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以12种杜鹃花属植物种子为试验材料,对种子性状进行测量观察,并在室温储藏后于25℃/15℃(白天/夜晚,各12 h)变温条件下进行种子萌发试验,分析不同杜鹃花属植物种子性状和萌发特性。结果表明,供试12种杜鹃花属种子细小,测量种子长、宽,粒长范围为0.68～4.78 mm,粒宽范围为0.25～2.06 mm,其中溪畔杜鹃种子长宽比最大,短脉杜鹃种子长宽比最小;千粒重范围为0.060～0.334 g,其中毛棉杜鹃千粒重最小,稀果杜鹃千粒重最大;12种杜鹃花属种子萌发能力依次为腺萼马银花>溪畔杜鹃>金萼杜鹃>映山红>毛棉杜鹃>短脉杜鹃>广东杜鹃>丁香杜鹃>云锦杜鹃>心基杜鹃>稀果杜鹃>百合花杜鹃。对比分析不同杜鹃花属植物种子萌发能力和种子性状,得出不同杜鹃花属植物种子的发芽率和发芽指数差异极显著,并且种子千粒重越小,其种子的萌发优势就越大。 相似文献
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基于ITS条形码技术分析北京云蒙山杜鹃花属遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为从分子生物学角度综合评价国内外杜鹃花属物种系统发育关系,采用北京云蒙山地区4个迎红杜鹃亚属的迎红杜鹃和1个杜鹃亚属的照白杜鹃为供试材料进行ITS序列测定,并与从Genbank数据库中得到杜鹃花属17种不同种源的ITS序列,对22种杜鹃花亚属供试材料ITS序列在选用K2模型,采用邻接法(neighbor-joining method)和最大似然法(maximum likelihood method)构建系统进化树,分析杜鹃花亚属中各种源的系统位置,将供试杜鹃花亚属分为2大类5小类。22种供试材料均按照所属亚属被分到了不同分支,分类结果与传统的形态学分类结果较为一致。通过ITS序列比对发现,杜鹃花属的22份供试材料序列的一致性为95.29%,说明杜鹃花属ITS序列具有较高的保守性。同时,杜鹃花属的22份供试材料ITS序列均有不同程度的变异,共有80个有效变异位点,这些变异位点可以作为杜鹃花属种源的DNA指纹特异识别位点。为探讨北京云蒙山杜鹃花属种源的分类地位提供分子证据,对系统分析云蒙山杜鹃花属野生杜鹃群落的遗传多样性以及特异种质的保护、利用和开发具有重要意义。 相似文献
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利用高山杜鹃优异品种与野生种质进行杂交是培育自主观叶新品种的有效途径。本研究开展以高山杜鹃‘XXL’(Rhododendron’XXL’)为母本,蓝果杜鹃(R. cyanocarpum)为父本进行杂交授粉,用荧光显微镜观察授粉花粉萌发及花粉管的生长过程,调查其子房膨大率和结实率。结果显示,在授粉后1～8 d,蓝果杜鹃的花粉萌发率呈缓慢上升趋势,‘XXL’花粉管在花柱中呈显著伸长趋势,期间无受精情况发生;在授粉后11～17 d,花粉管进入‘XXL’子房并发生受精;在授粉后17 d,其花粉萌发率和受精胚珠数达最大值,分别为(31.67±8.50)%和(13.67±3.79)个。在花粉管生长过程中,在柱头细胞、花粉管、花柱、子房和胚珠等多处出现异常胼胝质沉积反应;其杂交子房膨大率为18.75%,结籽率为零。研究表明,高山杜鹃‘XXL’与蓝果杜鹃的杂交不亲和性明显且可能存在较强的杂交障碍。 相似文献
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Summary The occurrence of seed malformation in association with reduced thousand grain weight and germination ability has been observed in crosses between cultivated female plants and wild male plants. A survey of 16 cultivated accessions (P. glaucum subsp. glaucum) and 11 wild accessions (P. glaucum subsp. monodii) ranging over the whole species diversity showed this postzygotic incompatibility was general, but its intensity varied greatly with the cultivated female accession used and very little with the wild male parent origin. About 15% of the 123 cultivated x wild crosses observed gave normal seeds. Seed malformation has never been observed in crosses between cultivated accessions and appeared independent of genetic distances between the parents. The reciprocal crosses between wild female plants and cultivated male plants gave normal-looking seeds with good germination but consistently reduced thousand grain weight. Both seed malformation and seed small size are an expression of a genetic imbalance. These slight reproductive barriers seem to have been built during the domestication process.Abbreviation ICRISAT
International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics 相似文献
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为建立高效的高山杜鹃植株再生体系,以6种(‘Percy Wiseman’、‘Cunnigham’s White’、‘Halfdem Lem’、‘Madame Masson’、‘Scintillation’、‘XXL’)高山杜鹃组培苗叶片为材料,研究高山杜鹃离体叶片分化的基因型效应和外源激素效应,并通过形态学和组织细胞学研究其再生途径。结果表明,TDZ诱导6种高山杜鹃离体叶片再生的效果好于ZT,0.04~0.08 mg/L TDZ诱导离体叶片的分化率可达100%,叶片平均分化不定芽数为5.67~13个/片。6种高山杜鹃均可作为遗传转化的候选材料,其中‘Scintillation’、‘Halfdem Lem’和‘Cunnigham’s White’的再生能力更强。6种高山杜鹃离体叶片的再生途径主要为器官直接再生,其中‘Percy wiseman’和‘Madame Masson’除器官直接发生途径外,在TDZ诱导下少量叶片存在愈伤组织间接再生途径分化不定芽。试验结果可为研究高山杜鹃离体叶片再生芽机理,提高其植株再生频率和遗传转化效率提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Cajanus reticulatus var. grandifolius, endemic to Australia and a wild relative of the cultivated species, C. cajan, was successfully crossed with the latter as the female parent. The major wild species characters such as persistent stipules,
long pod hairs, pod shattering, brown seeds with grey speckles, and presence of seed strophiole were dominant in the hybrid.
For growth and branching habit, and leaflet, flower, pod, and seed size, the hybrid was intermediate between the parents.
The meiotic cells of the hybrid were found to have quadrivalents, trivalents, univalents,and showed reduced chromosome pairing
as revealed by the increased number of rod bivalents per cell at metaphase-I, and stickiness and precocious movement of chromosomes
to poles in the second division. In comparison to the parents, the hybrid had fewer pods and seeds. However,these anomalies
in the interspecific hybrid are not significant enough to preclude the gene transfer from C. reticulatus to the cultivated species through a sexual route.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Shelley Jansky 《Euphytica》2011,178(2):273-281
Valuable genetic diversity in diploid wild Solanum species can be accessed through crosses to haploids (2n = 2×) of the tetraploid cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum. Haploid-wild species hybrids segregate for the ability to tuberize in the field. In addition, they vary in male fertility,
vine size, stolon length, and tuber size. In this study, three haploids were crossed with nine diploid wild Solanum species and 27 hybrid families were evaluated in the field for two years. The proportion of male fertile hybrid clones varied
depending on the wild species parent. A large effect of the female parent was detected for vine size, stolon length, tuber
size, percent tuberization, and percent plants selected for agronomic quality. An exceptional haploid (US-W4) was identified
for the production of agronomically desirable haploid-wild species hybrids. In hybrids derived from US-W4, differences among
wild species parents were observed for agronomic quality. Superior hybrids were produced by S. berthaultii and S. microdontum. Reciprocal crosses were evaluated for a subset of families. When the wild species was used as the female parent, male fertility
was restored, but tuberization and tuber size were reduced. Careful selection of both haploid and wild species parents can
result in a large proportion of fertile, agronomically desirable hybrid offspring. 相似文献
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探索野生垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutans Griseb.）种子萌发与幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的生理响应,为西藏乡土植物耐旱性鉴定和育种提供依据。以西藏那曲市班戈县和索县2个地区的2份野生垂穗披碱草（Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号）为试验材料,以驯化品种巴青垂穗披碱草（E. nutans G. cv. Baqing）为对照材料,使用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）溶液和盆栽后自然干旱法分别模拟垂穗披碱草在萌发期和幼苗期的干旱胁迫环境,并测定相关生理指标。结果表明,PEG-6000抑制了Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号种子萌发,低浓度（-0.10MPa）的PEG-6000处理有利于巴青垂穗披碱草种子萌发;PEG-6000抑制了垂穗披碱草根和芽的生长,其中对于芽的抑制作用尤为明显。干旱胁迫下,幼苗叶片相对电导率值和丙二醛含量不断上升,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性呈先升后降的趋势。经隶属函数分析,供试的3份垂穗披碱草在种子萌发期和幼苗期生理耐旱性较强,均属于Ⅱ级（较抗）,其耐旱性为巴青垂穗披碱草>垂穗披碱草Ⅰ号>垂穗披碱草Ⅱ号。 相似文献
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There are many wild species of pigeonpea which are endemic to Australia. These wild species are cross incompatible with cultivated
species of Indian origin. Cajanus acutifolius is one such species which does not easily cross with cultivated pigeonpea. Interspecific pollinations lead to hybrid seeds
which were semi-shrivelled. Very few seeds germinated to give rise to F1 plants. Backcrossing the hybrid plants to C. cajan,
the male parent, gave rise to aborting seeds which did not germinate in vivo hence BC1 plants are obtained after saving the
aborting embryos in vitro. BC1 plants showed normal meiotic pairing, but had low pollen fertility. The reasons for embryo abortion and low pollen fertility
in spite of normal meiosis could be due to the effect of wild species cytoplasm.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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In a previous study, we developed male sterile lines of Japanese bunching onion (Allium fistulosum L.) possessing the cytoplasm of a wild species, A. galanthum Kar. et Kir., by backcrossing. To evaluate seed productivity of the male sterile lines in practise, they were crossed with the male fertile line, cultivar 'Kujyo', using honeybees as pollinators under field conditions. The number of florets and seeds per inflorescence, seed set and seed germination of the material were investigated. Although variation was observed among the male sterile lines, there were several lines having seed productivity equal to cultivar 'Kujyo'. Our data demonstrate that the male sterile lines of A. fistulosum possessing the cytoplasm of A. galanthum are useful as seed parents for the commercial F seed production of A. fistulosum. 相似文献
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不同盐胁迫下罗布麻种子耐盐性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗布麻作为一种重要的耐盐性植物,在盐碱地土壤生态修复和植物引种改良等方面具有极高的应用潜力,本研究旨在对罗布麻种子萌发阶段的耐盐性进行比较,分析不同浓度盐胁迫下罗布麻种子萌发的差异。试验以罗布麻种子为材料,设置不同浓度梯度的NaCl、Na2SO4、NaHCO3在种子萌发阶段进行盐胁迫。结果表明：随着盐分浓度的升高,罗布麻种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数均有所下降,低浓度盐胁迫对罗布麻种子萌发的抑制相对不显著,但高浓度盐胁迫抑制效果显著。随着盐浓度的上升,起始萌发时间会出现滞后现象,且NaCl对罗布麻种子起始萌发时间的滞后最明显,NaHCO3次之,Na2SO4相较最不明显。罗布麻种子萌发对NaCl较敏感,抑制作用最强。同时NaCl对种子的萌发延缓作用高于其他2种盐。耐盐性结果比较显示,3种盐的耐盐适宜浓度、耐盐半致死浓度、耐盐极限浓度为Na2SO4高于NaHCO3和NaCl,罗布麻对Na2SO4的耐盐极限浓度可达7.81%。相较于Na+~Cl-型盐碱土引种栽植,罗布麻更适宜Na+~SO42-型盐碱土。 相似文献
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为了解激素种类及其浓度和基质对滇油杉(Keteleeria evelyniana)种子发芽的影响,丰富该树种种子发芽的相关资料。采用L9(34)正交设计,开展激素种类及其浓度与基质不同水平及其组合的实验。滇油杉种子发芽过程中,胚芽和子叶与种皮不分离而幼茎萌蘖新芽生长发育为地上器官,故其种子培育的苗木为萌蘖营养繁殖苗。在室内,滇油杉种子播种后18天开始发芽,延续19天后发芽结束,属易发芽种子类。处理组合的发芽率、发芽势、平均发芽时间和发芽指数分别为18.7%~56.0%、8.3%~27.0%、3.3~6.7天和7.0~18.1粒/天,对照（清水浸种播于壤土）则是13.3%、11.0%、9.0天和2.7粒/天,除发芽势外,实验处理发芽指标极显著高于对照(P<0.01)。基质是影响种子发芽的主导因子,壤土有益于种子发芽;IBA和IAA溶液浸种的种子发芽率极显著高于GA3(P<0.01)。0.45 g/L IBA或0.30 g/L IAA浸种播于壤土可提高种子发芽率和发芽势,缩短发芽时间。 相似文献