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北京市蔬菜病虫害全程绿色防控技术体系及推广应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为推进农药减量增效、病虫害可持续治理,保障首都农产品质量安全、农业生产安全和农业生态环境安全,总结了北京市蔬菜生产上常用的20多种核心绿色防控技术,包括全园清洁、无病虫害育苗、产前棚室和土壤消毒、产中综合防控和产后蔬菜残体无害化处理等,以不同的生产方式和生产环节进行集成,覆盖产前、产中、产后,形成全程绿色防控技术体系,并建立绿色防控示范基地,对绿色防控技术及时进行集成、示范、推广。目前,示范面积2 200 hm~2,在绿控基地内,可实现农产品农残检测合格率100%,绿色防控技术使用率100%,专业化统防统治比例在80%以上,平均施药次数减少5～13次,减少化学农药用量27%～42%,病虫防治效果提高20%以上,667 m~2节本增收10%以上。 相似文献
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该文介绍了江苏省无锡市惠山区蔬菜病虫害绿色防控示范区的主要运行模式和主要技术体系,总结了示范区主要取得的工作成效和存在的问题,并为蔬菜绿色防控示范区更好地发展运行和绿色防控技术体系更高效合理地推广应用提出了建议。 相似文献
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总结近5年东安县柑橘小实蝇绿色防控示范推广的组织措施,提出有效的综合防控技术措施,并通过对防控效果的全面比较分析,在减少发生面积、减轻危害程度、降低农药使用量、促进柑橘小实蝇绿色防控技术全面普及等方面都取得显著成效,积累了经验教训,有效保障了全县乃至全省柑橘生产安全。 相似文献
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北京市西瓜甜瓜病虫害绿色防控技术集成 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国瓜菜》2019,(12):88-90
北京市西甜瓜创新团队以"质优、境佳、标清、效高"为目标,针对北京地区西瓜甜瓜种植过程中的主要病虫害种类及发生规律,开展了西瓜甜瓜白粉病、土传病害、蓟马、蚜虫和红蜘蛛4项高效绿色防控(减药)技术研究工作,开展了西瓜甜瓜种子包衣处理技术和全程立体绿色防控技术2项集成示范工作,在植保栽培技术的研究与示范推广方面成绩显著。 相似文献
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蔬菜虫害绿色防控技术试验与示范推广 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
绿色防控就是利用杀虫灯、色板、性诱剂等来诱杀害虫,操作简单、省时、经济,效果立竿见影,绿色无毒无污染,可以减少化学农药的施用次数及施用量,能达到无公害生产。通海县经作站结合农技推广项目,在试验成功的基础上,在通海县大树村进行绿色防控技术示范推广,每茬蔬菜可减少使用化学农药2～3次,平均667113。用药成本降低77．07元。 相似文献
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Indigenous and other native plants are commonly restricted to informal or naturalistic designed landscapes. This research project investigates the use of native plants as a formal landscape element – the hedge. A multidisciplinary approach was used with distinct horticultural and social science components. The first study explored the response of 14 native and one exotic species to hedging every 4 months. Digital imaging techniques were used to measure changes in growth, density and canopy distribution. All species responded well to hedging, greatly increasing in density. Significant differences in growth rates and shoot regrowth patterns were recorded between the species. Some hedges grown from genetically diverse plant material had noticeable morphological variations and would be more suited to use as informal hedges, however growth rates were found to be a much better predictor of hedging performance than genetic uniformity. A second study explored gardeners’ (n=162) preference for these native hedges. Photomontages were created of the hedges grown in the horticultural experiment and a photo-questionnaire distributed to several groups of gardeners. The preference results showed that many gardeners did like some Australian plants used as hedges. Significant differences in preference were found between species. A principal components analysis found that factors positively affecting preference for hedges included neatness, foliage colour (green and grey), presence of flowers and the absence of visible woody stems. In general, genetically diverse hedges were slightly less preferred than genetically uniform hedges, but some genetically diverse hedges were highly preferred. Personal style preferences based on gardeners’ expressed gardening behaviour were also observed, with grey and softer hedges preferred by those participants with low-maintenance, drought tolerant or native gardens. 相似文献
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《Scientia Horticulturae》2005,106(4):464-471
This research was carried out to assess the effects of zeolite and perlite on growth and nutrient status of lettuce plants and the amount of waste elements. The trials were done in a PE covered tunnel during autumn and spring seasons. Plant material was Lactuca sativa var. capitata, and the cultivars Bombola and Brogan were used for autumn and spring seasons, respectively. Five different growing media based on perlite and clinoptilolite, a kind of zeolite, mixed at different ratios (1 + 0, 3 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 3, 0 + 1, v/v) were tested. It was concluded that the use of zeolite led to increased plant growth, higher N and K contents in plant tissues and to reduced K leaching. 相似文献
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Scroggie Michael P. Peterson Garry N. L. Rohr Detlef H. Nicholson Evelyn Heard Geoffrey W. 《Landscape Ecology》2019,34(8):1949-1965
Landscape Ecology - Conservation practitioners face complex decisions about the management of spatial and temporal disturbance regimes when disturbance plays a significant role in the dynamics of... 相似文献
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The role of linear habitat strips as dispersal corridors is a disputed topic. Reports concerning their significance for animals have been contradictory, and the functions of corridors have been difficult to study in the case of sedentary organisms such as plants. Previous studies on dispersal of plants along corridors have concentrated on a single or a few species at a time. We developed a general method, a generalisation of the binomial test, for considering dispersal or spatial relations of a large group of species. Particularly, we studied the ability of grassland plants to spread along road and railway verges. Our data set consists of plant lists collected at study plots scattered irregularly along road and railway networks. The dispersal ability was assessed by testing whether the species composition at neighbouring sites – measured along roads and railways – reflects spatial dependence within each species. Our result showed that similar combinations of grassland species occurred at neighbouring sites more often than expected in a spatially independent case. We argue that management of verges and spatial autocorrelation of environmental factors were not responsible for the result and thereby we conclude that grassland plants use road and railway corridors for dispersal. This result is encouraging in regards to preservation of grassland plant populations. Although semi-natural and natural grasslands have become scarce, road and railway embankments may partly compensate for this loss, serving as substitute habitats and dispersal routes. 相似文献
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Effects of potential barriers (roads and cultivated fields) on both demographic and genetic features of subpopulations of white-footed mice were studied near Ottawa, Canada. Live trapping, colored bait and track registry were used to study animal movements across roads on four 1.44 ha areas each within a small forest bisected by a narrow gravel road. The genetic study was done in 11 other forest fragments separated from each other by cultivated fields. Frequencies of three electrophoretic variants of salivary amylases were established for mice caught in each patch of wood and genetic similarity of subpopulations was calculated. Movements of mice across the roads were very infrequent (quantitative barrier), although movements adjacent to roads were frequent and long enough to cross the roads. Salivary amylase data showed that studied subpopulations were genetically very similar although the sample was intentionally biased toward demographic isolation. Results are discussed in terms of possible hierarchical relationships of metapopulations and genetic demes in the context of landscape ecology, management and conservation practice. 相似文献
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Context
Quantitative grouping of similar landscape patterns is an important part of landscape ecology due to the relationship between a pattern and an underlying ecological process. One of the priorities in landscape ecology is a development of the theoretically consistent framework for quantifying, ordering and classifying landscape patterns.
ObjectiveTo demonstrate that the information theory as applied to a bivariate random variable provides a consistent framework for quantifying, ordering, and classifying landscape patterns.
MethodsAfter presenting information theory in the context of landscapes, information-theoretical metrics were calculated for an exemplar set of landscapes embodying all feasible configurations of land cover patterns. Sequences and 2D parametrization of patterns in this set were performed to demonstrate the feasibility of information theory for the analysis of landscape patterns.
ResultsUniversal classification of landscape into pattern configuration types was achieved by transforming landscapes into a 2D space of weakly correlated information-theoretical metrics. An ordering of landscapes by any single metric cannot produce a sequence of continuously changing patterns. In real-life patterns, diversity induces complexity—increasingly diverse patterns are increasingly complex.
ConclusionsInformation theory provides a consistent, theory-based framework for the analysis of landscape patterns. Information-theoretical parametrization of landscapes offers a method for their classification.
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Gibberellic acid (GA3, 10000 mg 1?1) acted as an androecide for bell pepper, Capsicum annuum L., when sprayed at the onset of flowering and after an interval of 10 days. Parthenocarpic fruits were produced, but seeds could be obtained by hand-pollination. The technique can be used to produce hybrid seed and also to obtain high quality seedless fruits. 相似文献
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Light-emitting diodes as a radiation source for plants 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Bula RJ Morrow RC Tibbitts TW Barta DJ Ignatius RW Martin TS 《HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science》1991,26(2):203-205
Development of a more effective radiation source for use in plant-growing facilities would be of significant benefit for both research and commercial crop production applications. An array of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that produce red radiation, supplemented with a photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 30 micromoles s-1 m-2 in the 400- to 500-nm spectral range from blue fluorescent lamps, was used effectively as a radiation source for growing plants. Growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Grand Rapids') plants maintained under the LED irradiation system at a total PPF of 325 micromoles s-1 m-2 for 21 days was equivalent to that reported in the literature for plants grown for the same time under cool-white fluorescent and incandescent radiation sources. Characteristics of the plants, such as leaf shape, color, and texture, were not different from those found with plants grown under cool-white fluorescent lamps. Estimations of the electrical energy conversion efficiency of a LED system for plant irradiation suggest that it may be as much as twice that published for fluorescent systems. 相似文献
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Landscape ecology as a foundation for sustainable conservation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
John A. Wiens 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(8):1053-1065
Landscape ecology and conservation share a common focus on places, but they differ in their perspectives about what is important
about those places, and the integration of landscape ecology into conservation is far from complete. I consider four ways
in which landscape ecology can contribute to conservation. First, protected areas that are established for conservation are
not stand-alone isolates. They exist in the context of broader landscape mosaics, which may encourage or discourage movements
of individuals into and out of an area. Second, the landscape surroundings of a preserve may contain threats to the biodiversity
within the preserve, many of them consequences of human activities. In combination, these relationships with the surroundings
may make the “effective area” of a preserve different from that shown on a map. Third, the scale of an administrative area
or of management action may not coincide with the scales of populations, disturbances, or ecological processes, creating challenges
to both landscape ecology and conservation. Finally, landscapes encompass people and their activities; sustainability of conservation
requires consideration of the tradeoffs between human uses and the biodiversity values of a landscape. I illustrate these
four themes with a case study of the management of prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in the Great Plains of North America, where the tensions between conservation and human land uses are particularly high.
Ecologists and conservationists consider prairie dogs as keystone species in these grassland ecosystems and primary targets
for conservation, but many private landowners regard them as varmints that consume valuable livestock forage and degrade rangeland
condition. Effective conservation of functioning grasslands must include prairie dogs, and this in turn requires that the
issues be addressed in terms of the biological, social, and cultural features of entire landscapes. Important as they are,
areas protected for conservation cannot by themselves stem the tide of global biodiversity loss. The perspective must be broadened
to include the landscapes where people live and work, recognizing the dynamic nature of landscapes and the factors driving
land-use change. Landscape ecologists must work together to overcome the cultural differences between their disciplines, and
between academic science and conservation practice and management. It can, and must, be done. 相似文献