cDNA片段,以此片段为启始序列,利用RACE和RT-PCR技术克隆出该基因的全长cDNA序列,推导该基因编码1个NBS-LRR蛋白,将其命名为TNBL1。本研究利用大麦条纹花叶病毒(BSMV)诱导的基因沉默(virus-inducing gene silencing, VIGS)技术,快速分析TNBL1是否参与小麦抗黄矮病反应。通过PCR添加酶切位点、定向酶切与连接,将TNBL1特异的292bp片段反向整合到BSMV-γ链的多克隆位点上,获得重组载体BSMV-γ: TNBL1as,体外转录BSMV-VIGS载体的3个组分(BSMV-TNBL1as、BSMV-α和BSMV-β),等量混合、摩擦接种到抗黄矮病的小麦易位系YW642幼苗叶片上,使YW642中TNBL1基因沉默,然后接种BYDV病原进行黄矮病抗性鉴定。结果表明,TNBL1基因沉默后的YW642对BYDV敏感、显现感病症状,其体内BYDV含量较未发生基因沉默的YW642中的明显增加,证明TNBL1基因是正向调控小麦抗BYDV反应的1个重要基因。 相似文献
10.
大赖草对赤霉病具有较好的抗性,将大赖草赤霉病抗性基因转入普通小麦,对拓宽小麦赤霉病抗性基础有重要意义。本研究在获得抗赤霉病普通小麦–大赖草异附加系基础上,采用~(60)Co-γ射线(1200Rad,剂量率100Rad min~(-1))处理小麦–大赖草二体附加系DA7Lr,并用处理后的花粉授给去雄的普通小麦中国春,对其M_1代种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体进行GISH分析,获得1株具有一条普通小麦–大赖草易位染色体的植株,对其自交后代中具有2条易位染色体植株的花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I观察发现,2条易位染色体形成了稳定的环状二价体,表明该植株为纯合体。利用顺序GISH–双色FISH分析,结合C-分带、小麦D组专化探针Oligo-pAs1-2和B组专化探针Oligo-pSc119.2-2,进一步鉴定出该易位系为T5AS-7LrL·7LrS,同时筛选出可追踪该易位系的3个EST-STS分子标记,即BE591127、BQ168298和BE591737。该易位系的育成也为小麦赤霉病遗改良提供了新种质。 相似文献
11.
小麦黄矮病是由大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV)引起的小麦重要病毒病。分离于小麦–中间偃麦草易位系的蛋白激酶编码基因TiDPK1, 是一个抗小麦黄矮病相关基因。本文报道利用酵母双杂交技术和双分子荧光互补技术对TiDPK1与BYDV外壳蛋白(coat protein, CP)互作的研究结果。酵母双杂交分析结果表明, TiDPK1能够与BYDV-GAV、-PAV株系的CP互作, 双分子荧光互补分析结果进一步表明, TiDPK1可与BYDV的CP互作、产生双分子荧光互补信号, 说明TiDPK1确可与BYDV CP相互作用, 该结果对了解TiDPK1在小麦抗BYDV反应机制具有一定意义。 相似文献
12.
A breeding programme was developed to obtain barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV)-resistant winter genotypes using the Yd2 gene. The aim was to incorporate the Yd2 allele into the new high-yielding genotypes to release cultivars that allow barley cultivation in areas where BYDV is endemic. The resistant lines were developed using pedigree selection. An ICARDA resistant line (83RCBB130) carrying the Yd2 gene was crossed with three susceptible, high-yielding winter varieties and their F1 lines were either selfed or backcrossed to the matching susceptible parent. The best lines selected from subsequent selfing generations were evaluated in replicated trials in the presence or absence of BYDV, starting from F6 and BC1F5 to F8 and BC1F7 generations. Four genotypes with superior agronomic traits and BYDV resistance were selected. 相似文献
13.
Zhi-Shan Lin Zhi-Fu Cui Xiang-Yan Zeng You-Zhi Ma Zeng-Yan Zhang Toshiki Nakamura Goro Ishikawa Kazuhiro Nakamura Hisashi Yoshida Zhi-Yong Xin 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):109-118
Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that
line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452
were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was
a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain
terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably
2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines. 相似文献
14.
Summary One durum wheat line (Triticum durum), cv. 82PCD476, with useful BYDV tolerance or resistance, was singled out of 5 152 lines evaluated between 1979 and 1986. A few other lines such as cv. Boohai and cv. 12th IDSN 227, slightly inferior to cv. 82PCD476, also showed some value. With an hybrid of cv. 12th IDSN227 with the susceptible cv. 84PCY-S531, broad-sense heritability values of 0.37–0.41 were obtained for symptoms and a heritability value of 0.55 was obtained for the total weight of spikes. The weight of spikes was considered as a good indicator of wheat tolerance to BYDV. Although BYDV resistance or tolerance genes are not very common in durum wheat, sources of heritable resistance could be found. However, the resistance ofT. aestivum to BYDV was superior to the one found inT. durum.Cintribution no. 323 相似文献
15.
A series of barley varieties of practical interest in Britain and Western Europe were assessed for reaction to the barley yellow-dwarf virus (BYDV). All proved to be highly susceptible. Fourteen barley selections found to be tolerant to BYDV in the United States were also tested. Although all were tolerant to BYDV when tested in the glasshouse, only two were tolerant under British field conditions. One selection was slightly less tolerant of one virus isolate than it was of another isolate.In progeny from crosses of tolerant and susceptible genotypes, the inheritance of BYDV tolerance was conditioned by a single major gene which showed little or no dominance. Results of preliminary work to introduce BYDV tolerance into the new high yielding European commercial barley varieties, using the backcross method, are reported. Following two or three successive generations of backcrossing, the selection of plants containing the tolerance gene in the heterozygous condition became impossible and the homozygous tolerant genotypes had to be reconstituted to facilitate the selection of plants for further breeding. 相似文献
16.
Previous studies showed that a T. aestivum-H. villosa disomic substitution line DS4V(4D) showed a high level of resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). By crossing
DS4V(4D) with the common wheat variety Yangmai #5, plants were obtained that were double monosomic for chromosomes 4V and
4D. Univalents are prone to misdivision at the centromere, and fusion of the derived telocentric chromosomes leads to the
production of Robertsonian whole-arm translocations. We screened the progenies of such double monosomic plants by C-banding
and genomic in situ hybridization and identified one compensating translocation where the short arm of 4V was translocated to the long arm of
4D of wheat, T4VS⋅4DL. RFLP analysis using the group-4 specific probe BCD110 was used to confirm the translocation. The T4VS⋅4DL
translocation stock, accessioned as NAU413, is highly resistant to WSSMV and is also of good agronomic type. The WSSMV resistance
gene located on 4VS was designated Wss1. 相似文献
17.
Yang Zu-Jun Li Guang-Rong Chang Zhi-Jian Zhou Jian-Ping Ren Zheng-Long 《Euphytica》2006,149(1-2):11-17
A partial amphiploid, TE-3, between Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) and Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum was characterized by cytological observation, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), seed storage protein electrophoresis and disease resistance screening. The TE-3 plants were deeply covered with pubescence, which is characteristic of the Th. intermedium ssp. trichophorum parent. Feulgen staining of the somatic metaphases revealed that the chromosome number varied from 52 to 56. TE-3 pollen mother cells (PMCs) regularly showed two to four univalents and 25 to 27 bivalents, indicating a degree of cytological instability. Giemsa-C banding showed that the Thinopyrum chromosomes in TE-3 produced strong heterochromatin bands. GISH analysis suggested that the alien chromosomes in TE-3 consisted of eight St chromosomes, four Js chromosomes, and two J genome chromosomes, as well as two St-J translocation chromosomes. Seeds storage proteins separated by acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulphate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that TE-3 expressed some of Th. intermedium ssp. trichophorum specific gliadin and glutenin bands. When inoculated with stripe rust and powdery mildew isolates, TE-3 expressed resistance derived from its Thinopyrum parent. It appears that TE-3 can be used as a donor source in wheat breeding programs to introduce novel variation for quality and disease resistance. 相似文献
18.
Summary Fifty four hybrid plants between Elymus canadensis and Psathyrostachys juncea were obtained by handpollination and embryo culture. The average cross compatibility between both species was 31.2 percent. One amphiploid plant was induced by colchicine treatment. The hybrid and amphiploid plants resembled P. juncea in appearance but showed a higher plant height and dry matter yield than the parents. The hybrids showed extremely low pollen stainability and were completely sterile. With the exception of one plant (2n=3x+1=22), all hybrid plants were allotriploids (SHN, 2n=3x=21). The amphiploid plant (SSHHNN, 2n=6x=42) showed 58.9% pollen stainability and 11.6% seed fertility.Mean chromosome associations of the hybrids and amphiploid at metaphase I were 0.02IV+0.06III+2.03II+16.91I and 0.07III+18.00II+5.85I, respectively. Lagging chromosomes, chromosome bridges, abnormal cytokinesis, and micronuclei were occasionally observed at the anaphase, telophase, or tetrad stage. 相似文献
19.
Summary Leaves and plants of different ages of a susceptible and two resistant groundnut genotypes were mechanically inoculated with peanut bud necrosis virus, and the percentage of plants with systemic symptoms (incidence) and the incubation period were determined. The incidence decreased sharply in all three genotypes with the age of the inoculated leaves and plants. The incubation period increased with the age of leaves and plants. Apparently, only young tissue of young plants is susceptible, while mature tissue and plants are highly resistant. This mature tissue and plant resistance occurs irrespective of the susceptibility level of the genotype to peanut bud necrosis virus, however, it develops earlier in the resistant than in the susceptible genotypes.Abbreviations IP50
incubation period
- PBNV
peanut bud necrosis virus
- TSWV
tomato spotted wilt virus 相似文献
20.
K. K. Nkongolo 《Euphytica》1996,90(3):337-344
Summary The Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus disease (BYDV) and the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) have caused significant losses to wheat and barley in several areas of the world. Important sources of resistance to both BYDV and RWA have been found in Triticale. Different generations of interspecific wheat x Triticale crosses were produced and the progenies were screened for BYDV and RWA tolerance. Plants with equal chromosome numbers showed different levels of fertility. A significant correlation was observed between pollen fertility and seed set in primary florets (r=0.57). In generaL, pollen fertility, seed set and the number of euploid plants (2n=42) increased from one generation to the next. The expression of BYDV tolerance varied from population to population. Additive effects were predominant in F1 and some backcross populations. A dominant effect of rye tolerance genes was also observed in few populations. A monogenic trait or a quantitative (polygenic) character would not agree with the observed segregation patterns. The heritability of this oligogenic tolerance was quite different between populations and in many populations the tolerance genes were only partially expressed. Some transgressive segregation for tolerance and sensitivity was demonstrated. The genes controlling tolerance to RWA in Triticale lines, Muskox 658 and Nord Kivu were not expressed in advanced lines resistant to BYDV. This indicates that tolerance genes for BYDV and RWA in these lines are located on different chromosomes. 相似文献