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1.
Suppression of Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis by Mass Trapping Using Synthetic Sex Pheromone in Paddy Field 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
SUJian-wei XUANWei-jian SHENGCheng-fa GEFeng 《水稻科学》2003,11(1):52-56
Suppressing effects of mass trapping using synthetic sex pheromone with main active ingredients of Z-11-hexadece-nal, Z-13-octadecenal and Z-9-hexadecenal on the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis were investigated during the flight periods of the overwintering and 1^st generation in the paddy area of 60 ha in 1999. Population density of C. suppressalis in the pheromone-treated fields was lower than that in control. The egg masses decreased by 74. 39% and population size of adult males of the 1^st generation decreased by 61.64% in the treated fields as compared to control. Meanwhile, the damage by C.suppressalis larvae was significantly lower in the treated fields than control (t-test, P=0.05). Percentages of brownish leaf sheath, dead heart, and white head in the treated fields were decreased by 70.90%, 57.01% and 44.30%, respectively in contrast to control. The present study demonstrated that mass trapping to C. suppressalis using synthetic sex pheromone shows great potential as an alternative measure in an environment-friendly pest management and at the same challenging the insecticide use that has some environment impacts. 相似文献
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水稻二化螟性信息素技术:大量诱捕二化螟的防治效果研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
应用二化螟性信息素(3种主要组分为Z11-16-Ald,Z13-18-Ald和Z9-16-Ald,剂量为300 μg)对60 hm[sup]2[/sup]早稻田的越冬代和第一代二化螟成虫进行了大面积诱捕,田间采用绿色水盆诱捕器,布设密度为25个/hm[sup]2[/sup]。对照区为24 hm[sup]2[/sup]种植者使用化学农药代替性信息素防治的水稻田,结果表明诱捕区的卵块数比对照区有明显下降,下降率为74.39%;第一代二化螟成虫的发生量较对照区有明显下降,下降率为61.41%;诱捕区田间稻丛的百株枯鞘率、枯心率和白穗率比对照区有明显下降,下降率分别为70.90%、57.01%和44.30%;诱捕区未使用农药,但防治效果好于对照区(平均施药1.24次)。 相似文献
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《Crop Protection》2007,26(6):837-844
Field studies were carried out from 2002 to 2004 in an olive grove near Cairo, Egypt, to evaluate the efficacy of the mating disruption to control the olive pest Palpita unionalis, during the 1st (May–June) or the 1st and the 2nd (September–November) distinct flight periods. The binary blend of the two pheromone components, E-11-hexadecenyl acetate and E-11-hexadecenal, at the ratio of 70:30 in hexane was dispensed from polyethylene (PE) vials or absorbed into montmorillonite and dispensed from PE bags at a dose of 80 g active ingredients per hectare. Efficacy was measured considering suppression of pheromone trap catches, reduction of the moth population and fruit damage during harvest in the pheromone treated compared to the control (CO) plots. Male captures in treated plots were reduced by 91.3% (2002), 91.8% (2003) and 80.6% (2004) during trapping periods of 8, 21 and 20 weeks, respectively. The number of eggs recorded and fruit damage were lower in the pheromone treated than in CO plot. The fruit infestation accounted to 13.6±2.7% vs. 37.8±3.9% in 2003, a low fruiting year and 9.7±0.75 vs. 34.8±2.8% in 2004, a high fruiting year in treated and CO plots, respectively. Capillary GC analysis indicated that the release rate of E-11-hexadecenyl acetate was effective for the testing period; whereas the release and degradation of E-11-hexadecenyl were high, the inclusion of a photostabilizer into the pheromone-clay complex during 2004 improved substantially the release rate and photooxidation of the aldehyde. 相似文献
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Two internal feeders of rice plant, rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis (Walker) and yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) are major hurdles in achieving higher yields in Central China. Synthetic sex pheromone was an effective method to control the two borers. A new series of sex pheromone blends were formulated and tested. 相似文献
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茶蚕（Andraca bipunctata Walker）是我国一种重要的茶树食叶害虫,严重时其幼虫可将整株茶树的叶片取食殆尽,造成极大危害。本研究对我国茶蚕大陆种群性信息素进行了鉴定,利用正己烷浸提法对求偶高峰期的茶蚕雌虫性信息素进行了提取,利用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪（GC-EAD）筛选性信息素提取物中的活性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对活性成分进行分析,采用触角电位技术（EAG）测试了性信息素成分的电生理活性,并通过田间诱捕试验筛选出性信息素最佳剂量,最后利用性信息素对海南五指山地区的茶蚕种群进行了监测。GC-EAD结果显示,茶蚕性信息素提取物中只有1种成分可引起雄虫的触角电位反应。GC-MS分析结果初步确定该活性成分为顺11,顺14-十八碳醛（E11,E14-18Ald）。EAG测试和田间引诱试验验证了性信息素鉴定结果,田间诱捕数据显示不同剂量的性信息素在田间的引诱效果不同,当剂量为0.9 mg时,田间引诱效果最佳。虫口监测结果表明,茶蚕性信息素是一种理想的虫口监测方法,利用该方法明确海南五指山地区5—10月共有两代茶蚕,成虫高峰期为6月17日和8月27日。本研究结果为我国茶叶主产区利用性信息素进行诱杀防治或虫口监测提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Ousmane Youm Yacouba MalikiDavid R. Hall Dudley I. FarmanJohn E. Foster 《Crop Protection》2012,31(1):50-57
The millet stem borer, Coniesta ignefusalis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a major pest of pearl millet in the Sahelian region of Africa. The female sex pheromone has been identified and synthesised, and previous research had shown that the synthetic pheromone could cause high levels of reproductive communication disruption in small plots when released at rates of 640 mg/ha/day, using PVC resin formulation renewed every seven days to maintain efficiency. In the present research, in experiments in farmers’ fields in Niger, 86.8% (SE = 2.6%) communication disruption was achieved when polyethylene vials loaded with 0.5 mg pheromone at 400 dispensers/ha were used and replaced every 21 days. Polyethylene vials loaded with 80 mg pheromone gave uniform, zero-order release at approximately 0.05 mg/day at 27 °C. Experiments carried out on replicated 0.5 ha plots in farmers’ fields in Niger using a single application of these dispensers at 400 dispensers/ha resulted in at least 99% suppression of pheromone trap catches of male C. ignefusalis moths in treated plots relative to numbers in untreated plots for up to 3 months. However, sampling the central portions of these plots before and after harvest showed no significant differences in infestation, damage or yield loss between plots treated with pheromone and untreated plots. This may have been because of small plot size and the immigration of mated female moths into the treated plots which negated any reduction of mating of females within the treated plots. Comparisons of numbers of male C. ignefusalis moths in traps baited with the standard 0.5 mg monitoring lures and those baited with the 80 mg disruption dispensers showed catches in the latter were only 10-20% of those in the former; indicating high level communication disruptions in traps with high dose dispensers. Implications of using insect synthetic pheromones in the development of integrated management of C. ignefusalis in pearl millet cropping systems in the Sahel are discussed. 相似文献
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灰茶尺蛾是我国茶园中重要的食叶害虫。本研究对求偶高峰期的灰茶尺蛾雌虫,采用正己烷浸提腹部末端方法提取性信息素,利用气相色谱-触角电位联用仪(GC-EAD)筛选性信息素提取物中的活性成分,运用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对活性成分进行鉴定,最后将人工合成的性信息素进行田间诱捕试验。GC-EAD结果显示,灰茶尺蛾性信息素提取物中有两种成分可引起雄虫触角的电位反应。GC-MS分析结果确定两种活性成分分别为顺3,顺6,顺9-十八碳三烯(Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H)和顺3,顺9-6,7-环氧十八碳二烯(Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H)。田间引诱试验表明,不同比例性信息素在田间显示不同的引诱效果,当Z3,Z6,Z9-18:H和Z3,epo6,Z9-18:H以4∶6的比例配比,总剂量为1 mg时,田间引诱效果最佳。该研究结果为灰茶尺蛾性信息素的应用研究提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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Sex pheromone trap catches, galling damage, yield and growth were recorded over up to three successive seasons (2010–2012) in large replicated plots treated versus untreated with synthetic pyrethroid (SP) insecticides for blackcurrant leaf midge Dasineura tetensi control in eight established commercial blackcurrant plantations in southern England. The aim was to determine whether or not the current practice of spraying insecticides against the pest in commercial fruiting plantations is justified. In two separate small plot replicated experiments (in 2010 and 2011, respectively) in plantations which had been cut down in the previous winter, galling damage and shoot growth were recorded in the vigorous regrowth in plots treated versus untreated with SP insecticides against 1st, 2nd or both D. tetensi generations. Cutting down bushes to ground level in this way is a common way of regenerating plantations.In the experiments in the established fruiting plantations, applying sprays of insecticides led to substantial reductions in numbers of adult D. tetensi caught in sex pheromone traps (by 72% on average) and reductions in galling damage (by 75% on average) but did not result in increases in yield or statistically significant increases in shoot growth. Multiple possible mechanisms of yield compensation are discussed. In the experiments in the cut-down bushes where the galling was intense, the D. tetensi damage resulted in severe (59%) stunting and multiple branching of the regrowth which was weak and thin. Sprays against the 2nd generation only partially reduced stunting (to 24%).The results of this work call into question the current commercial practice of controlling this pest in established commercial plantations with sprays of insecticides: as significant increases in yield or growth did not result in these experiments, the effects of the sprays was largely cosmetic. Further, broad spectrum synthetic pyrethroid insecticides are likely to have persistent adverse effects on the natural enemies of D. tetensi. However, the work showed that control in re-growing cut-down plantations, and by analogy in young establishing plantations, is vital, as well as the value of the D. tetensi sex pheromone traps for timing sprays of insecticides. 相似文献
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【Objective】We aim to illuminate the structural changes in the midgut microbial community of Chilo suppressalis exposed to chlorobenzamide.【Method】Macrogenomic sequencing and in vitro culture were used to analyze the diversity of midgut microbiota of Chilo suppressalis treated with different concentrations (100, 200, 400 µg/mL) of chlorobenzamide .【Result】The results showed that chlorobenzamide treatment decreased the abundance and diversity of the midgut bacteria of Chilo suppressalis,and the OTU number and specific OTU number of the intestinal bacteria of treated population were lower than those of the control; the proportion of Morganella, Provincia and Proteus in the chlorobenzamide treated population increased significantly. Meanwhile, the result of in vitro culture indicated besides enterobacter, Lelliotti nimipressuralis, Leclercia decarboxylata, Pantoea agglomerans were isolated from chlorobenzamide treated Chilo suppressalis population. COG classification and KEGG analysis didn’t show significant difference in number and relative abundance of functional genes among control and three chlorobenzamide treated populations.【Conclusion】The study had clarified the diversity of intestinal bacteria and the relationship between gut bacteria of Chilo suppressalis and the formation of chlorobenzamide resistance, and will lay a scientific basis for the role of intestinal bacteria in resistance of Chilo suppressalis to chlorobenzamide. 相似文献
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Selecting appropriate strategies for pest control has become an issue of major concern, but research on decision making regarding this issue is limited. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach for selecting strategies for the management of rice stem borer [Chilo suppressalis (Walker)] in paddy fields of Sari county of Mazandaran province in Iran was developed. Agricultural faculty members, experts of a local plant protection unit, local extension agents, and elite farmers in the study area participated in the project to determine the suitability of four common pest control methods (i.e., chemical control, cultural control, biological control, pheromone trapping) for rice stem borer management, based on 10 main criteria and 32 sub-criteria identified through pertinent literature and focus group discussions. All the examined alternatives of pest control were preferred to some extent for rice stem borer management. Control effectiveness, relative advantages, social usefulness, and technical support were the most important criteria for assessing strategies for rice stem borer management, followed by observability, ease of use, trialability, farmer's self-efficacy, compatibility, and farm characteristics. Overall, chemical control ranked first, being superior to the other three methods with respect to six main criteria of the model (relative advantages, trialability, observability, farmer's self-efficacy, farm characteristics, and control effectiveness). Biological control ranked second at the overall level, being superior to cultural control and pheromone trapping in the three remaining main criteria (i.e., technical support, compatibility, and social usefulness). Pheromone trapping ranked first only with respect to ease of use criteria. The proposed model constitutes a flexible tool for decision making in pest control with high applicability among policy makers in the government and local agricultural office and extension agents; it could greatly assist extension programs to effectively select strategies for rice stem borer management or similar pest problems in various agricultural sites. 相似文献
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印楝素对水稻二化螟的生物活性及控制作用 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
系统地研究了印楝素对水稻二化螟的生物活性及作用方式。试验结果表明，印楝素乳油对二化螟有胃毒、拒食、忌避、内吸等多种作用方式。0.75和0.50 mg/L印楝素乳油处理茭白饲喂3龄幼虫，幼虫分别于3、6 d内全部死亡；0.375、0.300和0.250 mg/L印楝素乳油低剂量处理茭白饲喂3龄幼虫，幼虫拒食率分别达94.38%、88.74%、80.07%；成虫产卵量分别下降80.70%、62.05%、40.86%。6、3和2 mg/L印楝素乳油处理初孵蚁螟，24 h内死亡率达100%。印楝素乳油对成虫产卵有显著的忌避作用。稻田喷施0.3%印楝素乳油62.5和125 mL/667 m2防治二化螟，21 d保苗效果分别为88.14%和94.13%，防治效果分别为85.36%和90.76%。表明印楝素对二化螟有较高的生物活性和理想的控制效果。 相似文献
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昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。 相似文献
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氟虫腈亚致死剂量处理对二化螟和大螟幼虫体内解毒酶系活力的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
氟虫腈对二化螟Chilo suppressalis (Walker)和大螟Sesamia inferens (Walker)幼虫的LD50值各为0.1749 μg/g和10.1352 μg/g。经氟虫腈亚致死剂量（LD15）处理后,二化螟和大螟幼虫羧酸酯酶（CaE）和谷胱甘肽S 转移酶（GST）的比活力和最大反应速率（vmax）均显著增强,而多功能氧化酶（MFO）则显著降低。二化螟CaE和MFO的米氏常数（Km）经氟虫腈处理后均显著增高,而GST的无显著变化;大螟CaE、GST和MFO的Km均极显著降低。这表明氟虫腈在二化螟和大螟幼虫体内的代谢途径可能存在较大差异,而2种螟虫体内解毒酶对底物亲和力的不同可能导致两者对氟虫腈敏感性的差异。 相似文献
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Pheromone traps of different designs, suitable for monitoring stored-product phycitids were: (1) a commercially made fly strip; (2) a bottle trap with insecticide or water for killing captured insects and (3) a cylinder trap with half-closed entrances. The optimum dose of (Z)-9, (E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate was 1·0 mg via a rubber dispenser. Release and recapture experiments performed in empty rooms demonstrated that a fly-strip pheromone trap can consistently capture well over 50% of released males of Ephestia kuehniella, and that synthetic pheromone is a significantly more efficient bait than six live virgin females. A 2-year mass trapping trial performed in a chocolate factory demonstrated the applicability of the pheromone method for maintenance of an acceptably low population density of E. cautella suppressed initially by insecticides. 相似文献
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Pheromones represent one of the major components of ecologically based orchard pest management. This paper reviews recent progress and highlights outstanding issues. The greatest use of pheromones has been as lures for moth to traps, although identification of attractants for other insect groups is permitting diversification. Sex pheromone traps have been widely used for decision support, usually with thresholds for intervention using either broad-spectrum, or more recently, selective insecticides. Many of the issues associated with this type of application have been resolved, but new trapping systems need to ensure that lure longevity, trap efficiency, and other factors (e.g. interpretation, thresholds) are addressed. The use of kairomones (inter-specific cues) as lures in traps raises analogous issues. Attractants for beneficials (such as sex pheromones of wasp parasitoids) can offer additional benefits, including demonstrating the level of abundance or synchrony of the biological control agent with the target pest. Pheromones have also enjoyed considerable success for direct control of orchard pests, mainly through mating disruption. The technical and biological issues have been more challenging in direct control applications. There remain major knowledge gaps in the amount of pheromone required to achieve disruption, as well as the plume structure and behavioural mechanisms that operate with different types of formulations, blends and delivery systems. There has been a recent upsurge of interest in lure and kill tactic internationally. The challenges associated with direct control by mass trapping, lure and kill or lure and infect tactics need further research. 相似文献
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SHEN Jun-hui LIU Guang-jie 《水稻科学》2004,11(2)
The method for collecting eggs of the striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis using plastic bags was studied in comparison with using caged rice plants. There was no significant difference in fecundity of C. suppressalis at 279 eggs/moth and in percentage of hatched eggs at 95% between in plastic bags and on rice plants. More egg masses were collected on plastic bags than on rice plants, whereas more smaller egg masses (less than 100 eggs per mass) in plastic bags than on rice plants. The advantages in collecting eggs of C. suppressalis and other insects by using plastic bags were also discussed. 相似文献