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1.
油菜叶片气孔导度与冠层光谱植被指数的相关性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
孙金英  曹宏鑫  黄云 《作物学报》2009,35(6):1131-1138
利用冠层光谱实时、无损和定量监测植物叶片气孔导度,对于改善作物水分利用效率以及产量和品质预测预报具有十分重要的意义。本研究采用裂区设计法(宁油18和宁油16两个品种)、两个供氮水平(N180：纯氮180 kg hm-2、P2O5 120 kg hm-2、K2O 180 kg hm-2和硼砂15 kg hm-2;N0：CK)于2007-2008年测定油菜冠层光谱反射率、叶片气孔导度以及叶面积指数(LAI)和叶片鲜、干生物量,利用各波段光谱反射率组合产生的植被指数,分析油菜叶片气孔导度的变化规律及其与光谱植被指数的相关性,从而建立光谱植被指数对叶片气孔导度的估算模型。结果表明,在整个生育期油菜叶片气孔导度呈“双峰”变化, LAI和叶片鲜、干生物量均呈单峰曲线变化;开花前光谱植被指数与油菜叶片气孔导度和油菜冠层叶片平均气孔导度均呈极显著正相关,且光谱植被指数对油菜冠层叶片气孔导度的拟合效果好于对油菜叶片气孔导度的。光谱植被指数与冠层叶片气孔导度的量化关系可为今后快速、无损、大面积的油菜作物气孔导度估算奠定一定基础。  相似文献   

2.
气孔控制着光合作用和蒸腾作用两个相互耦合的过程,气孔导度与光合速率的耦合关系是理解陆地生态系统碳循环和水循环及其耦合关系的基础。利用LI-6400光合仪控制光强和CO2浓度变化,分析了C3和C4作物气孔导度-光合速率耦合关系的差异。结果表明:即使CO2浓度变化条件下,Ball-Berry模型也能很好地模拟气孔导度与光合速率二者的耦合关系。气孔导度与净光合速率之间的耦合系数体现了不同作物之间水-碳交换比例的差异,反映了气孔限制和内部生理生化过程限制在不同作物上所占的比例。由于该系数在C3作物和C4作物之间存在明显差异,C3作物中,陆生C3作物和水生C3作物也存在一定差异,因此作物的生态功能类型可以大体划分为3类:C4作物、陆生C3作物和水生C3作物。这种生态功能类型的划分为提高碳循环、水循环以及水碳耦合循环模型在区域尺度上应用的精度是有益的。  相似文献   

3.
殷毓芬  张存良 《作物学报》1995,21(5):561-567
对４５个冬小麦品种不同生育期的叶片净光俣速率（Ｐｎ）、气孔导度（Ｇｓ）、胞间ＣＯ２浓度（Ｃｉ）、气孔阻力（ｒｓ）等４个性状的研究表明：４个性状在品种间均存在较大的差异；大部分品种的净光合速率（Ｐｎ）后期显著低于盛花期以前，几乎所有品种气孔阻力（Ｒｓ）盛花后期显著地低于盛花前期，气孔导度（Ｇｓ）和胞间ＣＯ２浓度则恰好相反；净光合速率（ｐｎ）在盛花前期主要受气孔因素限制，盛花后期主要受非气孔因素限制。  相似文献   

4.
施肥对小麦叶片光合特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  
为了揭示肥料对小麦光合速率的影响效应,进而提高小麦的光合生产力,以小麦品种莱农0245为研究对象,对比分析了施肥和不施肥2种处理下,灌浆期旗叶的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及水分利用率对光强响应特征。结果表明:正常施肥时小麦的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用率都随光强的增强而逐渐增大。不施肥条件下,蒸腾速率和气孔导度随光强的增强而逐渐增大,而在高光强(>1 200μmol/(m2.s))下,会产生光抑制现象,光合速率降低,这也造成水分利用率的降低。正常施肥条件下的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均高于不施肥条件下。因此,适量施肥可以明显改善小麦的光合能力。  相似文献   

5.
大豆叶片光合速率与气孔导度、叶肉导度的关系   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：14  
在田间条件下，研究１２个大豆品种两个生育时期的叶片光合速率（ＰＡ）、气孔导度（ｇｓ）、叶肉导度（ｇｍ）、气孔内ＣＯ２浓度（Ｃｉ）和蒸腾速率（ＴＲ）。结果表明，上述５个性状均有显著的品种间差异，并且鼓粒中后期明显大于开花前后。各性状的平均数在鼓粒中后期均极显著低于开花前后。ＰＡ与ｇｓ的关系，随生育期表现不同，在开花前后，可以配合成一条三次多项式曲线，并显示出一最大的ＰＡ值，而在鼓粒中后期则呈显著的线  相似文献   

6.
以从江红皮糯、榕江矮糯、惠水黑糯、从江黑糯、苟央当和黎平无名禾6份贵州地方水稻以及常规品种EY 105为材料,采用营养液培养法,3叶1心期分别进行氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、硫、锌、铜等元素缺乏处理,研究不同营养元素缺乏对供试水稻品种的叶绿素含量(Chl)气孔导度(Gs)和净光合速率(Pn)的影响.结果表明,除惠水黑糯叶片叶绿素含量在缺磷处理升高外,其他缺素处理时水稻叶片叶绿素含量均下降.不同缺素处理对不同水稻品种气孔导度的影响存在差异.除缺钾、磷外其他各种缺素处理下,水稻叶片净光合速率较完全营养液处理降幅差异显著.叶片气孔导度变化与净光合速率变化表明,净光合速率降低不仅与气孔导度下降有关,还与其他非气孔因素有关.综合各指标分析,惠水黑糯、从江红皮糯、从江黑糯和榕江矮糯相对其他品种对不同缺素胁迫具有较强抵抗能力.  相似文献   

7.
燕麦叶片光合速率、气孔导度对光强和CO_2的响应与模拟   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
为指导燕麦生产,并了解燕麦在陆地生态系统水-碳循环过程中的作用,用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,人工控制光强和CO2浓度,在锡林郭勒盟对燕麦叶片光合速率、气孔导度进行了研究,结果表明:燕麦叶片光合速率随光强的增强而增大,可以用米氏方程对其进行描述,在自然CO2浓度下,燕麦叶片的潜在最大光合速率为18.63μmol/(m2·s);在饱和光强下,光合速率随CO2浓度的增大而增大,也可以用米氏方程对其进行描述,CO2浓度→∞时,潜在最大光合速率达到110.28 μmol/(m2·s);气孔导度随光强的增强而增大,随CO2浓度的增大而减小;气孔限制值随光强的增强而增大,气孔限制值随CO2浓度的增大迅速增大,而[CO2]>200 μmol/mol时,气孔限制值基本保持恒定.  相似文献   

8.
杨明超 《种子科技》2007,25(5):44-46
通过盆栽及水培试验,结果表明:参试三个品种的气孔导度与光合速率、蒸腾速率均呈直线相关,但气孔导度对蒸腾速率的相关系数﹥气孔导度对光合速率的相关系数;品种间气孔调节能力为农大60号>中单2号>陕单911;陕单911的渗透调节能力>中单2号>农大60号,陕单911能通过较低的渗透势和细胞内溶质含量的增加维持细胞吸水,从而维持叶片较高的相对含水量和叶水势,并具有较高的膨压,维持细胞的延伸生长。三个品种的耐脱水干化能力不同,失水速度为陕单911>农大60号>中单2号。  相似文献   

9.
鸡桑叶片光合速率与气孔导度及微气象因子的相关性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
谌晓芳 《中国农学通报》2008,24(11):197-201
摘要：鸡桑(Morus australis Poir)叶片光合速率是桑的重要生理指标,本文旨在对影响鸡桑光合速率的生理因子------气孔导度和影响鸡桑光合速率的微气象因子进行分析,讨论其对鸡桑光合速率的影响;在鸡桑果实成熟期开展连续24h加密观测微气象因子,符合气象观测规范,采用LI6400型便携式光合测定仪,每个时次对相同的叶片进行活体测定。结果显示：鸡桑气孔导度与叶片光合速率及蒸腾速率呈正相关关系;鸡桑胞间CO2浓度与气孔导度呈负相关关系,CO2浓度在不同阶段对气孔导度的影响不同,浓度水平越高,影响越巨大;在影响鸡桑光合速率的微气象因子中,光照强度及叶温与鸡桑叶片光合速率在一定范围内呈正相关,光合速率随胞间CO2浓度的升高而降低。可见：鸡桑气孔导度与叶片光合速率、蒸腾速率及胞间CO2浓度关系密切,且与蒸腾速率的关系更显著;光照强度、CO2浓度及叶温等气象因子作为重要外界因素,其对鸡桑叶片光合速率的影响也是巨大的。  相似文献   

10.
通过对欧美杨喷施黄腐酸后的几项生理指标的研究,结果表明,质量浓度为3.5 g•L-1的处理效果最好,其气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别比对照降低了42.0%和26.1%;对光合作用有促进作用;对欧美杨的叶水势提高幅度为13.8%,能显著抑制叶水势的下降。  相似文献   

11.
Drought stress is a major limiting factor for crop production in the arid and semi‐arid regions. Here, we screened eighty barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes collected from different geographical locations contrasting in drought stress tolerance and quantified a range of physiological and agronomical indices in glasshouse trails. The experiment was conducted in large soil tanks subjected to drought treatment of eighty barley genotypes at three‐leaf stage and gradually brought to severe drought by withholding irrigation for 30 days under glasshouse conditions. Also, root length of the same genotypes was measured from stress‐affected plants growing hydroponically. Drought tolerance was scored 30 days after the drought stress commenced based on the degree of the leaf wilting, fresh and dry biomass and relative water content. These characteristics were related to stomatal conductance, stomatal density, residual transpiration and leaf sap Na, K, Cl contents measured in control (irrigated) plants. Responses to drought stress differed significantly among the genotypes. The overall drought tolerance was significantly correlated with relative water content, stomatal conductance and leaf Na+ and K+ contents. No significant correlations between drought tolerance and root length of 6‐day‐old seedling, stomatal density, residual transpiration and leaf sap Cl? content were found. Taking together, these results suggest that drought‐tolerant genotypes have lower stomatal conductance, and lower water content, Na+, K+ and Cl? contents in their tissue under control conditions than the drought‐sensitive ones. These traits make them more resilient to the forthcoming drought stress.  相似文献   

12.
为了研究红外热像技术在测量叶片气孔导度的应用上的可行性,以美洲黑杨与大青杨杂种(Populus deltoids Bartr.×Populus ussuriensis Kom.)为材料,在正常灌溉和干旱胁迫的对比下,利用红外热像仪考察了叶片的气孔导度Gs的日变化,根据叶片能量平衡方程分析了气孔导度与温度之间的关系,并采用便携式光合测量系统验证了红外热像测量气孔导度的准确性。结果表明：在2种水分处理条件下,叶片的气孔导度值均呈双峰曲线,峰值出现在10:00和14:00,正常灌溉和干旱条件下的峰值分别为120 mmol/(m2?s)、70 mmol/(m2?s)和80 mmol/(m2?s)、40 mmol/(m2?s);气孔导度与温度的响应呈反比趋势;气孔导度的模型计算值与实际测量值之间的关系呈线性相关,正常灌溉和干旱状态下的相关系数分别为0.8678、0.8347;气孔导度相关指数IG和水分胁迫指数CWSI分别与测量得到的气孔导度呈正比、反比的趋势。总之,与传统的利用便携式光合仪测定气孔导度相比,利用红外热像技术测量更便捷、准确,且适用性更加广泛,本研究为今后利用红外热像测量气孔导度奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   

13.
Quinoa (ChenopodiumquinoaWilld.) is a highly nutritious Andean seed crop which shows great potential to grow under a range of hostile environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the differences of drought tolerance of a Bolivian (Achachino) and a Danish (Titicaca) variety, and especially drought‐related adaption strategies. Soil water status was expressed as the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW). Relative stomatal conductance (RSC), relative transpiration (RT) and relative leaf water potential (RLW) were calculated by determining stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and leaf water potential of the drought‐treated plants relative to those of fully irrigated plants. The responses of RSC, RT and RLW to decreasing FTSW were described by a linear‐plateau model. The critical value of FTSW was the threshold of FTSW where the parameters studied decreased. The thresholds increased CS for stomatal conductance, CT for transpiration and CLfor leaf water potential. Achachino showed significantly lower CT and CL when compared with Titicaca, implying that transpiration and leaf water potential were less affected under mild drought conditions in the Bolivian variety. CS in Achachino was significantly higher than CL and CT, which indicated that stomatal conductance declined before transpiration and leaf water potential were reduced. Such difference was found in Titicaca where reduction of leaf area had more effect on transpiration than stomatal closure. Slower growth rate and smaller leaf area in combination with a lower stomatal conductance was found to contribute to drought resistance in Achachino. ABA concentration in the xylem sap tended to increase in both varieties after 2 days onset of drought, prior to decline in leaf water potential. Titicaca showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher ABA concentration when compared with Achachino under both fully irrigated and drought conditions. Titicaca had higher xylem nutrient concentration in comparison with Achachino in both fully‐watered and drought plants at day 2 after onset of soil drying. It was concluded that Titicaca was more sensitive to progressive drought than Achachino which avoided water loss by means of lower growth rate and smaller leaf area.  相似文献   

14.
Soybean ( Glycine max L.) plants, cv Richland, were grown during 30 days in a nutrient solution. After this period the plants were treated with a 50 μM Cd(NO3)2 solution. Sap flow rate and stomatal conductance were monitored during 4 consecutive days; at the end of this period relative water content and stomatal width and length were determined on fully expanded leaves. On the second day from the Cd treatment sap, flow rate and stomatal conductance in the treated plants were reduced to 60% of the control plants. Stomatal conductance kept on decreasing up to the fourth day. Cadmium decreased the leaf relative water content and the reduction in the stomatal closure was supported by an increase in the L/W ratio of the stomata. Root water uptake should be the primary mechanism reduced by Cd stress in soybean, and this reduction is consistent with the decrease in transpiration rate and with the stomatal closure.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Five genotypes of Vicia faba L. with contrasting frequencies were grown in a controlled environment in soil moisture regimes of 100%, 78% and 61% of field capacity. Growth, water use and leaf conductance characteristics were measured. Stomata were more frequent on abaxial than adaxial surfaces, the abaxial/adaxial ratio ranging from 1.12 to 1.34. There were significant (P<0.001) correlations between calculated stomatal conductance, based on measurements of stomatal frequency and length, and leaf conductance measured with a diffusion porometer, in the two higher soil moisture treatments. In the 100% regime only, abaxial stomata opened wider than adaxial. Ranking of the genotypes for leaf conductance and plant transpiration was similar in all three regimes with large leaved types having the lowest conductance and greatest water use efficiency. Growing plants with reduced soil moisture availability improved water use efficiency, the ranking for which was also similar in all treatments. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were greatest with full watering, less in the 78% and least in the 61% regime. Leaf area ratio was less affected by available soil moisture and only in some genotypes.  相似文献   

16.
干旱对农业生态系统影响研究进展   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
笔者综述了国内外近10 年干旱对农业生态系统的影响研究,国内外学者主要基于田间试验观测,从细胞微观、单株作物、站点尺度较好地研究了干旱对农作物干物质合成、分配的影响机制,分析了不同生长阶段干旱对作物生长的影响差异。干旱明显降低了作物气孔导度,影响了ATP 合成酶的活性,降低了光合作用效率。在部分作物生长前期,干旱会适当地增加干物质向根部的分配比例,提高水分利用效率;但在大部分作物生长中后期,干旱将直接影响作物地上生物量合成,降低作物产量。但是,干旱对农业生态系统的区域性研究稍显不足。干旱影响范围广,持续时间长,受灾地区农作物品种复杂。单一站点田间试验观测不能反映干旱的区域性影响,且在大范围下开展多站点田间实时观测耗时费力。遥感可以实现干旱影响的大范围监测,但却不足以反映干旱对不同作物的影响差异。随着计算机模拟技术的不断发展,基于田间试验观测构建的作物生长模型能有效克服田间试验的时空局限性,且通过不同的作物模型或参数设置,能够较为准确地反映干旱对不同作物的影响差异,成为开展干旱对农业生态系统影响的重要手段。  相似文献   

17.
An accurate estimation of stomatal resistance (rS) also under drought stress conditions is of pivotal importance for any process‐based prediction of transpiration and the energy budget of real crop canopies and quantification of drought stress. A new model for rS was developed and parameterized for winter wheat using data from field experiments accounting for the influences of net radiation (RNet), air temperature (TAir) and vapour pressure deficit of the atmosphere (VPD) interacting with an average water potential in the rooted soil (ψRootedSoil). rS is simulated with a limiting factor approach as maximum of the metabolic (related to photosynthesis) and hydraulic (related to drought stress) acting influences assuming that, if drought stress occurs, it will dominate stomatal control: rS = max(rS(TAir), rS(RNet), rS(VPD, ψRootedSoil)). This transitional approach is suited to reproduce measured daily time courses of rS with a varying accuracy for the single measurement dates but performed satisfactorily for the whole data set (r2 = 0.63, RMSE = 59 s m?1, EF = 0.60). This new semi‐empiric approach calculates rS directly from external environmental conditions. Therefore, it can be easily implemented in existing model frameworks as link between operational crop growth models that use the concept of radiation use efficiency instead of mechanistic photosynthesis modelling and soil–vegetation–atmosphere transport models.  相似文献   

18.
水分胁迫对大丽花光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响   总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5  
以大丽花品种‘粉西施’盆栽扦插苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫及复水对大丽花品种粉西施叶片光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响。结果表明：随着水分胁迫程度的加深和胁迫时间的延长,大丽花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用率(WUE)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先下降后上升,气孔限制值Ls先升高后下降。轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;重度水分胁迫下,非气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因。重度胁迫更早对大丽花叶片造成伤害,重度胁迫下复水后光合指标难以恢复。  相似文献   

19.
摘要：为了揭示叶面肥“天达-2116”对烟草光合速率的影响,本试验对比分析了喷施和不喷施叶面肥“天达-2116”两种处理下,旺长期叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度以及水分利用率对光强响应特征。结果表明：喷施叶面肥时烟草的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度都随光强的增强而逐渐增大。不喷施条件下,蒸腾速率和气孔导度随光强的增强而逐渐增大,而在高光强（>1200μmol s-1m-2）下,会产生光饱和现象。喷施叶面肥“天达-2116”条件下的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度均高于不喷施的,但并未改变水分利用效率。因此,适量喷施叶面肥“天达-2116”可以显著改善烟草叶片的的光合生理性状和气体交换能力。  相似文献   

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