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李始叶螨Eotetranychus pruni(Oudemans),山楂叶螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher和苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi(Koch)是果树上的重要害螨,可为害多种果树,常在果园内混合发生。据调查,李始叶螨近年已发展为甘肃兰州和河西地区苹果园内的优势种群。张乃鑫等(1990)认为与苹果园的施药次数有关。为了从种群内在机制上了解果树叶螨种群数量分布和演替形成的原因,作者对李始叶螨、山楂叶螨和苹果全爪螨实验种群增长的各种参数进行了测定和分析。一、材料与方法 (一)供试材料 1989年5月从果园内采集三种叶螨的成螨分开饲养,以雌成螨产 相似文献
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为明确加州新小绥螨Neoseiulus californicus对苹果全爪螨Panonychus ulmi的控制潜力,在实验室条件下测定加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态的捕食功能反应、捕食选择性及加州新小绥螨自身密度对其捕食的干扰效应。结果表明:在25℃时,加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态的功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型圆盘方程;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵的捕食能力最强,为40.3,对幼螨、第1若螨、第2若螨和雌成螨次之,捕食能力分别为36.9、17.3、15.2、3.6;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵、幼螨、第1若螨、第2若螨和雌成螨的日最大捕食量分别为34.5粒、26.3、13.5、12.2和3.0头;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨卵、幼螨和第1若螨有较强的嗜食性,选择系数分别为1.4、1.5、1.1,对第2若螨和雌成螨没有嗜食性,选择系数分别为0.9和0;加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨的总捕食量随自身密度增大而增大,但单头捕食量和捕食作用率随着自身密度增大而下降,其捕食作用率E与自身密度P的关系模型为E=0.050P-0.544。表明加州新小绥螨对苹果全爪螨各螨态尤其是卵、幼螨和第1若螨均有较强的控制潜力。 相似文献
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东方钝绥螨对苹果园两种叶螨自然控制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文报道了东方钝绥螨 Amblyseius orientalis 对苹果园里的苹果全爪螨 Panonychusulmi 和山楂叶螨 Tetranychus viennensis 的自然控制效果。在全年不喷杀螨杀虫剂的情况下,按照与苹果全爪螨成若螨1:57—73比例释放东方钝绥螨获全年叶片受害程度为5.5±3.1%,每叶有苹果全爪螨成螨0.3±0.2头、山楂叶螨0.1±0.2头和东方钝绥螨0.3±0.2头,相对防治效果为93.4%。还报导了东方钝绥螨和苹果全爪螨田间种群数量自然消长动态。 相似文献
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温度对以二斑叶螨为食的尼氏真绥螨生长发育的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在19、22、25、28、31℃和RH为80%的组合下,以二斑叶螨为食料,测定尼氏真绥螨[Euseius nicholsi(Eha-ra et Lee)]各螨态的发育历期,分析发育速率与温度的关系。结果表明,全世代的发育历期在19℃条件下最长(8.96 d),在31℃条件下最短(3.99 d);在19～28℃范围内,各螨态的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,而在28～31℃范围内,除卵期外,其他螨态的发育历期随着温度的升高而略有延长,但差异并不显著。全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温分别为8.59℃和83.33日.度。分别采用线性日度模型和Logistic模型拟合温度与发育速率的关系,其中Logistic模型能更好地反映出尼氏真绥螨在高温下发育受到抑制的现象。 相似文献
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苹果全爪螨是重要的蔷薇科果树害虫之一, 具有体型小、繁殖快、世代周期短等生物学特点。该螨以若螨和成螨取食苹果叶片和嫩芽, 影响果树生长发育, 造成果实品质和产量下降, 自20世纪60年代开始其在我国果园的发生逐年加重。国内外对苹果全爪螨的防治主要采用化学杀螨剂, 由于化学杀螨剂长期不规范的使用, 致使该螨对多种类型的化学杀螨剂产生了抗药性。本文总结了苹果全爪螨的发生、为害、抗药性现状及其抗性机理, 同时结合国内外苹果全爪螨抗药性和防治相关研究, 提出该螨抗药性治理策略, 以期为其防治提供参考。 相似文献
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本文研究了5个不同恒温条件下伪钝绥螨取食二斑叶螨时的发育和繁殖情况,并对该实验种群的生命参数进行了分析。结果表明,在19~31℃范围内,伪钝绥螨各螨态和整个未成熟期的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率随温度的升高而加快;运用直线回归法计算出了伪钝绥螨各螨态的发育起点温度及有效积温。伪钝绥螨产卵期在22℃时最长,在31℃时最短;日均卵量随温度的升高而增大。伪钝绥螨净增殖率Ro在28℃时最高(60.256),在19℃时最低(4.174);内禀增长率rm和周限增长率λ皆是在31℃时最高,在19℃时最低;31℃时种群加倍时间t最短(2.79 d),19℃时最长(15.868 d)。 相似文献
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M. Sobala 《EPPO Bulletin》2000,30(1):99-102
Panonychus ulmi is a serious pest of apple orchards, especially in hot dry years. To improve quantitative insight into its population dynamics, and as a tool for forecasting optimal dates for visual assessment of abundance and of integrated pest management strategies, an age‐ and stage‐structured temperature‐dependent predator–prey model for P. ulmi and two of its natural enemies, Typhlodromus pyri and Amblyseius potentillae, has been developed. 相似文献
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温度对四川省甘孜州西藏飞蝗分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
温度是西藏飞蝗分布的主要限制性因子,作者通过试验测定了四川省甘孜州西藏飞蝗各种虫态的过冷却点、发育起点温度及有效积温。该虫初产卵的过冷却点为-24.4℃,孵化前为-20.7℃,是耐寒性最强的虫态,1～5龄蝻、雌、雄成虫过冷却点分别为-9.28、-8.51、-7.18、-6.64、-8.07、-7.86、-7.96℃。卵、1～5龄蝻、全世代的发育起点温度分别为14.17、15.84、16.64、16.80、16.35、15.00、14.61℃,有效积温分别为179.14、67.53、61.07、62.09、71.16、91.20、787.78日度,卵到蝗蝻的有效积温为540.2日度。统计气象资料表明,夏季高温不是西藏飞蝗限制因素,甘孜州石渠、色达、理塘的冬季低温影响西藏飞蝗的安全越冬,在甘孜州其他县可以越冬,并可发生1代。作者在乡城县观测圃饲养西藏飞蝗能成功越冬,年发生1代,其发育进度与有效积温分析一致。 相似文献
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花生新珠蚧发育起点温度和有效积温研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验测定了不同发育阶段花生新珠蚧的发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明：在16～32 ℃时,该虫的发育历期随温度的升高而缩短,发育速率与温度呈直线关系。并得到了花生新珠蚧各虫态及全世代的发育起点温度和有效积温。根据有效积温法则推算,该虫在濮阳地区1年发生1代,与田间调查结果和发生规律相符。 相似文献
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Nabi Alper Kumral Hilal Susurluk Nimet Sema Gençer Mehmet Oktay Gürkan 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(1):7-15
The levels of susceptibility of populations of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) collected from apple orchards in the Bursa region of Turkey to the insecticides chlorpyrifos
and lambda-cyhalothrin, were determined by a petri leaf disk—Potter spray tower method. When compared with the susceptible
population, resistance ratios at the LC50 level ranged from 6.0- to 35.6-fold, and from 0.7- to 5.7-fold for chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin, respectively. Kinetic
parameters of general esterase activity with α-naphthyl acetate as substrate indicated that an increased activity was present
in the resistant populations compared with the susceptible populations. In these strains, 1.5- and 2.2-fold higher Glutathione
S-transferase (GST) activity was also detected with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. General esterase activity gel
profiles of these populations were studied by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but no relationship between resistance
ratios and band patterns was detected. The results of this study document a decreased efficacy of chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin
in field populations of P. ulmi in Turkey, possibly linked to altered activities of esterases and GST. 相似文献
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Nimet Sema Gencer Nabi Alper Kumral H. Ozkan Sivritepe Melis Seidi Hilal Susurluk Bulent Senturk 《Phytoparasitica》2009,37(3):217-224
The spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch and Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Tetranychidae) cause severe economic losses to vegetable farms and deciduous fruit orchards in Turkey. One of their
predators, the ladybird beetle Stethorus gilvifrons (Muls.) (Col., Coccinellidae), aggregates on mite-infested patches of plants. The present study assessed whether there is
a role for herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and/or odors emitted directly from these two mite species in the aggregative
response of ladybird beetles. The olfactory responses of the predator females to volatiles from T. urticae- and/or P. ulmi-infested sweet pepper (four cultivars, viz. ‘Demre’, ‘Yalova Carliston’, ‘Kandil Dolma’ and ‘Yag Biberi’), kidney bean (cv.
‘Barbunya’) and apple (M9 rootstock) were investigated using a two-choice olfactometer. Our results showed that HIPVs emitted
from both T. urticae- and P. ulmi-infested plants significantly attracted S. gilvifrons adults for all plants except the sweet pepper cv. Yag Biberi. In addition, it was found that volatiles from apple plants
infested by T. urticae and, especially, P. ulmi are more attractive for S. gilvifrons females than those emitted by other infested plants. The results also suggest that the odors of T. urticae adults and their products might influence the attraction of S. gilvifrons females. 相似文献
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The species composition and seasonal cycle ofTetranychus urticae Koch (two-spotted spider mite) andEotetranychus uncatus Garman (garman spider mite; the two species were evaluated together),Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) (hawthom red spider nite),Panonychus ulni (Koch) (European red mite),Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (brown mite) (Acari Tetranychidae),Cenopalpus pulcher Can and Fanz. (flat scarlet mite) (Tenuipalpidae) and their natural enemies (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae family members)
were compared in two apple orchards during the years 2000 to 2002 in Tokat, Turkey. One orchard was pesticide-free, and the
other was sprayed. Surveys were carried out once a week from April to November and the differences in the dominant species
of spider mites and phytoseiid mites between the two orchards were recorded. In the sprayed orchard, the dominant phytophagous
mites wereA. vienensis andP. ulmi whereas in the unsprayed orchardE uncatus andC pulcher were abundant. It was found that the predatory mites were able to control spider mites in the unsprayed orchard, but the
population level was not adequate to control them in the sprayed orchard, presumably due to the excessive use of pesticides. 相似文献
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为明确桃小食心虫Carposina sasakii Matsumura成虫的种群动态变化,2002—2014年在陕西省礼泉县当地具有代表性的苹果园中,采用性诱剂诱捕器对桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态进行系统监测,并于2010年和2011年的7—8月桃小食心虫成虫盛发期,系统调查了成虫发生量与苹果着卵量的关系,建立基于性诱剂监测的桃小食心虫成虫防治指标。结果显示,苹果园桃小食心虫成虫的种群动态、始见期和终见期在年度之间差异很大,每年主要集中在6—8月发生;桃小食心虫成虫每年出现多次无规律的高峰,但第1代成虫高峰期发生的早晚与越冬代成虫高峰期出现的早晚有密切联系,即越冬代成虫高峰期出现早,则第1代成虫高峰期出现也就相对较早,且越冬代成虫发生量明显多于第1代成虫。性诱剂诱捕的成虫与卵果率之间呈极显著的对数关系,当以卵果率1%或2%为防治指标时,性诱剂诱捕器诱蛾量为8.3头/诱捕器·日或30.0头/诱捕器·日。 相似文献
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Ophmella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a biological control agent of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (Asterales: Asteraceae). To reveal its climate adaptation, the effect of temperature on life traits of Aenasius arizonensis, a parasitoid of Phenacoccus solenopsis was studied. The results showed that both the highest parasitism and emergence rates of A. arizonensis were observed at 31 °C. The parasitism and emergence rates of the parasitoid significantly increased with the increasing temperature from 19 °C to 31 °C, but dropped when the temperature exceeded 31 °C. Female ratio reached a higher value at 19, 22, 31, 34 or 37 °C. The minimum threshold temperatures for female and male parasitoids were 11.5 and 11.2 °C, respectively. The effective accumulative temperatures for the parasitoid to develop from eggs to both female and male adults were 222.2 day-degrees. Since the highest parasitism rate, the highest emergence rate and a higher female ratio were observed at 31 °C, we conclude that the optimum temperature for mass rearing of A. arizonensis is 31 °C in the insectary based on the results of our study. 相似文献
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绿翅绢野螟发育起点温度和有效积温的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文采用18、21、25、29和32℃5个温度对绿翅绢野螟[Diaphania angustalis(Snellen)]各虫态发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温进行研究。结果表明,绿翅绢野螟在18~32℃范围内均能正常生长发育,各虫态的发育历期随温度升高而缩短;卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、产卵前期和整个世代的发育起点温度分别为7.47、13.07、12.46、7.60℃和10.98℃,有效积温分别为76.45、280.57、158.32、105.62和666.58日·度;根据有效积温法则预测该虫在南宁市1年的理论发生代数为6.25代,与实际发生情况基本相符,可在其预测预报中应用。 相似文献