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1.
ABSTRACT:   An experiment in which water was circulated between shrimp aquaculture ponds stocked with 10 000 or 20 000 PL-15 stage Penaeus monodon , and mangrove enclosures each planted with 476 Rhizophora mucronata per enclosure, was carried out at the Samut Songkhram Coastal Aquatic Research Station, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Thailand. Shrimp survival rate was significantly higher ( P  < 0.001, Fisher's exact test) in ponds where 10 000 larvae was stocked and water was exchanged with the mangrove enclosure, compared with the control pond with no water exchange, over the 136 day experimental period. Phosphorus transport to the mangrove enclosure was estimated to be 0.41 kgP and 0.18 kgP over the experimental period and change in phosphorus content in mud was reduced there compared with the control pond. A load reduction effect to the environment was confirmed in this aquaculture system with mangrove enclosure compared with the phosphorus budget in the control pond, and 6.2 or 8.9 ha of mangrove area was estimated to be required by 1 ha shrimp ponds to fully process the phosphorus.  相似文献   

2.
ABSTRACT:   A model experiment in which water was circulated between shrimp aquaculture ponds (Ponds 1, 2, and 5), and mangrove enclosures (Ponds 3 and 4), was carried out at the Samut Songkhram Coastal Aquatic Research Station, Thailand, from March through July 2003. Five ponds with a size of 40 m × 20 m and 1.5 m deep were used for this experiment. Ten thousand shrimp larvae Penaeus monodon at the PL-15 stage were stocked in Ponds 1 and 5, and 20 000 larvae were stocked in Pond 2. Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata (476 trees) had been planted in each of Ponds 3 and 4 in July 2002. Approximately 30% of the water in Ponds 2 and 5 was moved to the mangrove enclosures by siphon (Ponds 3 and 4, respectively) every Thursday, and the same amount was returned to the shrimp ponds by pump every Monday over the 136-day experiment. Shrimp incorporated 30.3, 25.6, and 33.7% of the input nitrogen as feed in Ponds 1, 2, and 5. Since 2.02 kg N in Pond 2 and 0.76 kg N in Pond 5 was transported to the mangrove ecosystem, and 4.26 kg N in Pond 2 and 3.98 kg N in Pond 5 was retained in water and mud, it was estimated that between 2.1 and 5.2 unit areas of mangroves is required to remove the nitrogen remaining in the aquaculture pond.  相似文献   

3.
The potential benefit of integrating mangrove and shrimp farms to protect ponds against erosion, to enhance the productivity of supply water and also to treat pond effluents has been pointed out previously. Agrosoledad, a 286‐ha shrimp farm located on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, was constructed behind a 1‐km‐wide mangrove area. Farm effluents are partially recirculated through a 120‐ha mangrove wetland used as a biofilter. A 3‐month study compared the concentrations of suspended solids and inorganic nutrients in the supply canal, the pond drainage and the biofilter. Suspended solids increased in pond drainage compared with supply water, but they were drastically reduced in the biofilter. In contrast, dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were not different in supply water and pond drainage, but they increased in the biofilter because of the presence of a large marine bird community. Additionally, a significant decrease in dissolved oxygen and pH was observed in the biofilter. The study demonstrated the efficiency of the system to eliminate suspended solids from the effluent. However, nutrient dynamics showed that the possible use of mangrove wetlands as biofilters for effluent treatment will be less predictable than expected.  相似文献   

4.
ABSTRACT: To quantify the contribution by cocultured animals to waste assimilation in an intensive shrimp farm in Thailand, the food web structures of the macrobenthos in a reservoir pond, a shrimp culture pond and water treatment ponds were examined using the stable C and N isotope ratio technique. Seawater for aquaculture was drawn from a creek, and stored in a reservoir pond, used for farming the banana prawn Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in culture ponds, and then recycled through treatment ponds where the green mussel Perna viridis was cultured to remove organic wastes discharged from the farming. The clam worm Nereididae sp. and the mud creeper Cerithideopsilla cingulata in the culture pond had δ 13C values of −21.0‰ and −18.4‰, respectively, suggesting that shrimp feed (mean δ 13C = −20.7‰) was the main food source for these species. The δ 13C analysis also suggested that sediments (−23.7‰) in the reservoir pond and particulate organic matter (POM) (−24.0‰) and/or sediments (−25.0‰) in the treatment pond supplied carbon for most macrobenthic animals. However, green mussels in the treatment pond had a mean δ 13C value of −20.5‰, suggesting that shrimp feed was the main food source for this species.  相似文献   

5.
凡纳滨对虾不同养殖密度高位池水体细菌群落动态   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
通过对养殖水体环境基因组DNA中细菌16S rRNA基因V4–V5区的高通量测序和生物信息学分析,研究了两种养殖密度的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)高位池水体中细菌群落在养殖过程中的动态。结果显示,养殖过程中各菌群相对丰度变化明显,细菌多样性随时间逐渐提高,优势菌群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)。随着养殖时间增长,蓝藻丰度所占比例逐渐减少,而变形菌、拟杆菌和浮霉菌丰度逐渐增大,同时养殖前期高密度池浮霉菌丰度显著高于低密度池(P0.01),而其他菌群无显著差异。结果表明,养殖期前50 d不同养殖密度水体细菌群落差异较大,而后30 d内细菌群落的时间异质性大于空间异质性,这意味着高位池水体菌相被划分为两类,到养殖后期菌相快速转变,养殖密度所带来的影响被减弱。  相似文献   

6.
The conversion of mangrove areas into shrimp farming ponds has been indicated as the main activity responsible for the reduction in the area of this ecosystem along the northeastern coast of Brazil. The present study was conducted using remote sensing methods and a geographical information system with the aim of quantifying the participation of this activity in the reduction of the mangrove areas along the northern coast of the State of Pernambuco (northeast, Brazil), where shrimp farming has been implanted in last recent years. From 1973 to 2005, there was reduction of about 2.052 ha of mangrove, 197 ha of which were converted into shrimp ponds. Thus, the real contribution of shrimp farming to this reduction was just 9.6% of the total area. Other anthropogenic activities, such as agriculture, urban expansion and tourism, contributed greatly to the reduction in the mangrove areas along the northern coast of the State of Pernambuco.  相似文献   

7.
Strategies for sampling sediment bacteria were examined in intensive shrimp. Penaeus monodon (Fabririus), ponds in tropical Australia. Stratified sampling of bacteria at the end of the production season showed that the pond centre, containing flocculated sludge, had significantly higher bacterial counts (15.5 × 109 g-1 dw) than the pond periphery (8.1 × 109g?1 dw), where the action of aerators had swept the pond floor. The variation in bacterial counts between these two zones within a pond was higher than that between sites within each zone or between ponds. Therefore, sampling effort should be focused within these zones; for example, sampling two ponds at six locations within each of the two zones resulted in a coefficient of variation of ± 5%. Bacterial numbers in the sediment were highly correlated with sediment grain size, probably because eroded soil particles and organic waste both accumulated in the centre of the pond. Despite high inputs of organic matter added to the ponds, principally as pelleted feeds, the mean bacterial numbers and nutrient concentrations (i.e. organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) in the sediment were similar to those found in mangrove sediments. This suggests that bacteria are rapidly remineralizing particulates into soluble compounds. Bacterial numbers were highly correlated with organic carbon and total kjeldahl nitrogen in the sediment, suggesting that these were limiting factors to bacterial growth.  相似文献   

8.
采用低频率运转循环水处理系统(含粗滤器、臭氧仪、气液混合器,蛋白分离器、暗沉淀池等)联用池内设施(微泡曝气增氧机与净水网)开展凡纳滨对虾室内集约化养殖实验。研究了养虾池以水处理系统调控水质效果及氮磷收支。结果表明,养虾水经系统处理后,NO2-N(53.4%～64.5%)、CODMn(53.4%～94.4%)与TAN(31.6%～40.4%)被显著去除,有效改进虾池水质;养殖周期内未换水与用药,虾池主要水化指标均控制在对虾生长安全范围,7号实验池(100 d)与8号对照池(80 d)主要水化指标变化范围:DO分别为 5.07～6.70 mg/L和4.38～6.94 mg/L,TAN 0.248～0.561 mg/L和0.301～0.794 mg/L,NO2-N 0.019～0.311 mg/L和0.012～0.210 mg/L,CODMn 10.88～21.22 mg/L和11.65～23.34 mg/L。7号池对虾生长指数优于8号池(80 d虾病暴发终止),单位水体产量分别为1.398 kg/m2与0.803 kg/m2。氮磷收支估算结果:7号与8号池饲料氮磷分别占总收入:氮93.70%与92.37%,磷98.77%与99.09%;初始水层与虾苗含氮共占总收入6.30%与7.63%,磷共占1.23%与0.91%。总水层(含排污水)氮磷分别占总输出:氮56.45%与59.86%,磷53.26%与55.79%;收获虾体氮磷分别占总输出:氮37.07%与31.94%,磷21.37%与13.11%。7号池饲料转化率较高;池水渗漏与吸附等共损失氮磷分别占总输出:氮7.00%与9.34%,磷25.37%与31.10%。实验结果表明,虾池以低频率运转循环水处理系统联用池内设施可有效控制水质与虾病,具较高饲料转化率。  相似文献   

9.
为了解养殖模式对主养草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)池塘底泥微生物群落结构的影响,使用高通量测序方法分析了山塘、精养和鱼菜共生三种模式下草鱼池塘底泥微生物的结构特征.结果显示:(1)精养池塘水体CODMn、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)[(35.67～108.34)mg/L、(3.40～7.93)m...  相似文献   

10.
We review estimates of the spatial ecosystem support required to run a typical semi-intensive shrimp farm in a coastal mangrove area in Carribean Colombia, and to produce food inputs and process wastes for large-scale industrially managed tilapia cage culture and small-scale, semi-intensive tilapia pond farming in Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. The tilapia farming is discussed in relation to the pelagic kapenta, Limnothrissa miodon (Boulenger), fishery and to inshore fisheries in the Lake. The results show that a semi-intensive shrimp farm needs a spatial ecosystem support—the ecological footprint—35 to 190 times the surface area of the pond, mainly mangrove area. Based on the analysis, we conclude that shrimp farming in Colombia is already utilizing close to the full support capacity of its coastal environment. In intensive tilapia cage farming, the ecological footprint for feed production is 10 000 times larger than the area of the cages. In contrast, a tilapia pond farm maintained on offals from fisheries, agriculture and households depends very little on external ecosystem areas. As long as there is a direct market for human consumption of all kapenta caught in the Lake, fish cage farming based on fish meal from kapenta would be doubtful from ethical, ecological as well as resource management points of view, even if it was economically feasible.  相似文献   

11.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary and water supplementation of probiotic Streptococcus phocae PI80 on growth, immune response and feed utilization of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in earthen ponds. The probiotic bacterium S. phocae PI80 was cultured in large fermenter (50 L) by adding additional carbon source in the form of molasses and glucose along with yeast extract as nitrogen source to enrich S. phocae PI80 biomass. This enriched S. phocae PI80 was administered to shrimp in feed (6.5 × 1013 bacterial cells mL?1) as well as in pond water (5 L/pond). Shrimp growth performance was significantly improved (P < 0.05) in 120 days culture when the average body weight of treated molasses + yeast extract (MY) (28.41 ± 0.874 g), glucose + yeast extract (GY) (27.013 ± 0.698 g) was significantly higher than control (23.63 ± 0.684 g). Food conversion ratio FCR was also found to be reduced significantly in ponds treated with probiotics when compared with control pond (1.89 ± 0.09). Vibrio and luminescent bacteria were found to be lower in the treatment receiving MY group, and we hypothesize that this may lead to greater shrimp survival. Furthermore, fermentation product of S. phocae PI80 added to pond water and feed additives enhanced the shrimp immune system. The results indicated that total haemocytes count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, NBT reductase assay and phagocytic activity significantly increased in shrimps treated with S. phocae PI80. Our study demonstrates that administration of S. phocae PI80 in the water and feed at 6.5 × 1013 colony‐forming units (CFU) mL?1 bacterial cells induce immune modulation and enhances the immune ability of P. monodon in pond‐reared shrimp and increased the shrimp production.  相似文献   

12.
2015年6-9月期间,对青岛市宝荣水产科技有限公司凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)工厂化养殖车间的6个实验池进行采样调查,分析了水体中微藻的种类组成、丰度、多样性和优势种演替特征,并结合养殖情况进行了讨论.共检出微藻5门28属49种(其中优势种14种),丰度范围为5.2×105-9.4×108 cell/L,生物量范围为1.23-208.00 mg/L,多样性指数范围为0.42-2.44.多样性指数低于0.9时,生态系统稳定性差,对虾易发病.不同养殖阶段微藻优势种种类不同,前期主要是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)、硅藻门(Bacillarionphyta)和部分甲藻门(Pyrrophyta)的种类,中、后期以蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)的微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)和颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)为主.对虾养殖密度显著影响微藻优势种演替,300 ind/m2养殖密度(A1池)藻相稳定且以绿藻和硅藻为优势种,对虾生长良好;400-500 ind/m2养殖密度(B1、C1和C2池)颤藻在中、后期演替成为绝对优势种,对虾易发病死亡.本研究为优化对虾工厂化养殖环境、指导养殖生产提供参考.  相似文献   

13.
河口区室内幼虾养殖循环水处理技术与模式   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文
臧维玲 《水产学报》2003,27(2):151-157
利用臭氧与生物滤器循环水处理系统进行室内南美白对虾幼虾养殖。试验期间,按48～72h间隔以臭氧处理养虾循环水2h、曝气2～4h。水处理期间,暂停处理池、养虾池间水循环,过滤系统持续运转。53d中,水处理系统有效控制养殖水质化学指标与微生物指标均在合适范围内,各指标平均值为:NH3-Nt0.41mg·L-1,NO-2-N0.057mg·L-1,COD10.12mg·L-1,氧化还原电位379mV,浑浊度0.6NTU,细菌总数10200cell·mL-1,弧菌数6cell·mL-1;同时获得较高的幼虾成活率(78.3%～80.2%)。根据试验结果与河口水特点,提出了河口区室内养虾循环水处理模式。  相似文献   

14.
A 120-acre shrimp farm located in southeast Texas has failed for three years to produce expected yields of shrimp despite intensive management. Data obtained from these ponds are combined with observations from other culture facilities to support the hypothesis that the degree of mixing of pond water is the primary limitation to oxygenation of the benthic biomass in a shrimp culture pond. The implication of this conclusion is that shrimp ponds are advection limited; therefore, rational design of such facilities will require detailed data concerning the impact of interactions of pond size, depth and geometry with wind speed, and aerator placement, upon pond mixing.  相似文献   

15.
Aquaculture pond is a complex ecosystem where the microorganisms in the sediments, in the animal intestinal tract and in water interact with each other to influence the water quality and health of aquatic animals. In order to understand the spatial distribution and relationship of microbial communities in intensively farmed genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus), 454 high‐throughput pyrosequencing was applied to analyse the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria in intensive GIFT ponds in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China. A total of 72 747 initial sequences were obtained from four depths of pond water, from tilapia large intestines and from pond sediment. The most common phylum in all samples was Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant in water, Fusobacteria and Firmicutes in the large intestine and Chloroflexi in sediment samples. The sediment microbial community structure was comparatively similar to that of the tilapia large intestine. The microbial communities from different water depths were somewhat similar, especially the three most shallow samples, although the abundance of Actinobacteria gradually decreased with increased water depth. This data offer a preliminary exploration of the response mechanisms of the bacterial communities to aquafarming and contributes to the understanding of the status of bacterial communities of tilapia pond systems during the peak period of breeding from the aspect of their spatial distributions.  相似文献   

16.
石斑鱼循环水养殖系统微生物群落结构   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
通过16S rRNA基因片段高通量测序研究了褐点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)和东星斑(Plectropomus leopardus)循环水养殖系统水体细菌种群结构。结果显示石斑鱼循环水养殖系统中优势细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospira)。其中养殖塘、固液分离池、沉淀池和蛋白分离池中主要优势细菌为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria),紫外消毒池和补氧池中则以a-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria)为主,而生物滤池中两者比例接近,均为优势种群。从养殖塘到补氧池细菌多样性指数先降低后升高,生物滤池中达到最高值,之后再次下降至紫外消毒池中达到最低值,补氧池中有所回升。PCoA分析和聚类分析结果表明,养殖水在紫外消毒前后其细菌群落组成有着明显的差异。水质理化指标检测表明,经过净化处理后,循环系统的养殖水溶解氧含量上升,氨氮和亚硝酸盐含量下降并维持在较低的浓度。环境因子与细菌群落结构相关性分析结果表明,磷酸盐、pH、溶解氧和温度等指标可能对细菌群落结构影响相对较大,但未发现两者间有很显著的相关性,这可能与实验样本较少有关。  相似文献   

17.
光合细菌强化对精养鱼塘藻类群落结构的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过定期向池塘投加光合细菌,研究了有益微生物强化对精养鱼塘浮游藻类群落结构的影响。结果显示:光合细菌强化塘(试验塘)藻类组成以绿藻、硅藻为主,养殖前期(5—6月初),以针杆藻、直链藻等占优势,中后期(7—9月)则以绿球藻、栅藻、盘星藻、小环藻、菱形藻等为优势种,水色呈淡绿、黄褐色等良好状态;而对照塘藻类组成在前期与试验塘没有明显差异,但在中后期出现明显变化,以微囊藻、颤藻、鱼腥藻、席藻等蓝藻占优势。试验塘藻类生物量显著低于对照塘(P<0.05),且对照塘生物量波动变化大,蓝藻数量所占比例可高达77.6%,远高于试验塘蓝藻比例(均值低于25.0%);此外,藻类Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数试验塘均大于对照塘。结果表明:光合细菌的定期添加有效控制了蓝藻增值,保持了藻类多样性,使精养鱼塘藻相趋于稳定,有利池塘养殖。  相似文献   

18.
The industrial aquaculture pond system has gradually replaced the use of traditional earthen pond, as it causes less pollution and is more economical. In this study, an industrial ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system consisting of the water source pond, high‐density culture ponds, a deposit pond, and ecological purification ponds for channel catfish cultivation was established. Twelve water samples from different ponds were sequenced, and the bacterial communities were analysed. The abundances of Cyanobacteria and Merismopedia varied in different functional ponds of the system. The water quality was stable after two months of cultivation at 1.89 ± 0.22 mg/L total nitrogen, 1.1 ± 0.08 mg/L NH4‐N and 0.43 ± 0.1 mg/L total phosphorus. The fish weight increased in a nearly linear manner, reaching 237.63 ± 23.8 per fish at day 120. An analysis of the environmental parameters, water quality and fish weight suggested that the system had an effective water purification process. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the community was affected at the genus and phylum levels by different environmental parameters. We identified several dominant beneficial bacteria with nutrient removal abilities. Overall, our results demonstrated that the ecological purification recirculating aquaculture system had notable effects on water quality improvement and promoted changes in bacterial populations. These results provide important information on the microbial ecology of pond industrial eco‐aquaculture systems.  相似文献   

19.
中肋骨条藻是海水富营养化的标志性微藻和常见赤潮生物之一。在陆源低盐水中养殖南美白对虾期间,池塘里出现了持续时间较长的优势种中肋骨条藻。其对池塘生态的影响,本文做了初步的描述。相应的低盐度盐水高密度养虾模式的生态也做了初浅的划分。  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Red claw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, are perhaps the first tropical species of crayfish to be cultured commercially. Culture traits and high market value could allow semi-intensive culture. Feeding strategies used in extensive crayfish ponds in temperate climates may not be the most appropriate for semi-intensive culture systems where year-round growth is possible. The following study was conducted to evaluate differences between using a pellet-based system versus a pellet-plus-forage-based system. The study was conducted in 14 0.3-ha ponds on a commercial farm in Ecuador. Juvenile red claw (1-2 g) were stocked into all ponds at a rate of 4/m2. All ponds received pelleted shrimp rations at a rate of 3% per day. Seven ponds also received dried hay at a rate of 100 kg/ha/mo during the 3-month study. At harvest, red claw weights were similar (30-34 g), but survivals were significantly higher in ponds receiving pellets and hay (65%) than in ponds receiving pellets only (50%). Yields in pellet-fed ponds averaged 594 kg/ha, while red claw receiving pellets plus forage averaged 889 kg/ha. The addition of dried forage was thought to provide a larger variety of natural food organisms throughout a greater area of the pond bottom and provided additional substrate for dispersal and hiding. Addition of grasses from outside the pond is recommended over production of grasses grown within the pond.  相似文献   

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